凡小儿触冒风寒暑湿，客于皮肤，积于脏腑，邪正相攻，阴阳偏胜，发则寒热往来，阳
不足则先寒后热，阴不足则先热后寒。寒多热少者，阴胜阳也；热多寒少者，阳胜阴也。阴
阳互攻，则寒热相半。其初也，必内有痰食，致脏气不流，故发而为疟。
风疟因风得之，恶风自汗烦渴，头痛不安，风疟也，故先热后寒，初服桂枝汤，不退，
再服柴胡汤加常山、槟榔、乌梅截之。久不退者，补中益气汤多服自愈。
寒疟因感寒得之，无汗恶寒，挛急面青，阴也。故先寒后热，宜发散寒邪，养胃汤加桂
心，不退，再服平胃散加槟榔、草果截之。久不退，六君子汤加干姜、肉桂，服之自愈。
暑疟因伤暑之阴气，发则热而不寒，烦渴少睡，呕恶。宜解暑毒，用柴胡白虎汤。不止
，去石膏，加贝母、常山、槟榔截之。久不退，补中益气汤服之自愈。
湿疟因冒雨湿，汗出或久坐湿地得之，身体肢节乏力，呕逆胀满。初服胃苓不止，再服
平胃散加茯苓、槟榔、常山截之。久不止者，参苓白术散服之自愈。
食疟由饮食不节，饥饱有伤然也。凡食生冷鱼肉油腻之物，以致中脘停痰，皆为食疟。
其状饥不欲食，中满呕逆，腹痛，宜去食。初服四兽饮，不止，再服二陈汤加枳壳、胡椒、
白芷截之。久不愈，六君子汤，谅食积气体虚实加减，服之自愈。
桂枝白术汤 治感冒而发热疟。
桂枝 青皮 广皮 茯苓 法夏 焦术（各一钱） 川芎 白芷 苏子 桔梗 槟榔（各七分）
生姜（三片） 大枣（三枚）
水煎服，于未发前二时服之。
小柴胡汤，方见伤寒门。
补中益气汤 方见咳嗽门。
养胃汤 治感寒发疟。
草果 藿香叶 广皮 桂心（各一钱） 炙草（五分） 生姜（三片） 乌梅（一粒） 水煎服。
平胃散 治寒疟不止，以此治之。
苍术 紫朴 广皮 槟榔（各一钱） 草果仁（姜汁炒） 炙草（七分） 生姜（三片） 红枣（三枚） 水
煎早服。
六君子汤 方见霍乱门。
柴胡白虎汤 治伤暑发疟，但热不寒。
洋参 柴胡 黄芩 法夏 石膏 知母（各一钱） 甘草（六分） 粳米（一钱） 生姜（三片） 大枣
（三枚） 水煎未发时早服。
参苓白术散 见泄泻门。
四兽饮 治食疟，和胃消痰。
沙参 法夏 茯苓 广皮 枳壳 焦术（各一钱） 炙草（八分） 生姜（三片） 大枣（三枚） 乌梅
（一个） 水煎服。
二陈汤 见腹痛门。
胃苓汤 见吐泻门。
Whenever a child is exposed to wind, cold, summerheat, and dampness pathogens, the pathogens lodge in the skin and accumulate in the zang-fu organs. The pathogenic factors attack the righteous qi, leading to an excess of either yin or yang. Upon onset, there is alternating chills and fever. If yang is insufficient, chills precede fever; if yin is insufficient, fever precedes chills. When chills are more severe than fever, it indicates yin excess over yang; when fever is more severe than chills, it indicates yang excess over yin. When yin and yang attack each other mutually, the chills and fever are equal in degree. Initially, there must be internal phlegm and food retention, causing the qi of the zang-fu organs to stagnate, thus manifesting as malaria (a disease characterized by chills, high fever, headache, and sweating).
Wind malaria arises from wind pathogen invasion. Symptoms include aversion to wind, spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, headache, and restlessness. This is wind malaria, so fever precedes chills. Initially, administer Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). If symptoms do not subside, administer Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) with Changshan (Dichroae Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), and Wumei (Mume Fructus) to arrest the malaria. For chronic cases that do not resolve, frequent administration of Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) will lead to self-healing.
