热有作止、每日应时而发，谓之潮热，如潮信之不失其期也。钱氏云∶假如潮
热，是一脏实一脏虚而内发虚热也，法当补母而泻本脏则愈。且如日中发潮热者，
是心虚也，肝为心之母，则宜先补肝，肝实而后泻心，心得母气则内平，以潮
热愈也。医见潮热，妄谓其实，乃以大黄、朴硝、辈诸冷药利之，利既多矣，不能
禁约，而津液内竭，纵取一时之瘥，鲜有不成疳病而身瘦也。〔薛〕潮热有风寒、
疳积、食癖、之分，阴阳、虚实、五脏、之异，如汗出身热，呵欠面赤者，风热也。
伤寒时疫，阴阳相胜，外感热也。肌瘦口干，骨蒸盗汗，疳热也。大小便秘涩，汗
下不解，积热也。腹背先热，夜发旦止，食热也。涎嗽饮水，乳食不消，癖热也。
又有烦热者，气粗喘促，心躁不安，颊赤口疮，兼发痫证。疮疹热者，耳鼻尖冷。
血热者，巳午间发，至夜则凉。虚热者，困倦少力，发于病后。阳邪干心，则来去
不定。阴阳相胜，则寒热如疟。前证在小儿，有因乳母或妊娠七情浓味遗热，或饮
食停积，衣衾过暖，及频浴热汤而为患，若寅卯辰时热而力盛饮水者，肝经实热也，
用柴胡清肝散。热而力怯饮汤者，肝经虚热也，用六味地黄丸。巳午时热，心经也，
实，用导赤散；虚，用秘旨安神丸。申酉戌时热，肺经也，实，用泻白散；虚，用
秘旨保脾汤。亥子丑时热，肾经也，用地黄丸。大凡壮热饮水，大便秘结，属实热，
用二黄犀角散下之。热渴饮汤，大便如常，属血虚，用四物汤补之。若下后阴虚，
阳无所附而仍热，用四物参 。汗后阳虚，阴无所生而仍热，用四君芎归。若汗下
后烦渴面赤，血虚发躁也，当归补血汤；若见惊搐等证，肝血虚而内生风也，用四
物、天麻、钓藤钩。颊赤口干，小便赤涩，大便焦黄，表里俱实热也，用清凉饮子。
如大便已利或热未止，表邪未解也，惺惺散，未应，加麻黄微汗之；既汗而仍热，
此表里俱虚，气不归源，阳浮于外而虚热也，六神散加粳米。阳气下陷于阴中而发
热者，用补中益气汤。若乳下婴儿，当兼治其母。曾氏，先用百解散发表，次以当
归散及三解散治之，脉实者以大柴胡汤下之，虚浮数者百解散微汗之，若发热而呕
者小柴胡汤和解之。
〔钱〕地骨皮散 治虚热潮作，亦治伤寒壮热及余热。
知母 甘草（炙） 半夏（洗七次） 银柴胡（去芦） 人参 地骨皮 赤茯苓（各等分）
如有惊热，加蝉蜕、天麻、黄芩。若加秦艽，名秦艽饮子。
上为细末。每服二钱，生姜三片，水煎，食后，温服。量大小加减。（海藏云∶地骨
皮散、即小柴胡汤加减法，自汗者、地骨皮散，无汗者柴胡汤、三黄汤，仲景所用，钱氏改诸丸散，
加减并出古法。）
生犀散（见心部）
〔田〕犀角散 治小儿骨蒸肌瘦，颊赤口干，晚潮热，夜有盗汗，五心烦躁，四肢
困倦，饮食虽多，不生肌肉。
犀角末 地骨皮 麦门冬 枳壳（麸炒） 大黄（蒸） 柴胡 茯苓 赤芍药 黄 桑
白皮 人参 鳖甲（醋涂炙。各等分）
上为粗末。每二钱，入青蒿少许，水煎。量儿大小加减。一钟煎八分，食后，
温服。
〔丹〕小儿潮热盗汗。胡黄连、柴胡等为细末，炼蜜、丸芡实大。每二丸，酒化开，入
少水，煎小沸、服。
〔钱〕秦艽散 治潮热，减食，蒸瘦。
秦艽（去头，切焙） 甘草（炙。各一两） 薄荷叶（切、焙，半两）
上为粗末。每服二钱，水一钟，煎八分，食后，温服。
〔洁〕潮热有时，胸满短气者，桃枝丸。（见积热。）
人参芎归散 治小儿虚劳，内热潮热，或遍身疮。
北参 当归 远志（浸，取肉姜制，焙） 北前胡 柴胡 地骨皮 防风 北桔梗 枳
壳（制） 半夏曲（各一钱半） 川芎 赤芍药 茯苓 麦门冬（去心。各二钱） 甘草（三钱，焙）
上锉细。每服二钱，水小盏，姜三片，紫苏叶三四叶。发疮者、兼服猪肚黄连
丸，方见疳门，别作小丸，不惟治疮治渴，其发热而胀者，可与服二十丸。
十味人参散 治潮热身体倦怠。
柴胡 甘草 人参 茯苓 半夏 白术 黄芩 当归 芍药 葛根
上 咀。水一钟，姜三片，煎服。
薛方
柴胡清肝散（见肝热） 六味地黄丸（见肾） 导赤散（见心部） 秘旨安神丸（见心部）
泻白散（见肺部） 秘旨保脾汤（见脾部） 二黄犀角散（见温壮） 四物汤（见失血） 当归
补血汤（见虚热） 六神散（见夜啼）
〔曾氏方〕
百解散 主和解百病。虚慢阴证不宜。
干葛（二两半） 升麻 赤芍药（各二两） 黄芩（一两） 麻黄（制，七钱半） 薄桂（去
粗皮，二钱半） 甘草（一两半）
上碎。每服二钱，水一盏，姜二片，葱一根，煎七分，无时温服。有风热盛，
加薄荷同煎。
当归散 顺调气血，和解表里，爽利心腹，疏理百病，及治温热停积自痢，烦躁
不宁。
当归（去芦，酒洗） 赤芍药（各二两） 甘草（半生半炙，一两） 大黄（半生半泡，一两二钱） 川
芎麻黄（制。各半两）
上碎。每服二钱，水一盏，姜二片，煎七分，无时温服。
三解散（一名宁心汤） 主上焦蕴热，伤风面红，目赤狂躁，气急渴水，惊啼烦闷，丹
毒口疮，痰嗽搐掣。
人参 防风（各去芦） 天麻 茯神（去皮木根） 郁金（如无，山栀仁代） 白附子 大黄
（各二钱半） 赤芍药 黄芩 僵蚕（各五钱） 全蝎（十五尾，去尖毒） 枳壳（二钱，如前制）
粉草（六钱）
上碎，焙，为末。每服半钱至一钱，用温薄荷汤，无时调下。或灯心汤。
大柴胡汤 解利风热痰嗽，腹胀，及里证未解。
柴胡（去芦四两） 黄芩 芍药（各一两半） 大黄 半夏（如前制。各七钱半） 枳实（如前制，七钱）
甘草（一两小方故加用）
上碎。每服二钱，水一盏，姜二片，煎七分，无时温服。
小柴胡汤（半表半里热）
Heat that has intervals of onset and cessation, occurring regularly according to the time of day, is called tidal fever (Chao Re), similar to the regularity of menstruation. Qian Yi stated: If it is tidal fever, it arises from one organ being excess and another being deficient, generating internal deficiency heat internally. The treatment method should be to tonify the mother organ and drain the affected organ to achieve a cure. For example, if tidal fever occurs at midday, it indicates Heart Qi deficiency. Since the Liver is the mother of the Heart, one should first tonify the Liver; after the Liver becomes sufficient, then drain the Heart. Once the Heart receives the qi of its mother, the interior will harmonize, and the tidal fever will resolve. Physicians seeing tidal fever often wrongly assume it is excess heat