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[General Discussion] Generally, toothache is attributed to wind-heat invading the Hand and Foot Yangming Stomach Meridians, or arising from deficiency fire flaming upward. Etiologies include heat, wind, cold, parasites (worms), and damp-heat, all of which can cause pain. Methods for clearing fire, removing heat, and killing parasites are listed below.

[Main Formula for Wind-Heat Toothache] Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (3-5 qian; for robust individuals with excessive fire, use raw form 5-7 qian), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), each 1 qian; Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) 2 qian; Qingpi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) 6 fen (do not use for deficient persons); Sheng Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 5 fen. If pain in the upper four central incisors is due to Heart Fire, add Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (stir-fried 8 fen) and Maidong (Ophiopogonis Tuber) (1.5 qian). If pain in the lower four central incisors is due to Kidney Fire, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (stir-fried with salt water) and Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (stir-fried, each 1 qian). If pain in the upper two canine teeth is due to Stomach Fire, add Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) (8 fen) and Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (1 qian). If pain in the lower two canine teeth is due to Spleen Fire, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (8 fen) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (1.2 qian). If pain in the upper left posterior molars is due to Gallbladder Fire, add Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Danshen (not specified, likely referring to a specific herb like Longdancao but text says "Dan Cao", assuming Longdancao Gentianae Radix based on context of clearing fire, however strictly translating as written "Dan Cao" might be ambiguous, usually implies Longdancao in this context or just generic bitter cold herb. Given WHO standards, I will use Longdancao if implied, but text says "Dan Cao". Let's stick to literal "Dan Cao" or interpret as Longdancao. In Ming texts, Dan Cao often refers to Longdancao. I will use Longdancao (Gentianae Radix)). Each 8 fen. If pain in the lower left posterior molars is due to Liver Fire, add Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) (8 fen) and Hei Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus Carbonized) (1 qian). If pain in the upper right posterior molars is due to Large Intestine Fire, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (wine-stir-fried) and Zhike (Aurantii Fructus) (each 1 qian). If pain in the lower right posterior molars is due to Lung Fire, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (wine-stir-fried) and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (each 1 qian). Add herbs according to the meridians, then add Dengxincao (Junci Medulla) 20 stalks. Decoct in water, take warm after meals for three doses, and it will heal. Avoid greasy, fried foods, duck eggs, fermented products, vinegar, etc.

[Ya Tong Qing Wei Tang / Toothache Clearing Stomach Decoction] Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (3 qian), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) (3 qian), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (1 qian), Danpi (Moutan Cortex), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (each 1.5 qian), Shengma ( Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (5 fen). Decoct in water and take. Alternatively, take one Fengtou Litchi (Litchi Chinensis) (or Longyan/Glongan fruit is also acceptable). Make a hole in the shell, fill with salt (until smoke ceases to remove fire toxicity), grind into powder, and apply to the painful area. Hold for a moment. Then decoct Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), and Fumai (Tritici Fructus Levigated) (each 1 qian) in water to rinse the mouth; pain will stop immediately. For wind-parasite toothache, add Huajiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) to the decoction.

[Wind-Fire Toothache] Grind Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) powder with fresh ginger into a paste, stuff into the painful area; pain stops immediately. Or crush Xiangxun Di (Cantharellus umbonatus stem base), moisten, and apply to the painful area; pain stops immediately. Take a coarse bowl, line the bottom with Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), cover with Zhangnao (Camphora), place another bowl on top, seal with salt mud, and roast over mild to strong fire for the time it takes to burn one incense stick. Remove, grind fine to remove fire toxicity. Use 1-2 li to rub the gum roots; pain stops immediately. For parasite teeth, line the bottom with Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium). Alternatively, mix Bajieli (Tribuli Fructus) 1 qian and Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) 0.5 fen, grind fine, and rub when painful.

[Parasite Toothache] Decoct Jiucui Zi (Allii Tuberosi Semen) in thick soup to rinse the mouth; parasites will come out. Take Guanzhong (Cyathulae Radix) 1 liang, boil in more than two bowls of rice vinegar until concentrated. If the left tooth hurts, lie on the left side; if the right hurts, lie on the right side. Do not eat the mixture. Or soften Songzhi (Pini Resina) by heating and insert into the cavity; shortly after, the parasite will emerge onto the resin. Or take Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Coprolithus) three grains the size of rice, have the patient bite it against the painful tooth. Shortly after, rinse with warm water to expel small parasites; pain stops.

