（痰有六∶湿、热、风、寒、食、气也。饮有五∶支、留、伏、溢、悬也。皆生于湿）
【风寒湿郁】〔草部〕半夏（行湿下气，湿去则涎燥，气下则痰降，乃痰饮主药。
法制半夏可咀嚼。胸膈痰壅，姜汁作饼煎服；停痰冷冻饮料，同橘皮煎服；中焦痰涎，同
枯矾丸服；结痰不出，同桂心、草乌头丸服；支饮作呕，同生姜、茯苓煎服；风痰湿
痰，清壶丸。风痰，辰砂化痰丸；气痰，三仙丸；惊痰，辰砂半夏丸；老人风痰，半
夏消石丸；小儿痰热，同南星入牛胆阴干丸服。） 天南星（除痰燥湿。壮人风痰，同
木香、生姜煎服；痰迷心窍，寿星丸；小儿风痰，抱龙丸。） 苍术（消痰水，解湿郁
，治痰夹淤血
同姜、桂丸服。） 旋复花（胸上痰结，唾如胶漆，及膀胱留饮，焙研蜜丸服。）
威灵仙（心膈痰水，宿脓久积。停痰宿饮，喘咳呕逆，同半夏、皂角水丸。） 麻黄（
散肺经火郁，止好唾痰喘。） 细辛（破痰利水，开胸中滞结。） 薄荷（小儿风涎要药
。） 苏子（治风顺气消痰。） 佛耳草（除痰压时气。） 附子（胃冷湿痰呕吐，同半夏
、生姜丸服。） 乌头 天雄 白附子（并主风痰湿痰。） 草乌头（胸上冷痰，食不下
，心腹冷痰作痛。） 紫金牛（风痰。） 百两金（风涎。） 艾叶（口吐清水，煎服。）
防己（膈间支饮喘满，木防己汤。） 葶苈（胸中痰饮结气。） 人参（胸中痰，变酸
水，逆黄。） 肉豆蔻
草豆蔻 高良姜 廉姜 荜茇 红豆蔻 酱 野狼毒 〔菜谷〕干姜（并主冷痰，
燥湿温中。） 生姜（除湿去痰下气。痰厥卒风，同附子，煎服。） 芥及子 白芥子
（痰在胁下及皮里膜外，非此莫除。同白术丸服。同苏子、莱菔子丸，下痰。） 米
醋烧酒〔果木〕木瓜 楂子 橙皮 柚皮（并去湿痰水唾。） 橘皮（除湿
痰留饮，呕哕反胃。二陈汤。润下丸。宽中丸。痰膈胸中热胀，水煎服；嘈杂吐清
水，为末舐之；下焦冷痰，丸服。） 槟榔（消谷下气，逐水除痰 ，为末汤服；呕
吐痰水，同橘皮煎或末服。） 大腹皮 都念子 都咸子 蜀椒（温中除湿，心腹留
饮。椒目，同巴豆丸服，治留饮腹痛。）吴茱萸（厥阴痰涎。） 胡椒 毕澄茄 浓朴
（消痰温
杉材（肺壅痰滞。） 皂荚（胸中痰结， 汁熬膏丸服；一切痰气，烧研同莱菔子丸服
；钓痰丸，同半夏、白矾丸含。子及木皮，并治风痰。） 白杨皮（浸酒化痰 。）
槐胶（一切风涎。）〔石虫〕矾石（痰涎饮 。） 赤石脂（饮水成 ，吐水不止，末服
一斤良。）
【湿热火郁】〔草部〕栝蒌（降火清金，涤痰结。清痰利膈，同半夏熬膏服；胸
痹痰嗽，取子同薤白煎服；饮酒痰 ，胁胀呕吐腹鸣，同神曲末服。） 贝母（化痰降
气，解郁润肺。痰胀，同浓朴丸服。）前胡 柴胡 黄芩 桔梗 知母 白前 紫菀
麦门冬 灯笼草 鸭跖草 悬钩子 解毒子 辟虺雷 草犀 泽泻 舵菜 山药 竹笋
〔果木〕乌梅 林檎 白柿 盐麸子 甘蔗汁 梨汁 藕汁 茗 皋芦叶 蕤核
枳实 枳壳（胸膈痰 ，停水痞胀，为末服。） 桑白皮（上焦痰气。） 荆沥（烦热痰唾
，漾漾欲吐。） 竹沥（去烦热，清痰养血。痰在经络四肢，及皮里膜外，非此不达不行
。竹茹 竹叶（痰热呕逆。） 木槿花（风痰壅逆，研末汤服。） 茯苓（膈中痰水，淡渗
湿热。） 诃黎勒（降火消痰。叶亦下气消痰。） 天竹黄 〔金石〕铅 铅霜 铅丹
胡粉 铁华粉（并降风热惊痰。） 密陀僧（痰结胸中不散，醋、水煮过，为末，每酒水
煎二钱饮。） 灵砂（上盛下虚，痰涎壅逆。） 水银（小儿惊热风涎。） 蓬砂 浮石
〔虫鳞〕五倍子（并化顽痰，解热毒。） 百药煎（清金化痰，同细茶、海螵蛸，丸服。）
海螵蛸
〔介兽〕海蛤 文蛤 蛤粉 牡蛎（并化湿痰热痰老痰。） 烂砚壳（心胸痰水吞酸
，烧服。） 牛黄（化热痰。）
【气滞食积】〔草部〕香附子（散气郁，消饮食痰饮，利胸膈。停痰宿饮，同半夏、
白矾、皂角水，丸服。） 鸡苏（消谷，除酸水。） 苏叶 〔谷菜〕曲 神曲 麦
（并消食积痰饮，下气。） 醋 莱菔及子（消食下痰，有推墙倒壁之功。） 仙人杖菜
（去冷痰 。） 菜（消食，豁冷痰。） 桑耳（癖饮积聚。留饮宿食，同巴豆蒸过丸服。
）蘑菇 茼蒿
（生食降痰。） 杏仁 雄黄 粉霜 轻粉 金星石 青礞石 砂 绿矾（并消痰涎积
癖。） 银朱（痰气结胸，同矾石丸服，有声
〔介禽〕马刀 牡蛎 魁蛤（痰积。） 蚌粉（痰涎结于胸膈，心腹痛日夜不止，或
干呕，以巴豆
五灵脂（痰血凝结，同半夏姜汁丸服。）
【宣吐】人参芦 桔梗芦 藜芦 三白草（汁。） 恒山 蜀漆 郁金（同藜芦末。）
杜衡 石苋 石胡荽（汁。） 离鬲草（汁。） 附子尖 土瓜根 及己 苦参 地松
羊踯躅 紫河车 虎耳草 芭蕉油 萝卜子 苦瓠 瓜蒂 苦茗 乌梅 酸榴皮
犁汁 桐油 皂荚 栀子 相思子 松萝 热汤 齑水 盐卤水 石绿 石青 石胆
白青 砒石 密陀僧 矾石 大盐 虾汁
【荡涤】甘遂（直达水气所结之处。） 芫花（胸中痰水，胁下饮 。） 荛花（肠胃
留。） 大戟（湿热
花（宿水痰饮积滞，为末水服，或作饼食，取利。） 接骨木（下水饮。） 巴豆（寒 宿食
，大便闭，酒煮三日夜，煎丸水下；风痰湿病，安掌心取汗。） 芒硝 朴硝
Phlegm has six types: damp-phlegm, heat-phlegm, wind-phlegm, cold-phlegm, food-stagnation phlegm, and qi-stagnation phlegm. Fluid retention (Yin) has five categories: Zhi-Yin (branching fluid), Liu-Yin (retained fluid), Fu-Yin (hidden fluid), Yi-Yin (overflowing fluid), and Xuan-Yin (hanging fluid). All these conditions originate from dampness.
[Wind-Cold-Damp Stagnation] (Herbal Category) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, Pinellia Tuber): Promotes the movement of Qi and resolves dampness; when dampness is removed, saliva dries, and when Qi descends, phlegm subsides. It is the primary herb for treating phlegm-fluid retention. Processed Banxia can be chewed directly. For phlegm obstruction in the chest and diaphragm, decoct with Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice) as a cake; for retained cold phlegm and fluids, decoct together with Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium); for phlegm-saliva in the Middle Jiao, take as pills with Kufan (Alumen Crudum); for consolidated phlegm