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Qian Yi discussed the principles of using warm and cold medicines, stating: The grandson of Mr. Zhang in Dongdu (Luoyang), aged nine, suffered from lung heat. Other physicians treated him with rhinoceros horn, pearl, dragon bone, musk, and raw buffalo gallstone for a month without improvement. His symptoms included coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, restlessness, incessant thirst, and complete inability to eat. Qian Yi prescribed Shijunzi Wan (Quisqualis Pill) and Yihuang San (Yellow-Protecting Powder). Mr. Zhang asked, "The child originally had heat; why use warm medicines?" Other physicians used cold medicines to attack the pathogen, but there was no effect after a month. Qian Yi said, "Prolonged use of cold medicines leads to internal cold, resulting in an inability to eat. Since the child is deficient and cannot eat, one should tonify the spleen. Once normal eating habits are restored, then clear the heat from the Lung meridian, and the illness will surely be cured." After two days of taking spleen-tonifying medicine, the child desired food. Qian Yi then used Xiebai San (White-Draining Powder) to drain lung heat, resulting in an eighty percent recovery. Mr. Zhang asked, "Why does this not cause deficiency?" Qian Yi replied, "By first solidifying the spleen and then draining the lungs, deficiency is avoided."

From *Tan Shi Shu Sheng*: When children cough frequently and cry often, their panting resembles a blazing fire heap at times. This is due to heat generated by milk and food obstructing the diaphragm; do not blame the divine stove, lest treatment be delayed. Use sugar-coated sword-shaped confections baked with butter, pounded and mixed according to the prescription without doubt. Additionally, take Ophiopogon Radix (Maidong) and Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu); cleansing the Triple Burner makes one a good physician.

Zhimu San (Anemarrhena Powder)
Ingredients: Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu), Ophiopogon Radix (Maidong), Licorice Root (Gancao) (each 1 fen, raw); Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit (Zaojiao) (0.5 fen, peeled, baked with butter, covered in a basin to remove fire toxicity).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water, decoct together until 0.8 zhan remains. Divide into five doses. Allow to cool before administration.

*Yingtong Baojian* records the formula Yinianjin (One-Pinch Gold) for treating pediatric cough and resolving wind-heat.
Ingredients: White Silkworm (Baijiangcan) (straight ones, 1 liang), Licorice Root (Gancao) (0.5 liang, honey-fried), Corydalis Tuber (Yanhusuo) (1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into a powder. Take a pinch (yinnian) per dose, mixed with vinegar juice for administration.

*Liang Fang* records a formula for treating pediatric heat cough.
Ingredients: Natrii Sulfas Crystallisatus (Mayaxiao), Alum (Baifan) (each 8 liang), Minium (Huandan) (1 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients together, place in a container, seal tightly, and heat in fire until red. Invert over moist ground overnight. Grind again, adding Borax (Longnao) 0.5 qian. Administer 1 zi or 0.5 qian dosage with Licorice Decoction.

*Zhang Shi Jia Chuan* records Renshen San (Ginseng Powder) for treating childhood deficiency-heat, salivation, and cough.
Ingredients: Ginseng Root (Renshen), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu) (core removed, stir-fried), Winter Flower Bud (Kuandonghua) (peeled), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) (boiled thoroughly in water, dried, ground to powder, made into cakes with ginger juice, baked dry), Licorice Root (Gancao) (honey-fried to yellow, each 1 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into fine powder. Take 0.5 qian per dose, add 0.4 zhan of water, include 2 apricot kernels (Xingren) (peeled and cored), decoct together until 0.2 zhan remains. Take warm.

*Zhuang Shi Jia Chuan* records Jinhua San (Golden Flower Powder) for treating pediatric spleen-lung qi stagnation and heat, cough, and coarse breathing with asthma.
Ingredients: Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu) (7 fen), Stephania Tetrandra (Hanfangji), Licorice Root (Gancao) (honey-fried, each 0.5 fen), Natrii Sulfas Crystallisatus (Mayaxiao) (0.5 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into fine powder. Take 0.5 qian per dose, add 0.4 zhan or 1 qian of water, decoct. Take warm, three times daily. If stagnation is severe, frequent administration is permissible.

*Ji Shi Jia Chuan* records Qingfei Wan (Lung-Clearing Pill) for treating upper jiao stagnation-heat and heart-lung deficiency-heat in children, causing incessant cough.
Ingredients: Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao) (good quality, 1 liang), Borneol (Naobao) (a small amount, ground).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of bullet seeds. Let dissolve in the mouth after meals and before sleep. Avoid pork and damp wheat products.

Ding Shifa, a physician from Changsha, passed down Banxia San (Pinellia Powder) for treating pediatric lung-heat cough, stopping diarrhea, and moistening the lungs.
Ingredients: Pinellia Tuber (Banxia) (1 liang, processed with ginger juice), Fritillaria Bulb (Beimu) (3 fen), Bupleurum Root (Chaihu) (rhizome removed), Apricot Kernel (Xingren) (stir-fried, ground), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Chuanshengma), Mulberry Root Bark (Sangbaipi) (honey-fried), Groundcherry Root (Digupi), Winter Flower Bud (Kuandonghua), Ophiopogon Radix (Maidong) (core removed), Aristolochia Manshuriensis Fruit (Madouling), Green Tangerine Peel (Qingjupi) (each 0.5 liang), Licorice Root (Gancao) (1 fen, honey-fried).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose. Wrap the powder in a piece of cotton with one mint leaf. Add 1 zhan of water, one slice of ginger, and half a jujube. Decoct until 0.5 zhan remains. Keep in a cup on the fire and take warm occasionally. Avoid cold/raw foods and toxic substances.