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The "Jiu Gong Ba Feng Pian" (Nine Palaces and Eight Winds Chapter) states: Tai Yi (the star representing the movement of solar terms, i.e., the handle of the Big Dipper) usually resides in the Ye Zhe Palace for forty-six days on the day of Winter Solstice. The next day it resides in the Tian Liu Palace for forty-six days, the next day in the Cang Men Palace for forty-six days, the next day in the Yin Luo Palace for forty-five days, the next day in the Tian Gong Palace for forty-six days, the next day in the Xuan Wei Palace for forty-six days, the next day in the Cang Guo Palace for forty-six days, the next day in the Xin Luo Palace for forty-five days, and then returns to the Ye Zhe Palace, marking the Winter Solstice again. This cycle continues endlessly, ending and beginning anew. When Tai Yi shifts its position, the weather must respond with wind and rain. If there is wind and rain on that day, it is auspicious, indicating a good harvest and healthy people with few illnesses. If wind and rain come early, there will be excessive rain; if they come late, there will be drought. If there are anomalies when Tai Yi is at the Winter Solstice, the omen applies to the ruler; if anomalies occur at the Spring Equinox, the omen applies to the chancellor; if at the Central Palace day, the omen applies to officials; if at the Autumn Equinox, the omen applies to generals; if at the Summer Solstice, the omen applies to the common people. By "anomalies," it means that on the days Tai Yi resides in the five palaces, violent winds break trees and raise sand and gravel. One predicts nobility or baseness based on the direction associated with each palace. Furthermore, one observes from which direction the wind comes to make predictions. Wind coming from the direction where Tai Yi resides is called Real Wind (Shi Feng), which governs growth and nourishes all things. Wind coming from the opposite direction is called Empty Wind (Xu Feng), which harms people and governs destruction and harm. One must carefully guard against and avoid Empty Wind. Thus, the sages say that avoiding the path of Empty Evil is like avoiding arrows and stones; evil cannot harm, which is what this refers to. Therefore, when Tai Yi enters and stands in the Central Palace, it faces the eight winds to predict auspiciousness and inauspiciousness.

Wind coming from the south is named Da Ruo Feng (Great Weak Wind). When it harms people, it internally settles in the Heart, externally affects the vessels, and its qi governs heat. Wind coming from the southwest is named Mou Feng (Plotting Wind). When it harms people, it internally settles in the Spleen, externally affects the muscles, and its qi governs weakness. Wind coming from the west is named Gang Feng (Rigid Wind); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Lungs, externally affects the skin, and its qi governs dryness. Wind coming from the northwest is named Zhe Feng (Breaking Wind); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Small Intestine, externally affects the Hand Taiyang vessel. If the vessel is severed, blood overflows; if blocked, it becomes obstructed, leading to sudden death. Wind coming from the north is named Da Gang Feng (Great Rigid Wind); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Kidneys, externally affects the bones and the lumbar tendons of the shoulder and back, and its qi governs cold. Wind coming from the northeast is named Xiong Feng (Auspicious/Bad Wind - context implies bad); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Large Intestine, externally affects the lower parts of the two ribs, armpits, and joints. Wind coming from the east is named Ying Er Feng (Infant Wind); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Liver, externally affects the tendon junctions, and its qi governs body dampness. Wind coming from the southeast is named Ruo Feng (Weak Wind); when it harms people, it internally settles in the Stomach, externally affects the muscles, and its qi governs heaviness. These eight winds all come from empty directions and can cause disease. When three emptinesses (emptiness of year, month, and season) combine, sudden illness and death occur. With two fullnesses and one emptiness, the disease manifests as lin exposure and alternating chills and fever. Treading on wet and rainy ground leads to flaccidity syndromes. Therefore, sages avoid wind as they would avoid arrows and stones. If one has three emptinesses and is partially struck by evil wind, it results in collapse and hemiplegia.