that cannot be expectorated, take as pills with Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Caowutou (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix); for Zhi-Yin causing vomiting, decoct with Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Fuling (Poria); for Wind-Phlegm and Damp-Phlegm, use Qinghu Wan. For Wind-Phlegm, use ChenSha Huatan Wan; for Qi-Phlegm, use Sanxian Wan; for Startled Phlegm, use ChenSha Banxia Wan; for elderly Wind-Phlegm, use Banxia Xiaoshi Wan; for pediatric Phlegm-Heat, combine with Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma), dry in cow gall, and take as pills. Tiannanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma): Resolves phlegm and dries dampness. For robust adults with Wind-Phlegm, decoct with Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) and Shengjiang; for phlegm confusing the heart orifices, use Shouxing Wan; for pediatric Wind-Phlegm, use Baolong Wan. Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma): Eliminates phlegm-water and resolves damp stagnation; treats phlegm complicated by blood stasis, taken as pills with Ginger and Cinnamon. Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos): Treats phlegm knots in the upper chest, sputum sticky like glue, and retained fluid in the bladder; bake, powder, and form pills with honey. Weilingxian (Syneilesidis Radix et Rhizoma): Treats phlegm-water in the heart and diaphragm, old pus accumulation. For retained phlegm and old fluid retention causing wheezing, coughing, and vomiting, make water pills with Banxia and Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Spina). Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba): Disperses fire stagnation in the Lung Meridian, stops excessive salivation and phlegmatic asthma. Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma): Breaks phlegm, promotes urination, opens chest stagnation. Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba): Essential herb for pediatric Wind-Saliva. Suzi (Perillae Fructus): Treats wind disorders, regulates Qi, and resolves phlegm. Ercao (Petasitae Flos): Resolves phlegm and suppresses seasonal pathogens. Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata): Treats vomiting due to cold-damp phlegm in the stomach, taken as pills with Banxia and Shengjiang. Wutou (Aconiti Radix), Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Baifuzi (Gastrodiae Rhizoma): All treat Wind-Phlegm and Damp-Phlegm. Caowutou (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix): Treats cold phlegm in the upper chest, inability to eat, and cold phlegm pain in the heart and abdomen. Zijinniu (Ardisiae Japonicae Radix): Treats Wind-Phlegm. Bailiangjin (Chimonobambusa Arundinacea): Treats Wind-Saliva. Aiye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium): Decoct for clear water vomitus. Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix): Treats wheezing and fullness from Zhi-Yin in the intercostal space, using Mugongji Tang. Tingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Fructus): Treats phlegm-fluid retention and Qi knot in the chest. Renshen (Ginseng Radix): Treats phlegm in the chest turning into sour water and yellow regurgitation. Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen), Caodoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Gaoliangjiang (Galangal Rhizome), Lianjiang (Zingiberis Officinalis Rhizoma), Bibo (Long Pepper Fruit), Hongdoukou (Myristicae Malaccensis Semen), Jiang (Fermented Bean Curd), Yelangdu (Stellerae Radix): [Vegetable & Grain Category] Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma): All treat Cold Phlegm, drying dampness and warming the Middle. Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens): Removes dampness, resolves phlegm, and directs Qi downward. For Phlegm-Jue and sudden wind, decoct with Fuzi. Jie Ji Zi (Sinapis Albae Semen): Phlegm in the hypochondrium and subcutaneous tissues cannot be cleared without this herb. Take as pills with Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma). Combine with Suzi and Laifuzi (Raphani Semen) as pills to descend phlegm. Rice Vinegar, Baijiu (Baijiu): [Fruit & Wood Category] Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus), Zhazi (Crataegi Fructus), Chengpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Youpi (Citri Grandis Exocarpium): All remove damp-phlegm and watery saliva. Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium): Removes damp-phlegm and retained fluid, treats belching, hiccups, and reverse flow. Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction), Runxia Wan (Moistening Descending Pill), Kuanzhong Wan (Broadening Middle Pill). For phlegm-threshold with chest heat and distension, decoct in water; for acid reflux and clear water vomiting, take powder on tongue; for lower Jiao cold phlegm, take as pills. Binglang (Arecae Semen): Digests food, directs Qi downward, expels water, resolves phlegm; take powder in decoction. For vomiting phlegm-water, decoct or powder with Jupi. Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium), Du Nianzi, Du Xianzi, Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus): Warms the Middle, removes dampness, treats retained fluid in heart/abdomen. Jiaomu (Zanthoxyli Semen): Take as pills with Badou (Crotonis Fructus) for retained fluid abdominal pain. Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus): Treats Jueyin phlegm-saliva. Hujiao (Piperis Longi Fructus), Bichengqie (Piperis Kadsurae Fructus), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex): Resolves phlegm, warms the Middle. Shancai (Cryptomeriae Lignum): Treats Lung congestion and phlegm stagnation. Zhaojiao (Gleditsiae Spina): Chest phlegm knots, juice boiled into paste pills; all phlegm-Qi, burnt and powdered with Laifuzi as pills; Diaotan Wan, combined with Banxia and Baifan (Alumen) as lozenge pills. Seeds and bark treat Wind-Phlegm. Baiyangpi (Populus Euphratica Bark): Soak in wine to resolve phlegm. Huaijiao (Sophorae Tonkinensis Galla): Treats all Wind-Saliva. [Stone & Insect Category] Fanshi (Alumen): Treats phlegm-saliva and fluid retention. Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum): Drinking water leads to mass formation, incessant vomiting of water; one jin of powder is effective.
