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Classified as one category containing two species. Those produced in the native regions of China are called *Duhuo* (Radix Angelicae Pubescentis). Those produced in Qiangzhong (ancient region covering parts of modern Sichuan and Gansu) are called *Qianghuo* (Rhizoma Notopterygii). Currently, they are distinguished by morphology: those with a hollow or loose texture, larger size, white radial patterns resembling "ghost eyes" in the cross-section, sparse nodes, and yellowish color are *Duhuo*. Those with purplish color, dense nodes, and a pungent aroma are *Qianghuo*.

Indications: Dispels all types of wind pathogens; treats pain in all joints, numbness, soreness and pain, and stiffness making neck extension difficult. It dissipates carbuncles, ulcers, and stagnant blood.

*Duhuo Jisheng Tang* (Duhuo and Sangjisheng Decoction): *Duhuo*, *Sangjisheng* (Taxilli Ramulus), *Duzhong* (Eucommiae Cortex, peeled, sliced, stir-fried with ginger juice until fibers break), *Niuxi* (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, soaked in wine), *Beixixin* (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), *Qinjiao* (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), *Baifuling* (Poria), *Guixin* (Cinnamomi Ramulus), *Fangfeng* (Saposhnikoviae Radix), *Chuanxiong* (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, washed with wine), *Renshen* (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), each 1.5 qian. *Zhigancao* (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma preparata), *Danggui* (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, washed with wine), *Baishao* (Paeoniae Radix Alba, stir-fried with wine), *Shudi* (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), each 1 qian. Add two large bowls of water and three slices of fresh ginger. Decoct until only 70% remains. Take warm before meals. If qi deficiency leads to diarrhea, remove Shudi. This formula treats liver and kidney deficiency, or cold-dampness invading internally due to sleeping on wet ground or washing feet while exposed to wind, resulting in lumbar spasm and tendon contraction/pain. It also treats wind-cold invading the lower limbs due to exposure to wind while cooling off, causing hemiplegia, cold-bi syndrome, weakness, and pain; purple or broken skin/flesh; low back pain radiating to heavy legs and difficult walking; cold sensation in the lower abdomen, back, and waist during pregnancy; postpartum abdominal pain preventing movement, lumbar and leg spasms preventing flexion and extension; bi-syndrome weakness, and foot wind disorders.

*Qianghuo Chonghe Tang* (Qianghuo and Chonghe Decoction): *Qianghuo* 1.5 qian, *Fangfeng*, *Baizhi*, *Shengdihuang*, *Cangzhu*, *Huangqin*, each 1 qian; *Xixin*, *Shengcaozhi* (Raw Licorice), each 0.5 qian; *Chuanxiong* 2 qian. Add three scallion heads, one slice of fresh ginger, and two red dates. Decoct in water and take after meals. Treats various cold syndromes in spring, summer, and autumn. If headache originates from the back of the vertex, double the dosage of *Qianghuo* and add *Gaoben* (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma); if originating from behind the ears, add *Chaihu* (Bupleuri Radix); if radiating from the Taiyang channel to the forehead and eyes, double *Baizhi* and add *Gegen* (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) and *Shigao* (Gypsum Fibrosum). [Text missing here]. If headache is accompanied by abdominal pain and heaviness of the body, double *Cangzhu*; if accompanied by cold qi rising from the feet, double *Xixin*; for severe cases, add *Mahuang* (Ephedrae Herba) and *Shengfuzi* (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata - raw), and reduce *Huangqin*; if accompanied by vomiting of saliva/phlegm and cold extremities, add *Wuzhuyu* (Evodiae Fructus); if accompanied by heat-fire and thirst, double *Huangqin* and add raw *Shigao*; if constipated, add raw *Dasheng* (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma); if headache with phlegm-spitting but without cold extremities, add *Banxia* (Pinelliae Tuber).

*Qianghuo Tuiyi Tang* (Qianghuo and Eyecataract-Dispersing Decoction): *Qianghuo* 1.5 qian, *Fangfeng* 1 qian, *Bohe* (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), *Jingjie* (Schizonepetae Spica), *Gaoben*, each 0.7 fen; *Zhimu* (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, processed with wine) 0.5 fen; *Huangbai* (Phellodendri Cortex, processed with wine) 0.4 fen; *Danggui*, *Chuanxiong*, each 0.3 fen; *Mahuang*, *Shengdihuang* (processed with wine), each 0.2 fen; *Chuanjiao* (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium), *Xixin*, each 0.1 fen. Decoct in water and take orally. Treats yin-yang nebula (cataracts/eye opacities). For various types of headache, wind disorders, eye pain, and eye nebula, this formula should be used as the principal medicine.