In the "Sui Lu Lun" (Yearly Dew Chapter): Huang Di asked Shao Shi, saying, "I have heard that the four seasons and eight winds affect humans, resulting in cold and heat. In cold, the skin tightens and pores close; in heat, the skin relaxes and pores open. Do thief winds and evil qi thus enter? Or must one encounter the Empty Evil of the Eight Normals to be harmed?" Shao Shi replied, "Not so. Thief winds and evil qi do not strike humans at fixed times. However, if they enter when pores are open, the invasion is deep, internal pathology is extreme, and onset is sudden and violent; if they enter when pores are closed, the invasion is shallow and lingering, and progression is slow." Huang Di said, "If climate is moderate and pores are not open, yet sudden illness occurs, why?" Shao Shi said, "Even in daily life, the opening and closing of pores vary at times. Humans correspond to heaven and earth, and to the sun and moon. When the moon is full, seawater swells in the west, human blood and qi accumulate, muscles are full, skin is dense, hair is firm, pores close, and smoke-dust adheres. At this time, even if encountering thief wind, invasion is shallow. When the moon is dark (waning), seawater swells in the east. Human blood and qi are deficient, Wei Qi departs, form stands alone, muscles diminish, skin relaxes, pores open, hair falls out, pores thin, and smoke-dust falls off. At this time, encountering thief wind leads to deep invasion and sudden, violent illness." Huang Di said, "What causes sudden death or severe illness?" Shao Shi said, "Encountering Three Emptinesses leads to sudden death; obtaining Three Fullnesses prevents evil from harming." Huang Di asked about the Three Emptinesses. He answered, "When the year's qi is declining, the moon is waning, and seasonal harmony is lost, and one is injured by thief wind, this is called Three Emptinesses. Thus, those who do not understand Three Emptinesses are crude physicians." Huang Di asked about Three Fullnesses. Shao Shi said, "When the year's qi is prosperous, the moon is full, and seasonal harmony is obtained, even with thief wind and evil qi, one cannot be endangered." Huang Di asked why diseases are similar across years. Shao Shi said, "This is the observation of the Eight Normals. Observation begins on Winter Solstice when Tai Yi stands in Ye Zhe Palace. Heaven responds with wind and rain. Wind and rain from the south are Empty Evil, harming people. If they arrive at midnight, people sleep and are not harmed, so few get sick. If they arrive during the day, people are lax and are struck by Empty Evil, so many get sick. Empty evil enters the bone but does not manifest externally. At Start of Spring, Yang qi expands greatly, pores open. If wind from the west strikes on Start of Spring, people are struck by Empty Evil again. These two evils combine, causing stagnation in the meridians. Encountering wind and rain is called 'Sui Lu' (Yearly Dew). With harmonious years and few thief winds, people are few in sickness and death; with many thief winds and disharmonious cold/heat, people suffer much sickness and death."

In the "Ba Zheng Shen Ming Lun" (Eight Normals and Divine Clarity Chapter): Huang Di asked, "What are the signs of stars and Eight Normals?" Qi Bo said, "Stars regulate the movement of the sun and moon; Eight Normals observe the Empty Evil of the eight winds arriving at their proper times. Four Seasons divide the qi of spring, summer, autumn, and winter for timely regulation. One must avoid the Empty Evil of the Eight Normals. Using bodily deficiency combined with heavenly deficiency, two deficiences interact, qi reaches the bone, and entering inward damages the Five Zang organs. A skilled physician observing and rescuing can prevent damage. Thus, heavenly taboos must be known. Empty Evil is the Empty Evil qi of the Eight Normals. Regular Evil is when the body exerts force, sweats, pores open, and encounters Empty Wind; the invasion is slight. Its nature is unknown, its form unseen."

