凡兽北向自死，及死不僵而伏地者，不可食。
凡兽自死，或瘟疫疮疥死，及被箭死者，不可食。
凡兽肉中有如朱点者，得咸酢不变色者、落水浮者、堕地不沾尘者、经宿尚暖者、曝炙不燥者、久煮不熟者、煮熟
不敛水者、热血不断者、久藏米瓮中者、祭肉自动者，皆有大毒，并杀人。（以上俱《本草拾遗》）
鱼类 鲤鱼发风热。凡一切风病，及痈疽疮疥、疟痢，俱不可食。（《食鉴》）患膈HT 翻胃者，愈后食之，复
发
难救。（《杨氏梓送方》）
青鱼不可合生胡荽、生葵、菜豆、霍麦酱同食。（《本经》）
鲩鱼（俗名草鱼、又名池鱼）能发诸疮。（《延寿书》）
鲢鱼多食，令人热中发渴，又发疮疥。（《食疗》）
鲫鱼多食动火。同芥菜食，成肿。同猪肝鸡肉食生痈。（《张鼎本草》）患香港脚人食之，久不愈。（《同寿 》）
鲥鱼多食染瘟疫，小儿不宜食。（《日食方物》）
鲚鱼助火生痰，发疥不可食。（同上）
鱼赤目赤须者，杀人。
白鱼发脓，有疮疖人不可食。经宿者，令人腹冷。（《石氏》）与枣同食患腰痛。（《陶氏》）
鲂鱼（大者即 鱼），疳痢人勿食。（《蜀本草》）
鲈鱼发 癖疮肿。（《传信》）肝不可食，剥人面皮。
鲟鱼多食心痛腰痛。合笋食成瘫痪。（《会编》）
鳜鱼有十二骨，每月一骨，有毒杀人。（《寿世青编》）
河 毒之所在腹之子、目之睛、春之血，有损无益。浸血不尽，有紫赤斑眼者，及误破伤子，或修治不如法，误染
屋尘者，俱胀杀人。凡服荆芥、菊花、附子、乌头之人，食之必死。（同上）
鲳 腹中子毒，令人下痢。（同上）
鳗鲡水行昂头者，背有白点者，腹下有黑斑者，无腮者，重四五斤者，俱不可食。（《拾遗》）
（即黄鱼）滑肠动火。今所名黄鱼者，石首鱼也。（《食鉴》）患肺疽者，终身戒食。（《全生后集》）
（俗作虾）无须，及腹下通黑，壳反白者，不宜食。（《四声》）
（俗名黄鳝）大而黑者，通身浮水上者，项下有黑点者，昂头出水二三寸者，皆有毒杀人。（同上）
补，有毒不可食诸鱼 凡鱼头正白，如连珠至脊上，食之杀人。
凡鱼头中无腮者，食之杀人。
凡鱼头似有角者，不可食之。
凡鱼目合者，不可食之。
凡鱼无肠胆者，不可食之，三年阴不起，女子绝生。
凡鱼投地，尘土不污者，不可食之。
凡鱼狗不食、鸟不啄者，不可食之。
凡鱼 ，不可合小豆藿（即小豆叶也）食之。
凡鱼子不可合猪肝食之。以上俱《金匮要略》）
介类 鳖冷而难消，脾虚者大忌。（《从新》）凡足赤、三足、头足不缩、独目赤目、目凹陷、腹下红、或生王
字
形及有蛇纹者，皆蛇化也，不可食。（《拾遗》）
蟹未被霜者，食之伤中败胃，动风，大伤阴血。（《广利》） 凡背有黑点生，脚不全，独螯独目，两目相向，目赤足
斑，
腹下有毛，腹中有骨者，并杀人。（《拾遗》）
蚌多食，发风动冷气。（《衍义》）
蚬多食，发嗽生痰及冷气，消肾。（《食治》）
蛤蜊多食，令人腹结痛。（《别 》）
淡菜多食，令人烦闷，发丹石毒。（《食鉴》）
虫类 蜂蜜（俗名蜂糖，生岩石者名岩蜜，亦名石蜜），大肠虚滑者，虽熟蜜亦在禁例。酸者食之，令人心烦。
同葱食害人。食蜜饱后，不可食酢，令人暴亡。（《从新》）
黄蜡误杂于鸡肉内者，食之令人气塞而死。（《类钞》）
总补∶有毒不可食诸物 凡酒及水，照见人影动者，不可饮之。
饮酒食生苍耳，令人心痛。
饮酒大醉，炙腹背，令人肠结。
秽饭、馁肉、臭鱼，食之皆伤人。
蜘蛛落食中，不可食之。
蜂蝇虫蚁等，多集食上，食之致 。（以上俱《金匮要略》）
鸡鱼诸肉经宿者，不再煮，勿食，食之吐泻作胀。
诸肉汁藏器中，不泄气者，食之令人腹胀吐泻。以铜器盖，铜生汗，滴下亦毒。
饮食放露天，飞丝堕其内，食之喉肿生泡。
烈日晒热瓷器，不可便放食物，食之有损无益。
铜罐内贮茶水，锡瓶内盛烧酒，经宿看，渴甚不可饮。（以上俱《本草食鉴》）
米饭面粉之类，如遗入水缸内，致生毛衣者，人若误食，多生痈毒。
久晴甫雨，屋檐水不可供人饮食。要知屋上每多蛛尿猫粪等秽，壁虎、蜈蚣虫涎诸毒，食之不独不洁，且生疽生病，
须遇大雨冲流之后，方可无忌也。
有雷雨水，不可供食。雷有焰毒，凡有雷之时，其雨水饮之，腹胀生病。（以上俱《传家宝》）
小满、芒种、白露三节内，水并有毒，人饮之，易生脾胃病。（《陶氏别 》）
屋漏水，滴物上，有大毒，茅舍漏尤甚。菜在檐下滴水处者，亦不可食。
花瓶水有大毒，不可食。若浸蜡梅花者，尤能杀人。（二说俱《慈惠小编》）
Any beast that dies facing north, or dies without stiffening but lies prostrate on the ground, must not be eaten.