Cold malaria arises from cold pathogen invasion. Symptoms include absence of sweating, aversion to cold, muscle spasms and stiffness, and a cyan complexion, indicating a yin pattern. Thus, chills precede fever. It is appropriate to disperse cold pathogens using Yangwei Tang (Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) with Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex). If symptoms do not subside, administer Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder) with Binglang (Arecae Semen) and Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus) to arrest the malaria. For chronic cases, Liu Junzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) with Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Rougui (Cinnamomi Ramulus) should be administered for self-healing.
Summerheat malaria arises from damage to yin qi due to summerheat. Onset presents with fever without chills, irritability, thirst, insomnia, vomiting, and nausea. It is appropriate to resolve summerheat toxicity using Chaihu Baihu Tang (Bupleurum and White Tiger Decoction). If symptoms persist, remove Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and add Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Changshan (Dichroae Radix), and Binglang (Arecae Semen) to arrest the malaria. For chronic cases, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) should be administered for self-healing.
Damp malaria arises from exposure to rain or prolonged sitting on damp ground. Symptoms include weakness in the body and limbs, regurgitation, abdominal distension, and fullness. Initially, administer Weiling Tang (Gastrointestinal and Lingzhi Decoction). If symptoms persist, administer Pingwei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder) with Fuling (Poria), Binglang (Arecae Semen), and Changshan (Dichroae Radix) to arrest the malaria. For chronic cases that do not resolve, Shenling Baizhu San (Ginseng, Poria, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) should be administered for self-healing.
Food malaria results from irregular diet and injury from hunger or overeating. Consumption of raw, cold, fish, meat, or greasy foods leads to phlegm retention in the Zhongwan (Middle Jiao), all classified as food malaria. Symptoms include hunger without desire to eat, epigastric fullness, vomiting and regurgitation, and abdominal pain. It is appropriate to eliminate food retention. Initially, administer Sishou Yin (Four Beasts Drink). If symptoms persist, administer Erchen Tang (Two Aged Ingredients Decoction) with Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus), Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), and Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) to arrest the malaria. For chronic cases, Liu Junzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) should be used, modified according to the deficiency or excess of food retention and qi, leading to self-healing.
Guizhi Baizhu Tang: Treats malaria with fever caused by cold damage.
Ingredients: Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride), Guangpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Fuling (Poria), Fa Xia (Processed Pinelliae Rhizoma), Jiaoshu (Fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian); Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Suzi (Perilla Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen) (each 0.7 qian); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma) (3 slices); Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (3 pieces).
Usage: Decoct in water and take 2 hours before the onset of the malaria episode.
Chaihu Tang: Formula see Shaoyang Syndrome chapter.
Buzhong Yiqi Tang: Formula see Cough chapter.
Yangwei Tang: Treats malaria induced by cold invasion.
Ingredients: Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Huoxiangye (Agastaches Herba), Guangpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Guixin (Cinnamomi Cortex) (each 1 qian); Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma) (3 slices); Wumei (Mume Fructus) (1 piece).
Usage: Decoct in water and take.
Pingwei San: Treats persistent cold malaria.
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zipu (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Guangpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Binglang (Arecae Semen) (each 1 qian); Caoguoren (Tsaoko Fructus Seed, stir-fried with ginger juice); Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.7 qian); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma) (3 slices); Hongzao (Jujubae Fructus) (3 pieces).
Usage: Decoct in water and take early in the morning.
Liu Junzi Tang: Formula see Cholera chapter.
Chaihu Baihu Tang: Treats malaria induced by summerheat, presenting with fever but no chills.
Ingredients: Yangshen (American Ginseng), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Fa Xia (Processed Pinelliae Rhizoma), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.6 qian); Jingmi (Oryza Sativa); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma) (3 slices); Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (3 pieces).
Usage: Decoct in water and take early before the onset of the malaria episode.
Shenling Baizhu San: Formula see Diarrhea chapter.
Sishou Yin: Treats food malaria, harmonizes the stomach and resolves phlegm.
Ingredients: Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Fa Xia (Processed Pinelliae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Guangpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus), Jiaoshu (Fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 qian); Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.8 qian); Shengjiang (Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma) (3 slices); Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) (3 pieces); Wumei (Mume Fructus) (1 piece).
Usage: Decoct in water and take.
Erchen Tang: Formula see Abdominal Pain chapter.
Weiling Tang: Formula see Vomiting and Diarrhea chapter.