In the "Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun" (Great Treatise on Yin-Yang Correspondence to Phenomena): It says, "Excess wind causes tremors, excess heat causes swelling, excess dryness causes dryness, excess cold causes edema, excess dampness causes loose stools. Injury to cold in winter leads to warm diseases in spring; injury to wind in spring leads to undigested food diarrhea in summer. Heavenly qi connects to the Lungs, earthly qi connects to the throat, wind qi connects to the Liver, thunder qi connects to the Heart, grain qi connects to the Spleen, rain qi connects to the Kidneys. Yang sweat is named after heavenly rain; Yang movement is named after heavenly fierce wind. Evil wind arrives swiftly like wind and rain. The skilled healer treats the skin and hair first, then muscle and skin, then sinews and vessels, then Six Fu organs, then Five Zang organs. Treating the Five Zang organs results in half death, half survival. Heavenly evil qi damages the Five Zang; water and food cold/heat damage the Six Fu; earthly dampness damages skin, flesh, sinews, and vessels. The East generates wind, wind generates wood, wood generates sour taste, sour taste generates the Liver, Liver generates sinews, sinews generate the Heart. Spirit in heaven is wind, in earth is wood, in body is sinew, in zang is Liver, in color is green/blue, in sound is Jue note, in voice is shouting, in change is grasping/spasms, in orifice is eye, in taste is sour, in emotion is anger. Wind damages sinews, dryness overcomes wind, wind overcomes dampness."

In the "Feng Lun" (Wind Discussion): Huang Di asked, "Wind harms humans, causing chills and fever, interior heat, interior cold, leprosy, hemiplegia, or wind diseases. Symptoms differ, names differ. Some reach the Five Zang and Six Fu. I wish to hear the explanation." Qi Bo replied, "Wind qi hides between the skin, unable to circulate inward or escape outward. Wind moves quickly and changes often. Pores open cause shivering cold; pores close cause heat and oppression. Cold reduces appetite; heat consumes muscle, causing trembling and inability to eat, named Chills and Fever. Wind qi entering the Stomach via the Yangming channel ascends to the inner canthus. In fat people, wind cannot escape, causing interior heat and yellow eyes; in thin people, it escapes causing cold and tearing. Wind entering the Taiyang channel spreads through acupoints and muscle spaces, interfering with Wei Qi, causing swelling and ulcers, and stasis leading to numbness. Leprosy involves hot Ying Qi and turbid qi, destroying the nasal bridge and ruining complexion/skin. Wind-cold lodging in vessels is called Leprosy or Chills and Fever. Wind injuring Wood days (Spring) is Liver Wind; Fire days (Summer) is Heart Wind; Earth days (Late Summer) is Spleen Wind; Metal days (Autumn) is Lung Wind; Water days (Winter) is Kidney Wind. Wind entering acupoints of Zang/Fu creates Zang/FU Wind. Wind ascending via Fengfu creates Brain Wind. Wind entering head connections creates Eye Wind/Cold. Wind after drinking creates Leakage Wind. Wind after intercourse with sweat creates Interior Wind. Wind after washing hair creates Head Wind. Long-term wind entering middle creates Intestinal Wind/Diarrhea. Wind in pores creates Leakage Wind. Thus, wind is the chief of hundred diseases, changing into others without fixed location but always involving wind qi. Huang Di asked about shapes of Zang winds. Qi Bo said: Lung Wind: sweating, aversion to wind, pale face, cough, shortness of breath, better by day, worse by night; diagnosis at brow, color white. Heart Wind: sweating, aversion to wind, dryness, irritability, red face, speech difficulty when severe; diagnosis at mouth, color red. Liver Wind: sweating, aversion to wind, sadness, bluish face, dry throat, irritability, aversion to women; diagnosis under eyes, color green. Spleen Wind: sweating, aversion to wind, lethargy, desire to move limbs less, pale yellow face, poor appetite; diagnosis at nose, color yellow. Kidney Wind: sweating, aversion to wind, facial edema, back pain, inability to stand straight, blackish color, urinary difficulty; diagnosis at muscles, color black. Stomach Wind: neck sweating, aversion to wind, inability to swallow, chest obstruction, abdominal distension, worsening when cold, diarrhea when eating cold; diagnosis shows thin body with large abdomen. Head Wind: head/face sweating, aversion to wind, worse day before wind, headache preventing going out; improves on windy day. Leakage Wind: excessive sweating, cannot wear single clothes, sweating while eating, whole-body sweating, panting, aversion to wind, wet clothes, dry mouth/thirst, inability to labor. Leakage Wind (from pores): sweating soaking clothes, dry mouth, inability to labor, body pain and chills."