and use cold purgatives such as Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) and Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas) to purge. Excessive purging leads to an inability to retain fluids, causing the depletion of body fluids internally. Even if temporary relief is obtained, few cases do not develop into Gan disease (infantile malnutrition) with emaciation. [Xue Ji] Tidal fever varies by wind-cold, Gan accumulation, food stagnation, and differs in yin-yang, excess-deficiency, and the five zang organs. For instance, sweating followed by fever, yawning, and flushed cheeks indicate wind-heat. Cold damage or epidemic diseases where yin and yang contend represent external heat pathogens. Emaciated muscles, dry mouth, bone-steaming night sweats indicate Gan heat. Constipation and difficult urination, unrelieved by sweating or purging, indicate accumulated heat. Heat starting in the abdomen and back, occurring at night and stopping in the morning, indicates food heat. Salivation, coughing, drinking water, indigestion of milk and food indicate stasis heat. There is also vexatious heat, characterized by coarse breathing, panting, mental restlessness, flushed cheeks, oral ulcers, accompanied by convulsive disorders. In rashes, the nose and ear tips are cold. Blood heat occurs between Si-Wu hours (9 AM–3 PM) and cools at night. Deficiency heat presents with fatigue and weakness, often occurring after illness. When yang pathogens disturb the Heart, the fever comes and goes irregularly. When yin and yang contend, chills and fever alternate like malaria. These conditions in children may result from the wet nurse or pregnant woman experiencing excessive emotions or consuming rich foods, leaving residual heat; or from food stagnation, excessive clothing/bedding warmth, or frequent bathing in hot water. If fever occurs during Yin-Mao-Chen hours (3 AM–9 AM) with strong strength and thirst for water, it is Liver meridian excess heat, treated with Chai Hu Qing Gan San. If fever occurs with weak strength and desire for warm drinks, it is Liver meridian deficiency heat, treated with Liu Wei Di Huang Wan. Fever during Si-Wu hours belongs to the Heart meridian; excess is treated with Dao Chi San, deficiency with Mi Zhi An Shen Wan. Fever during Shen-You-Xu hours belongs to the Lung meridian; excess is treated with Xie Bai San, deficiency with Mi Zhi Bao Pi Tang. Fever during Hai-Zi-Chou hours belongs to the Kidney meridian, treated with Di Huang Wan. Generally, high fever with thirst and constipation indicates excess heat, treated with Er Huang Xi Jiao San to purge. Fever with thirst for warm drinks and normal stool indicates blood deficiency, treated with Si Wu Tang to tonify. If yin deficiency persists after purging due to yang having no root, treat with Si Wu Tang plus Ren Shen. If yang deficiency persists after sweating due to yin having no source, treat with Si Jun Zi Tang plus Chuan Xiong and Dang Gui. If vexation, thirst, and flushed cheeks occur after sweating and purging, indicating blood deficiency with