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Purgative, insecticidal, and capable of resolving masses.
Acrid and cold in nature. It kills parasites, breaks up mass accumulations (zheng ji), and treats regurgitation (fan wei). (Zu Taizhi recorded in *Zhiguai*: Once, a man and his servant both suffered from heart and abdominal pain. After the servant died, an autopsy revealed a live turtle inside. Various medicines were administered into its mouth, but it did not die. A person riding a white horse came to observe; when horse urine dripped onto the turtle, the turtle shrank. The urine was then used to irrigate/give to the patient, and the turtle dissolved into water. The master subsequently took horse urine and recovered.)

Purgative and insecticidal.
Acrid and cold in nature. It kills parasites and treats regurgitation and dysphagia (must be taken hot). Zhang Wenzhong stated in *Beiji Fang*: "I once suffered from regurgitation and was treated by imperial decree, but could not be cured. A guard said that taking donkey dung is highly effective. I took two he, vomited only half, took another two he, and after eating porridge, the condition stabilized. Five or six people in the palace suffering from regurgitation took it together and all recovered."

Mildly tonifying and moistening.
Sweet and neutral in nature. It clears the Lung and nourishes the Liver, nourishes the Kidney and benefits Qi (The Lung governs Qi, the Kidney grasps Qi), harmonizes blood and nourishes Yin (The Liver stores blood, blood belongs to Yin), dispels wind and resolves phlegm, moistens dryness and calms asthma, and promotes urination through the Large and Small Intestines. It treats deficiency-type consumption cough, lung abscess with pus expectoration, hematemesis and epistaxis, bloody strangury and hemorrhoids, intestinal wind with dysentery (for dysentery caused by summerheat and latent heat, it must be used; especially suitable for bloody dysentery during pregnancy), soreness and weakness of the waist and bones, blood pain and blood exhaustion, irregular menstruation, metrorrhagia, leukorrhea, and fetal restlessness (if there is bleeding during pregnancy, decoct with wine). Contraindicated for carbuncles, sores, toxic swellings, all wind diseases, and diarrhea. (Generally, it supplements blood and fluids, serving as a key herb for the Lung and Large Intestine. Kou Zongshi said: Donkey skin gelatin is used for its ability to disperse pathogens on the skin surface. Black donkey skin is chosen because black corresponds to Water, which controls Heat that generates Wind, thus it also treats wind diseases. Chen Ziming said: For deficiency tonification, use ox hide gelatin; for dispelling wind, use donkey hide gelatin. Yang Shiying said: For children with convulsions where the pupils are misaligned afterward, using Ejiao with double the amount of Renshen is most effective. Ejiao nourishes the spirit, while Renshen benefits Qi. Note: Ajing is a subterranean flow of the Ji River; its nature tends downward. When used to stir turbid water, it clarifies it. Therefore, it treats blood stasis, turbidity, and rebellious phlegm.) It is prepared by decocting black donkey skin with water from Ajing (Su Song noted: *Ben Jing* also mentions using ox hide for Ejiao, seeing that the two gelatins can be used interchangeably. However, ox hide gelatin is often poorly processed and thus inferior). Authentic product is black, lustrous, slightly greenish, and does not soften in summer. It can be cut into pieces and fried until popping into beads, or fried with flour, clam shell powder (to resolve phlegm), or Puhuang (to stop bleeding). It can be melted in wine, melted in water, or used combined with child's urine. It works well when heated. Shanyao acts as a guiding herb. It is incompatible with Dahuang.