既述目色之提纲。当集目色之条目。谨按金匮要略云。目色青为痛。色黑为劳。色赤为风。色黄者便难。色
鲜明者有留饮。此固目色之要略也。然析而论之。又各不同。如白珠色赤者风也。目赤从内 始者。阴阳
二跷之病也。目色淡红者。虚热也。伤寒厥逆。目脉赤。睛不慧者。热多厥少也。面赤目脉赤。独头摇。卒口噤。
背反张者。痉也。少阳中风。两耳无所闻。目赤。胸中满而烦者。不可吐下。则悸而惊也。病者脉数无热。汗出
微烦。默默但欲卧。初得之三四日。目赤如鸠眼。七八日四 黑。若能食者。内痈之脓已成也。眼如醉眼而
含泪。发热腮赤。指梢冷者。痘疹也。伤寒目 红者。将发疹疡之兆也。疳病上攻于眼。时痒赤烂。眼胞肿疼。
白睛起膜。大时流泪。闭目羞明者。眼疳也。白珠色鲜明者。有留饮也。眼白失色者。胆蒸也。目色及目
肉。爪甲俱白者。血亏也。目下有卧蚕。面目鲜泽。脉伏者。病水而消渴也。面赤目白者。忧恚思虑。心气内索
也。面黑目白者。肾气内伤。病因留积也。肝先病。目则为之无色。肝前死。目则为之脱精者。神气先衰也。白
珠色青者痛也。面目青。身痛如被杖。咽喉痛者。阴毒也。面黄目青者。风入胃。胆气泄也。面目爪甲皆青。眼
生眵泪。摇头揉目。眼涩难睁。腹大筋青。羸瘦烦渴。粪青如苔者。肝疳也。白珠色黄者。小便难也。面赤目黄
者。心主所生病也。目黄善笑者。心所生病也。肥人目黄者。风热在阳明也。伤寒发汗已。身目为黄者。寒湿
在里不解也。尺脉浮。目睛晕黄者。衄未止也。目晕黄。去而慧了者。知衄今止也。外感目色若赤若黄者。邪
已传里也。白睛淡黄者。脾虚泄利也。目黄如金者。将发黄也。目黄且浊如烟熏者。黄胆湿甚也。目老黄色
者。湿热也。黄如橘明者。黄胆湿热也。面黄、目黄、溺黄、齿垢黄、爪甲上黄者。黄胆也。目黄白目胞肿者。谷疸
也。目淡黄色者。积聚也。目黄青紫脉芤者。瘀血在胸中也。妇人眉低眼皱。目色微黄。其脉阴搏阳别者。妊
子也。病患目黄而大烦。脉不和者。其病为进。以其邪胜也。黑珠纯是黄色者。凶证也。白珠色黑者。劳也。五
劳虚极羸瘦。腹满不能饮食。肌肤甲错。两目黯黑者。内有干血也。目黑颊赤者。痰也。目黑面黄者。四肢痿
痹也。面白目黑者。荣华已去。血脉空索也。瞳子内不见黑莹。或红紫。或青白者。血贯瞳仁。目病而人不久
也。瞳仁变绿者。绿水灌瞳仁。难治之症也。瞳黄唇白。面红中有青点者。中风之先兆也。瞳仁或微黄。或淡
白者。肾虚也。瞳仁或散大。或集小者。皆肾虚也。瞳仁散大。左右不均者。中风极险之证也。病者瞳仁渐散
渐大。不能舒缩。视一物见两形。手足摇颤。面色青白。身出冷汗。二便遗泄。不省人事者。死证也。瞳仁无光
彩。发黄者。肾气不足也。晚视不见。瞳子如金色者。名曰黄风。不治之证也。瞳仁黑减。或停滞不活者。目将
坏也。目无精光。牙齿黑者。瘰 不治之候也。目无精华者。肾精枯涸也。羸瘦气少无力。身无膏泽。眼无精
光。立不能定。身体苦痒者。精极也。眼目青盲者。精不灌目也。目无神者。寿促之征也。目无光者。命绝之候
也。目光晦暗者。此为神短。病死之候也。目光清莹。了了分明者。此为神足。不病之候也。若夫寒热瘰 。反
其目视之。中有赤脉。上下贯瞳子。见一脉。一岁死。见一脉半。一岁半死。见二脉。二岁死。见二脉半。二岁半
死。见三脉。三岁死。其赤脉不下贯瞳子者。可治也。此皆目之气色也。
Having discussed the general principles of eye color diagnosis, we now compile the specific entries. According to *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet): Eye color green indicates pain; black indicates exhaustion (Lao); red indicates wind; yellow indicates difficulty in defecation; and a bright, lustrous color indicates retained fluid (Liuyin). This constitutes the essential overview of eye color diagnosis. However, upon detailed analysis, the manifestations vary. For instance: Redness of the sclera indicates wind pathogen; redness starting from the interior of the eye indicates pathology of the Yin and Yang Qiao vessels (Yin Qiao Mai and Yang Qiao Mai); pale red eye color indicates deficiency-heat; in Taiyang Cold Damage with cold extremities, if the eye vessels are red and the eyes lack clarity, it indicates excess heat with insufficient yang circulation (Re Duo Jue Shao); if the face is red, eye vessels are red, accompanied by head tremor, sudden lockjaw, and opisthotonos, it is Jing disease (Spasm disease); in Shaoyang Wind Strike, with bilateral deafness, red eyes, chest fullness, and irritability, emetic and purgative methods must not be used, lest palpitations and fright occur; if the patient has a rapid pulse but no fever, sweating, slight irritability, and a desire to lie down silently, and after three to four days the eyes become red like a dove's eyes, turning black at the corners by the seventh or eighth day, yet the patient can eat, it indicates that an internal abscess pus has formed; eyes resembling drunken eyes holding tears, with fever, red cheeks, and cold fingertips indicate variola (smallpox) or exanthems; red eyes in Cold Damage indicate an impending eruption of rashes or sores; when Gan disease (infantile malnutrition syndrome) attacks the eyes, causing itching, redness, ulceration, swollen eyelids, membrane formation on the sclera, tearing, and photophobia, it is called Yan Gan (Eye Gan); bright white sclera indicates retained fluid; loss of luster in the sclera indicates steaming heat in the Gallbladder; whiteness in the eye color, eyelid flesh, and nails indicates blood deficiency; "lying silkworm" swelling under the eyes, glossy complexion, and deep pulse indicate water disease (Edema) combined with Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst); red face with white eyes indicates heart qi depletion due to worry and anxiety; black face with white eyes indicates kidney qi injury with stagnant pathogens; if the Liver is diseased first, the eyes lose their spirit (colorlessness); before death from liver failure, the eyes show depletion of essence (spirit decline); green sclera indicates pain; green face and eyes, body pain as if beaten, and sore throat indicate Yin Du (Yin