[Deficiency Fire Toothache] If other medicines are ineffective, apply Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) 2-3 fen to the affected area; pain stops. Or grind Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 5-7 fen into powder, mix with saliva, and apply to the sole of the foot to guide fire back to its source; pain stops.

[Highly Effective Tooth-Rubbing Formula] Regardless of wind, fire, or parasite pain, initially use Sheng Mingfan (Alumen) 6 liang and Sheng Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 4 liang, grind fine together. Rub teeth morning and evening. (After one dose is used up, increase Alumen by 2 liang and decrease Gypsum by 2 liang, gradually using only raw Alumen alone.) Do not interrupt this practice year-round; one will be free from toothache for life. If wind-toothache medicines are ineffective, burn Fengtou Litchi (Litchi Chinensis) with shell until charred but retaining nature, and rub teeth; highly effective.

[Method to Extract Painful Teeth] Burn Baimawei (Equi Cauda Crinis Carbonized) until ash-like but retaining nature. Dip a new brush in 1-2 li, dab on the gum root; the tooth will fall out immediately. Do not touch healthy teeth. In the twelfth lunar month, take one large crucian carp. Fill its belly with fine powder of Baipi (Arsenicum Album). Hang it in a windy place. Frost will exude onto the scales. Sweep it down and collect it. Apply half a li to the gum root; the tooth will fall out immediately without pain.

[Gingival Bleeding (Ya Xuan)] Roast Si Gua Jin (Luffae Fibra Retis) that has been exposed to frost until charred but retaining nature, grind fine, and apply; bleeding stops. Or soak Kuzhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia) in vinegar overnight, hold in mouth; bleeding stops. If Ya Xuan is severe with pain, take one handful of Sigua Teng (Luffae Caulis), a pinch of Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), and a bunch of Dengxincao (Junci Medulla). Decoct in water to make a thick juice, rinse and spit out; bleeding stops. If bleeding from interdental spaces does not stop, ignite paper, dip in a small amount of Chansu (Toad Venom), insert into the bleeding site; bleeding stops immediately. Internally, decoct Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Huafen (Trichosanthis Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Shenxuan (likely Shenmai or similar, text says Shenxuan, possibly a typo for Shenqu or similar, but literally Shenxuan. I will keep as Shenxuan), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (each 1 qian), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (5 fen). Decoct in water and take. For those whose Ya Xuan does not respond to cooling medicines, nourish Kidney Water and drain Ministerial Fire; it will heal. (Externally, stir-fry Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) with Qingyan (Halitum) until black, grind to powder, and rub.)

[Deficiency Fire Toothache with Bleeding, Gum Pain and Itching] Chao Shaokuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma Stir-fried Black) 2 liang, grind to powder. Rinse mouth thoroughly in the morning and spit out. Before sleep, rub again without rinsing. When saliva fills the mouth, swallow it; it will heal. Or crush Shaokuibu (Drynariae Rhizoma) into a bean-sized ball. Wrap in silk, insert into the painful tooth; pain stops immediately.

[Goose Mouth Dental Ulceration] Yellow skin swelling and ulceration covering the whole mouth. Use E Kou Pi (Goose Mouth Skin/Epidermis? Likely a folk remedy term, possibly referring to a specific fungal or skin lesion material, literally "Goose Mouth Skin"), Ercha (Children's Tea/Catechu), Mazijian (likely a local name for a mineral or herb, possibly Borax or similar alkaline substance, literally "Horse Child Alkali"). Equal parts, add Bingpian (Borneolum Syntheticum) 2 fen, grind uniformly, and apply; it heals spontaneously. For any gum ulceration, regardless of adult or child, applying Renzhongbai (Urinae Humanis Depuratum) ground into powder is most effective.

[Moxibustion Method for Toothache] Du Da Suan (One large garlic clove), Bimazi (Ricini Semen) seven seeds, Zhangnao (Camphora) 1 qian. Grind together and apply to the acupoint at the dorsal root of the thumb (apply to the right thumb if left side hurts, left thumb if right side hurts). Remove when itching occurs. Effective for all types of wind, fire, and parasite toothaches. Alternatively, mash Da Suan (Allii Sativi Bulbus) and Qianfen (Lead White) together, apply according to the method above; highly effective for toothache.