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Medical discussions on treatment principles are generally divided into four major syndromes: one is Exterior Heat (Biao Re), two is Interior Heat (Li Re), three is Deficiency Heat (Xu Re), and four is Excess Heat (Shi Re). The specific manifestations and treatments are detailed in the book *You You Ji Cheng* (Comprehensive Collection for Infants and Children).

When infants suffer from Exterior Heat, they prefer to be held during fever, shrink away fearing cold and wind, do not wish to expose their heads and faces, have a pale/dull complexion, no thirst, normal urination and defecation, cool lips when suckling milk, or may present with nasal congestion and runny nose, or sneezing. At the onset, sweating can resolve it; use Jia Wei Xiang Su Yin (Modified Fragrant and Perilla Decoction) (see "Mismanaged Convulsions"). If the primordial Qi (Yuan Qi) is weak, add Renshen (Ginseng Root) and Baizhu (Atractylodes Rhizome). Alternatively, Cong Chi Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction) taken hot to induce sweating is also effective. For severe cases, Renshen Bai Du San (Ginseng and Anti-epidemic Powder) is used; all formulas are seen above under "Mismanaged Convulsions". If wind-cold heat is accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, it belongs to Spleen and Stomach deficiency and timidity; dispersing methods should not be used. Instead, use Wu Ling Yin (Five-Ingredient Poria Decoction) decocted to swallow Li Zhong Wan (Regulate the Middle Pill); see "Non-convulsive".

For Interior Heat, during fever, the child prefers to expose their head and face, lies supine with body extended, throws hands and feet about, removes clothes and blankets, feels thirsty and desires water. Continuous suckling indicates thirst. Hot lips when suckling, dark red urine, and constipation indicate the need to relieve exterior and clear heat: use Dao Chi San (Guide Out Redness Powder) (see "Newborn Crying"), adding Hei Zhi Ren (Black Gardenia Seed), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Rhizome), and Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), each 0.7 fen. For severe constipation, add Zhuang Huang (Rhubarb Rhizome) 0.7 fen. Simultaneously apply the Umbilical Compress Method or Honey Suppository Method to promote bowel movement. If fever occurs daily at Si (9-11 AM) and Wu (11 AM-1 PM) hours and subsides overnight, this is Heart Meridian Blood Heat. Mild cases use Dao Chi San (formula seen under "Newborn"); severe cases use Si Shun Qing Liang San (Four-Obedient Cooling Powder) (formula seen on the next page), without adding other herbs.

Deficiency Heat often follows severe diarrhea, presenting as warm heat or tidal fever (regular like tides), with or without thirst, mental fatigue, limb weakness, and normal urination/defecation; tonification is appropriate: use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) (formula seen above under "Non-convulsive"), adding Pao Jiang (Prepared Ginger) 0.5 fen and three dates (red date flesh). Decoct with clarified water made from 3 liang of Zaoxin Tu (Caoline). For those with tidal fever, add further Jiu Shaos (Wine-fried White Peony Root) 2 liang, Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), and Dan Zhu Ye (Lophatherum Leaf), each 0.6 fen. Fever occurring at night and subsiding at dawn indicates Blood Deficiency; use Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill Decoction) (seen below under "Turtle Chest"), adding Zhi Guiban (Processed Turtle Shell), Danggui, and Baishao (White Peony Root). Additionally, if cold damage presents with no sweat, and fever persists after sweating, or remains after purgation, this indicates both Exterior and Interior Deficiency; use Si Jun Zi Tang (see "Non-convulsive"), adding Shan Yao (Chinese Yam, stir-fried) and Bian Dou (Hyacinth Bean, soaked, shelled, stir-fried), each 2 qian.

Excess Heat presents with red cheeks, dry parotids, dry nostrils, preference for cold, lying prone or supine, exposing limbs, removing clothes/blankets, extreme unceasing thirst, and urinary/defecatory obstruction. Mild purgation is indicated: use Hangxie Dan (Hangxie Pill) from *Ji Cheng* (see "Dysentery" below). Or use Si Shun Qing Liang Sang: Hang Baishao (White Peony Root) 2 qian, Danggui, Zhuang Huang each 1 qian, Zhi Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried) 0.5 fen, added with Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Chuanxiong each 0.8 fen, Zhi Qiao (Immature Bitter Orange) and He Ye (Lotus Leaf) each 0.4 fen, Binglang (Areca Seed) 0.5 fen, Dengcao (Juncus Effusus Stem) 10 stems; decoct in water and take. If stool remains obstinate, use umbilical compress, honey suppository, etc., to promote evacuation. Fevers caused by injury from heat, summer-dampness, or malnutrition accumulation (Gan Ji) are scattered across various sections and detailed in *You You Ji Cheng*; refer to them for consultation.