Any beast that dies naturally, or dies from plague, sores, or scabies, or is killed by an arrow, must not be eaten.
Any beast meat containing spots like cinnabar dots that do not change color when exposed to salty vinegar; that floats in water; that does not touch dust when dropped on the ground; that remains warm overnight; that does not dry out when sun-dried or roasted; that does not cook thoroughly after long boiling; that does not shrink and release water after cooking; where hot blood flows continuously; that has been stored for a long time in a rice jar; or sacrificial meat that moves spontaneously—all possess great toxicity and can cause death. (All above from *Bencao Shiyi*)
Fish: Carp induces wind-heat. It must not be eaten by anyone suffering from various wind diseases, as well as carbuncles, sores, scabies, malaria, or dysentery. (From *Shi Jian*) For those suffering from ge yi (dysphagia with regurgitation), eating it after recovery will cause relapse, which is difficult to save. (From *Yang Shi Zisong Fang*)
Black carp must not be eaten together with raw coriander, raw okra, bean curd beans, or huomai sauce. (From *Ben Jing*)
Grass carp (commonly known as caoyu, also called chi fish) can induce various sores. (From *Yanshu*)
Silver carp, if eaten in excess, causes internal heat and thirst, and induces sores and scabies. (From *Shiliao*)
Crucian carp, if eaten in excess, stirs up fire. Eating it with mustard greens causes swelling. Eating it with pig liver or chicken meat induces carbuncles. (From *Zhang Ding Bencao*) Those suffering from jiaoxie (foot disease/gout) who eat it will find their condition lingering and unhealed. (From *Tongshou*)
Hilsa herring, if eaten in excess, predisposes one to epidemic diseases; children should not eat it. (From *Rishi Fangwu*)
Coilia nasus promotes fire and generates phlegm, inducing scabies; it must not be eaten. (Ibid.)
Fish with red eyes and red whiskers are lethal.
White fish induces pus formation; those with sores and boils must not eat it. Overnight white fish causes coldness in the abdomen. (From *Shi Shi*) Eating it with dates causes lower back pain. (From *Tao Shi*)
Mandarin fish (the large ones are bream); those suffering from gan li (childhood malnutrition with diarrhea) should not eat it. (From *Shu Bencao*)
Sea bass induces pi masses and carbuncle swellings. (From *Chuanxin*) Its liver must not be eaten; legend says it can peel human skin.
Sturgeon, if eaten in excess, causes heartache and lower back pain. Eating it with bamboo shoots leads to paralysis. (From *Huibian*)
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) has twelve bones, one corresponding to each month; they are toxic and lethal. (From *Shoushi Qingbian*)
The poison of pufferfish lies in its roe, its eye lenses, and its blood in spring; it only harms and offers no benefit. If the blood is not fully drained during soaking, leaving purple-red spots and eyes, or if the roe is accidentally damaged, or if preparation is improper, or if house dust contaminates it, it causes abdominal distension and death. Anyone taking Schizonepeta, Chrysanthemum, Aconitum lateralare preparatum, or Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. will certainly die if they eat pufferfish. (Ibid.)
The roe in pomfret is toxic and causes diarrhea. (Ibid.)
Eels that swim with heads raised, have white spots on their backs, black patches on their bellies, lack gills, and weigh four to five jin must not be eaten. (From *Shiyi*)
Yellow croaker lubricates the intestines and stirs up fire. The yellow croaker referred to today is the Johnius belangerii (stonehead fish). (From *Shi Jian*) Those suffering from fei yong (lung abscess) must abstain from it for life. (From *Quansheng Houji*)
Shrimp (colloquially written as xia), those without whiskers, with uniformly black bellies, and shells that are conversely white, are unsuitable for consumption. (From *Sisheng*)
Swamp eel (common name huangshan), those that are large and black, float entirely on the water surface, have black spots under the neck, or raise their heads two to three inches out of the water, are all toxic and lethal. (Ibid.)