In the "Yu Ji Zhen Cang Lun" (True Stored Qi Pulse Chapter): It says, "Wind is the chief of hundred diseases. Now wind-cold lodges in humans, making hairs stand erect and skin close, generating heat. At this time, sweating can release it. Or bi syndrome with numbness/pain/swelling can be treated with hot compresses, moxibustion, or acupuncture. If untreated, disease enters the Lungs, named Lung Bi, with cough and rebellious qi. If untreated, it transmits to the Liver, named Liver Bi or Jue, with hypochondriac pain and vomiting. Massage or ear acupuncture can treat this. If untreated, Liver transmits to Spleen, named Spleen Wind, with jaundice, abdominal heat, vexation, and yellow discharge. Massage, herbs, or baths can treat this. If untreated, Spleen transmits to Kidneys, named Shan Jia, with lower abdominal heat/pain and white discharge, also named Gu. Massage and herbs can treat this. If untreated, Kidneys transmit to Heart, causing spasmodic jerking, named Yuan. Moxibustion and herbs can treat this. If untreated, after ten days, death is expected. Kidney transmitting to Heart, Heart transmitting back to Lungs, causing chills/fever, leads to death in three years. This is the sequence of transmission."

In the "Jin Gui Zhen Yan Lun" (Golden Cabinet True Words Chapter): Emperor asked, "Heaven has Eight Winds, Meridians have Five Winds, what does this mean?" Qi Bo said, "Eight Winds generate evil, becoming Meridian Wind, touching Five Zang, causing disease. 'Winning of Four Seasons' means Spring wins Late Summer, Late Summer wins Winter, Winter wins Summer, Summer wins Autumn, Autumn wins Spring. East wind arises in Spring, disease in Liver, acupoint at neck/neck; South wind in Summer, disease in Heart, acupoint at chest/hypochondrium; West wind in Autumn, disease in Lungs, acupoint at shoulder/back; North wind in Winter, disease in Kidneys, acupoint at waist/thighs; Center is Earth, disease in Spleen, acupoint at spine. Thus, Spring qi disease is in head, Summer in Zang, Autumn in shoulder/back, Winter in limbs. Spring prone to rhinitis/epistaxis, mid-summer to chest/hypochondriac pain, late summer to severe diarrhea/cold middle, autumn to wind-malaria, winter to bi/jue. Summer heat without sweat leads to autumn wind-malaria."

In the "Tiao Jing Lun" (Regulating Meridians Chapter): It says, "Wind and rain harm humans, first lodging in skin, transmitting to Sun vessels. Sun vessel fullness transmits to Luo vessels; Luo fullness transmits to Large Meridians. Blood/qi and evil combine in fen cou, pulse becomes firm and large, named Excess. Excess is firm and full externally, painful on pressure. Cold-damp harms humans, skin fails to contract, muscles tighten, Ying blood stagnates, Wei Qi departs, named Deficiency. Deficiency is fragile qi insufficiency; pressure warms it, bringing relief without pain."

In the "Tai Yin Yang Ming Lun" (Taiyin and Yangming Chapter): It says, "Those violating thief wind/empty evil are affected by Yang. Yang invasion enters Six Fu, causing fever, restlessness, and upper respiratory distress. Yang receives wind qi, Yin receives dampness. Wind injury affects the upper first; damp injury affects the lower first."

In the "Sheng Qi Tong Tian Lun" (Living Qi Connecting to Heaven Chapter): It says, "Wind is the beginning of hundred diseases. Tranquility closes skin/pores, resisting even great wind/toxin, following seasonal order. Exposure to wind causes chills/fever. Spring wind injury lingers causing severe diarrhea. Summer heat injury causes autumn cough/malaria. Autumn damp injury causes upper reverse cough and flaccidity/jue. Winter cold injury causes spring warm disease. Four Seasonal qi alternately damage Five Zang."