agitation, use Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang. If convulsions appear, indicating liver blood deficiency generating internal wind, use Si Wu Tang plus Tian Ma and Gou Teng. Flushed cheeks, dry mouth, red and scanty urine, dry yellow stool indicate exterior and interior excess heat, treated with Qing Liang Yin Zi. If stool is loose but fever persists, indicating unresolved exterior pathogen, use Xing Xing San; if ineffective, add Ma Huang to induce mild sweating. If fever persists after sweating, this indicates both exterior and interior deficiency, qi failing to return to its source, with yang floating externally causing deficiency heat, treated with Liu Shen San plus Jing Mi. If fever results from yang qi sinking into yin, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang. For nursing infants, the mother should also be treated. Zeng Shi advocated using Bai Jie San first to release the exterior, then Dang Gui San and San Jie San. If the pulse is excess, use Da Chai Hu Tang to purge; if the pulse is deficient, floating, and rapid, use Bai Jie San for mild sweating; if fever accompanies vomiting, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang to harmonize.
[Qian Yi] Di Gu Pi San treats deficiency heat tidal fever, and also cold damage high fever and lingering heat.
Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times) Yin Chai Hu (Stellariae Radix, remove rhizome) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex) Chi Fu Ling (Poria with Red Hosta Root, equal parts).
If there is fright heat, add Chan Tui (Cicada Slough), Tian Ma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix). If added with Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), it is named Qin Jiao Yin Zi.
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, with 3 slices of fresh ginger, decoct in water, take warm after meals. Adjust dosage based on age. (Zhang Yuansu said: Di Gu Pi San is a modification of Xiao Chai Hu Tang. For spontaneous sweating, use Di Gu Pi San; for no sweating, use Chai Hu Tang or San Huang Tang, methods used by Zhang Zhongjing. Qian Yi changed them to pills and powders, modifications following ancient methods.)
Sheng Xi San (See Heart Section)
[Tian Shi] Xi Jiao San treats pediatric bone-steaming emaciation, flushed cheeks, dry mouth, evening tidal fever, night sweats, five-palm vexation, limb fatigue, excessive eating without muscle gain.
Xi Jiao Powder (Rhinocerotis Cornu) Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex) Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus, bran-fried) Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, steamed) Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) Fu Ling (Poria) Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) Bie Jia (Trionycis Carapax, vinegar-fried, equal parts).
Grind into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add a little Qing Hao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), decoct in water. Adjust based on age. Decoct one zhong to eight fen, take warm after meals.