Supplements: Various toxic fish that must not be eaten. Any fish with a head that is purely white, resembling a string of pearls extending to the spine, is lethal if eaten.
Any fish lacking gills in its head is lethal if eaten.
Any fish whose head resembles having horns must not be eaten.
Any fish with closed eyes must not be eaten.
Any fish lacking intestines and gallbladder must not be eaten; consuming it results in impotence for three years and sterility in women.
Any fish that, when thrown on the ground, does not get dirty with dust must not be eaten.
Any fish that dogs refuse to eat and birds refuse to peck must not be eaten.
Any fish must not be eaten with xiaoduo huo (leaves of small beans).
Any fish roe must not be eaten with pig liver. (All above from *Jingui Yaolue*)
Shellfish/Mollusks: Soft-shelled turtle is cold and hard to digest; it is strictly contraindicated for those with spleen deficiency. (From *Congxin*) Any turtle with red feet, three feet, head and limbs that cannot retract, a single red eye, sunken eyes, red belly, or patterns resembling the character "Wang" or snake scales are transformations of snakes and must not be eaten. (From *Shiyi*)
Crabs that have not been exposed to frost damage the middle jiao and stomach, induce wind, and severely injure yin blood. (From *Guangli*) Any crab with black spots on its back, incomplete legs, a single claw, single eye, eyes facing each other, red eyes with spotted legs, hair on the belly, or bone in the belly is lethal. (From *Shiyi*)
Clams, if eaten in excess, induce wind and stir up cold qi. (From *Yanyi*)
Corbicula clams, if eaten in excess, induce cough, generate phlegm, and stir up cold qi, depleting kidney essence. (From *Shizhi*)
Venerupis philippinarum, if eaten in excess, causes abdominal knotting and pain. (From *Bielu*)
Dried mussels, if eaten in excess, cause restlessness and induce danshi toxicity. (From *Shi Jian*)
Insects: Honey (commonly named fengtang; honey produced on rocks is called yanmi, also shimi). For those with deficient and slippery large intestines, even cooked honey is prohibited. Acidic honey causes mental restlessness. Eating it with green onion harms people. After eating honey until full, one must not consume vinegar, as it causes sudden death. (From *Congxin*)
Beeswax mistakenly mixed into chicken meat causes qi obstruction and death if eaten. (From *Leichao*)
General Supplements: Various toxic substances that must not be eaten. Any wine or water that shows a moving reflection of a person must not be drunk.
Drinking alcohol while eating raw Xanthium sibiricum causes heart pain.
Getting drunk on alcohol and then roasting the abdomen and back causes intestinal obstruction.
Spoiled rice, putrefied meat, and smelly fish all harm the body when eaten.
If a spider falls into food, it must not be eaten.
Bees, flies, insects, ants, etc., gathering in large numbers on food causes [illness] if eaten. (All above from *Jingui Yaolue*)
Chicken, fish, and other meats left overnight, if not re-boiled, must not be eaten; eating them causes vomiting, diarrhea, and distension.
Meat juices stored in containers that do not release vapor cause abdominal distension and vomiting/diarrhea if eaten. Covering with copper vessels causes copper sweat to drip down, which is also toxic.
Food placed outdoors where flying filaments fall into it causes throat swelling and blistering if eaten.
Ceramics heated by the scorching sun must not immediately hold food; eating from them is harmful and offers no benefit.
Tea stored in copper pots and liquor stored in tin bottles, viewed overnight, must not be drunk even if extremely thirsty. (All above from *Bencao Shijian*)
Rice, flour, and similar items that fall into water vats and grow mold/fuzz cause carbuncles and toxins if mistakenly eaten.
After a long dry spell followed by rain, roof runoff water must not be used for drinking or cooking. One must know that roofs often contain spider urine, cat feces, and other filth, as well as toxins from gecko and centipede secretions. Eating this is not only unclean but also causes carbuncles and diseases. Only after heavy rain washes it away can it be consumed without taboo.
Rainwater from thunderstorms must not be used for food. Lightning carries flame toxicity; drinking rainwater during thunderstorms causes abdominal distension and illness. (All above from *Chuanjia Bao*)
During the solar terms Xiaoman, Mangzhong, and Bailu, water is toxic; drinking it easily causes spleen and stomach diseases. (From *Tao Shi Biegu*)
Roof leak water dripping on objects has great toxicity, especially from thatched houses. Vegetables growing under eaves where water drips must not be eaten.
Water in flower vases has great toxicity and must not be eaten. Water infused with winter jasmine flowers is particularly lethal. (Both sayings from *Cihui Xiao Bian*)