In the "Bai Bing Shi Sheng Pian" (Hundred Diseases Origin Chapter): Emperor asked, "Hundred diseases originate from wind/rain/cold/heat, clear/damp/joy/anger. Three Regions' qi harm differently. I wish to know their convergence." Qi Bo said, "Three Regions' qi differ, some starting in Yin, some in Yang. Joy/anger unregulated damage Zang, starting in Yin. Clear/damp attacking deficiency starts below. Wind/cold attacking deficiency starts above. This is Three Regions. Their excesses are countless. Qi Bo said, "Wind/rain/cold/heat cannot harm alone without deficiency. Sudden storm without illness implies no deficiency. Evil must meet bodily deficiency (Two Deficiencies interacting) to lodge. Combining timing, body, and excess/deficiency creates major disease. Qi has fixed abodes, named by location, divided into Upper/Middle/Lower. Thus, Empty Evil enters skin; loose skin opens pores, evil enters hair, goes deep, hairs stand, causing chill and skin pain. Lingering, it transmits to Luo vessels, causing muscle pain. Lingering, to Main Meridians, causing chills/fright. Lingering, to Transport points, causing meridian blockage, limb/joint pain, stiff back. Lingering, to Deep Chong vessels, causing heavy body/pain. Lingering, to Intestines/Stomach, causing rumbling/bloating; cold causes diarrhea, heat causes loose stool. Lingering outside intestines/stomach, between Mu Yuan, staying in vessels, forms masses. Evil excesses are incalculable. Emperor asked treatment. Qi Bo said, "Observe pain to know response, tonify excess, drain deficiency, do not defy heaven, this is supreme treatment."

In the "Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing Pian" (Evil Qi Zang Fu Disease Form Chapter): It says, "All Yang converges in the face. Invasion happens during deficiency or new exertion. Eating/sweating opens pores, inviting evil. Face invasion follows Yangming; neck follows Taiyang; cheek follows Shaoyang; chest/back/flanks follow their respective meridians. Empty Evil causes shivering/changing form. Regular Evil is slight, seen in color first, unknown in body, subtle, hard to define."

In the "Ci Jie Zhen Xie Lun" (Acupuncture Joint True Evil Chapter): It says, "Empty Evil causes shivering, raising hairs, opening pores. Deep invasion gripping bone causes Bone Bi. Gripping sinew causes spasm. Gripping vessel causes blood blockage and abscess. Gripping flesh interacting with Wei Qi: Yang excess causes heat, Yin excess causes cold (true qi departs, leading to deficiency/cold). Between skin, qi emits, pores open, hairs shake, qi moves causing itch. Lingering causes Bi. Wei Qi blockage causes numbness. Empty Evil lodging half-body deeply, depleting Ying/Wei, leaving true qi, evil remains causing hemiplegia. Shallow evil causes unilateral vessel pain. Deep Empty Evil with cold/heat interaction: Cold winning causes bone pain/muscle wasting; Heat winning causes rotting flesh/pus. Internal bone damage causes bone erosion."

In the "Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun" (Pulse Essentials Chapter): It says, "Wind becomes chills/fever, long-term wind becomes undigested food diarrhea, pulse wind becomes leprosy. Slow onset, rapid resolution, upper deficiency/lower excess indicates aversion to wind. Those struck by evil wind receive Qi in Yang."

In the "Shou Yao Gang Rou Pian" (Longevity/Short Life Hard/Soft Chapter): It says, "Disease in Yang is named Wind. Disease in Yin is named Bi. Both Yin/Yang diseased is named Wind-Bi. Wind/cold damage form; worry/fear/anger damage qi."

In the "Tong Ping Xu Shi Lun" (Equal Assessment of Deficiency/Excess Chapter): It says, "Diseases not from internal/external wind-strike result in emaciation and lingering. Limping is a disease of wind-cold-damp."