[Dan Xi] Pediatric tidal fever and night sweats. Hu Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), etc., ground into powder, refined honey made into pills the size of Euryale Seed. Take two pills per dose, dissolve in wine, add a little water, boil until slightly boiling, then take.
[Qian Yi] Qin Jiao San treats tidal fever, reduced appetite, steaming emaciation.
Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, remove head, cut and bake) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, fried. Each 1 liang) Bo He Ye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium, cut and baked, 0.5 liang).
Grind into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, one zhong of water, decoct to eight fen, take warm after meals.
[Li Gao] Tidal fever at specific times with chest fullness and shortness of breath, use Tao Zhi Wan. (See Accumulated Heat.)
Ren Shen Xiong Gui San treats pediatric consumptive disease, internal tidal fever, or sores all over the body.
Bei Shen (Codonopsis Radix or Ginseng Radix) Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix, soaked, flesh taken, ginger-processed, baked) Bei Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix) Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex) Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) Bei Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix) Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus, processed) Ban Xia Qu (Pinelliae Fermented Rhizoma. Each 1.5 qian) Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) Fu Ling (Poria) Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogonis Tuber, remove heart. Each 2 qian) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 qian, baked).
Cut finely. Take 2 qian per dose, small cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, 3-4 leaves of Zi Su Ye (Perillae Folium). For sores, concurrently take Zhu Du Huang Lian Wan (see Gan section), make into small pills; not only treats sores and thirst, but for fever with distension, take 20 pills.
Shi Wei Ren Shen San treats tidal fever with body fatigue.
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) Fu Ling (Poria) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix) Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix).
Cut into pieces. One zhong of water, 3 slices of ginger, decoct and take.
Xue Ji Formulas
Chai Hu Qing Gan San (See Liver Heat) Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (See Kidney) Dao Chi San (See Heart Section) Mi Zhi An Shen Wan (See Heart Section) Xie Bai San (See Lung Section) Mi Zhi Bao Pi Tang (See Spleen Section) Er Huang Xi Jiao San (See Warm High Fever) Si Wu Tang (See Blood Loss) Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (See Deficiency Heat) Liu Shen San (See Night Crying)
[Zeng Shi Formula]
Bai Jie San primarily harmonizes hundred diseases. Not suitable for deficiency-cold yin syndromes.
Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix, 2.5 liang) Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Each 2 liang) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 liang) Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, processed, 0.75 liang) Bo Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, remove rough bark, 0.25 liang) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1.5 liang).
Cut into pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, one cup of water, 2 slices of ginger, 1 green onion stalk, decoct to seven fen, take warm anytime. If wind-heat is severe, add Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium) and decoct together.
Dang Gui San regulates qi and blood, harmonizes exterior and interior, soothes heart and abdomen, resolves hundred diseases, and treats self-dysentery from warm-heat stagnation, restlessness.
Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, remove rhizome, wash with wine) Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra. Each 2 liang) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, half raw half fried, 1 liang) Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, half raw half soaked, 1.2 liang) Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, processed. Each 0.5 liang).
Cut into pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, one cup of water, 2 slices of ginger, decoct to seven fen, take warm anytime.
San Jie San (also known as Ning Xin Tang) primarily treats upper jiao heat accumulation, wind-cold with facial redness, red eyes, mania, urgent breathing, thirst, fright crying, vexation, erysipelas, oral ulcers, phlegm-cough, and convulsions.
Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix. Both remove rhizome) Tian Ma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) Fu Shen (Poria with Pine Root, remove woody root) Yu Jin (Curcumae Radix, substitute Zhi Zi Ren if unavailable) Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma) Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Each 2.5 qian) Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus. Each 5 qian) Quan Xie (Scorpio, 15 tails, remove toxic tip) Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus, 2 qian, processed as before) Fen Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 6 qian).
Cut into pieces, bake, grind into powder. Take 0.5 to 1 qian per dose, mix with warm Bo He Tang (Mint Decoction), take anytime. Or use Deng Xin Cao Tang (Junci Medullae Decoction).
Da Chai Hu Tang releases wind-heat and phlegm-cough, abdominal distension, and unresolved interior syndromes.
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, remove rhizome, 4 liang) Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix. Each 1.5 liang) Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed as before. Each 0.75 liang) Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, processed as before, 0.7 liang) Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, added in smaller formula).
Cut into pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, one cup of water, 2 slices of ginger, decoct to seven fen, take warm anytime.
Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Half-exterior half-interior heat)