Toxin); yellow face with green eyes indicates wind entering the Stomach and leakage of Gallbladder qi; green face, eyes, and nails, with discharge, head shaking, eye rubbing, dryness, abdominal distension with visible veins, emaciation, thirst, and green stool like moss indicates Gan Gan (Liver Gan); yellow sclera indicates difficult urination; red face with yellow eyes indicates disease originating from the Heart Master; yellow eyes with excessive laughter indicates disease of the Heart; yellow eyes in obese individuals indicate wind-heat in the Yangming channel; jaundice of the body and eyes after sweating in Cold Damage indicates unresolved cold-dampness in the interior; floating Radial Pulse (Chi Mai) with halos around the eyeballs indicates unceasing epistaxis; fading of the halos and return of clear vision indicate cessation of epistaxis; red or yellow eye colors in external contraction indicate transmission of pathogenic factors into the interior; pale yellow sclera indicates Spleen deficiency with diarrhea; golden-yellow eyes indicate impending jaundice; turbid, smoke-like yellow eyes indicate severe dampness in Jaundice; old yellow eyes indicate damp-heat; bright orange-yellow eyes indicate damp-heat in Jaundice; yellow face, eyes, urine, dental plaque, and nails indicate Jaundice; yellow eyes with swollen eyelids indicate Gu Dan (Grain Jaundice); pale yellow eyes indicate accumulation masses; yellow eyes with cyanotic, knotted pulses indicate blood stasis in the chest; low eyebrows, wrinkled eyes, slightly yellow eye color, and distinct yin pulse in women indicate pregnancy; yellow eyes with severe irritability and discordant pulse indicate disease progression due to excess pathogen; pure yellow iris indicates a fatal prognosis; black sclera indicates exhaustion; extreme deficiency from five labors, emaciation, abdominal fullness, anorexia, skin scaling, and dark eyes indicate internal dry blood (chronic blood stasis); black eyes with red cheeks indicate phlegm; black eyes with yellow face indicate limb flaccidity and bi-syndrome; white face with black eyes indicates loss of luster and empty blood vessels; absence of black luster in the pupil, or presence of red-purple or blue-white, indicates blood penetrating the pupil (severe ocular hemorrhage), a sign of imminent death; green pupil indicates Green Water Penetrating Pupil (glaucoma), a difficult-to-treat condition; yellow pupil with white lips and bluish spots on a red face indicates premonitory signs of stroke; slightly yellow or pale white pupils indicate Kidney deficiency; dilated or constricted pupils both indicate Kidney deficiency; asymmetrically dilated pupils indicate a critical stage of stroke; gradually dilating pupils unable to constrict, diplopia, tremors, cyanotic-pale face, cold sweat, incontinence, and unconsciousness indicate a fatal case; dull, yellowish pupils indicate insufficient Kidney qi; inability to see at night with golden pupils is named Huang Feng (Yellow Wind), an incurable condition; reduced or immobile black pigment in the pupil indicates impending blindness; lack of brilliance in eyes and black teeth indicate incurable Luoli (scrofula); lack of essence in eyes indicates exhaustion of Kidney essence; emaciation, shortness of breath, weakness, lack of bodily luster, dull eyes, instability, and pruritus indicate Jing Ji (Extreme Essence Depletion); blindness (Qing Mang) indicates essence failing to nourish the eyes; lack of spirit in eyes indicates shortened lifespan; lack of light in eyes indicates approaching death; dull gaze indicates shortness of spirit and impending death; clear, bright, and distinct gaze indicates sufficient spirit and health; regarding cold-heat and Luoli, observing the eye reveals red vessels passing through the pupil vertically: one vessel indicates death in one year; one and a half vessels in one and a half years; two vessels in two years; two and a half vessels in two and a half years; three vessels in three years; if the red vessels do not pass through the pupil, the condition is treatable. These are all manifestations of Qi and color in the eyes.