[Heat-Damp Fire Stagnation] (Herbal Category) Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus): Descends fire, clears Metal, washes away phlegm knots. Clears phlegm and benefits the diaphragm, decoct paste with Banxia; for chest bi and phlegmatic cough, take seeds decocted with Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus); for alcohol-induced phlegm, hypochondriac distension, vomiting, and borborygmus, take with Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata). Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus): Resolves phlegm, descends Qi, relieves stagnation, moistens lungs. For phlegm distension, take as pills with Houpo. Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix), Ziwan (Asteri Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Denglongcao (Lysimachiae Foxtailis Herba), Yazhacao (Commelinae Herba), Xuanhuzi (Rubī Ilicifolii Fructus), Jieduzi, Bihuile, Caoxi, Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Duocai, Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Zhusun (Bambusae Caulis in Taedia): [Fruit & Wood Category] Wumei (Mume Fructus), Lin Qin (Malus Chinensis), Baishi, Yanfuzi, Suganzhi (Sacchari Canae Sucus), Lizhi (Pyrí Fructus), Ou Zhi (Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Sucus), Ming (Tea Leaves), Gaolu Ye, Ru He, Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus): Treats chest/diaphragm phlegm, retained water, and epigastric fullness; take powder. Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex): Treats Upper Jiao phlegm-Qi. Jing Li (Bambusae Sap): Treats irritability, heat, phlegm-saliva, nausea. Zhu Li (Bambusae Succus): Removes irritability and heat, clears phlegm, nourishes blood. Phlegm in meridians, limbs, and subcutaneous tissues requires this herb to penetrate. Zhu Ru (Bambusae Caulis in Taedia), Zhu Ye (Bambusae Folium): Treats phlegm-heat vomiting. Mujin Hua (Hibisci Mutabilis Flos): Treats Wind-Phlegm obstruction and reversal, take powder in decoction. Fuling (Poria): Treats phlegm-water in the diaphragm, leaches out damp-heat. Helile (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus): Descends fire, resolves phlegm. Leaves also direct Qi downward and resolve phlegm. Tianzhuhuang (Calami Tini Turion): [Metal & Stone Category] Qian (Plumbum), Qianshuang (Plumbum Subacetate), Qiandan (Plumbum Oxidum), Hufen (Plumbum Carbonate), Tiehua Fen (Ferrum Acetum): All descend Wind-Heat and Startled Phlegm. Mituoseng (Lithargyrum): Phlegm knot in chest not dispersing; boil in vinegar/water, powder, decoct 2 qian in wine/water. Lingsha (Cinnabar Purified): Treats Upper Excess/Lower Deficiency, phlegm-saliva obstruction. Shuiyin (Hydrargyrum): Pediatric Wind-Heat Startled Phlegm. Pengsha (Borax), Fushi (Lapis Pumex): [Insect & Scale Category] Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis): All dissolve stubborn phlegm, resolve heat-toxin. Baiyaojian (Massa Medicata Fermentata): Clears Metal, resolves phlegm, take as pills with Fine Tea and Haipiaoxiao (Sepiae Endoconcha). Haipiaoxiao (Sepiae Endoconcha): [Shell & Beast Category] Hai Ge (Concha Arcae), Wen Ge (Concha Meretricis), Gafen (Concha Arcae Pulverata), Muli (Concha Ostreae): All resolve damp-phlegm, heat-phlegm, and old phlegm. Lan Yan Ke (Burnt Inkstone Shell): Treats chest/phlegm-water with sour regurgitation, take after burning. Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus): Resolves Heat-Phlegm.
[Qi Stagnation & Food Accumulation] (Herbal Category) Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma): Scatters Qi stagnation, eliminates food/phlegm-fluid retention, benefits chest/diaphragm. For retained phlegm/old fluid, make water pills with Banxia, Baifan, and Zhaojiao. Jisu (Elsholtziae Herba): Digests food, removes sour water. Suye (Perillae Folium): [Grain/Vegetable Category] Qu (Medicated Leaven), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Mai (Hordei Fructus Germinatus): All digest food stagnation/phlegm-fluid, direct Qi downward. Cu (Vinegar), Laifu Ji Zi (Raphani Semen): Digest food, descend phlegm, powerful action. Xianren Zhang Cai: Removes Cold Phleg. Cai: Digests food, clears Cold Phleg. Sang Er (Auriculariae Auricula-Judae): Mass fluid retention and accumulation. Retained fluid/old food, steam with Badou and make pills. Mo Gu, Tong Hao: Raw consumption descends phlegm. Xing Ren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Xionghuang (Realgar), Fen Shuang (Calomelas), Qing Fen (Calomelas), Jin Xing Shi (Pyrrhotite), Qing Meng Shi (Nigri Magnetitum), Sha (Arsenic), Lv Fan (Chalcanthite): All digest phlegm-saliva and accumulated masses. Yin Zhu (Cinnabar Vermilion): Phlegm-Qi knot in chest, take as pills with Fanshi, produces sound. [Shell/Bird Category] Ma Dao, Muli, Kui Ge: Treats phlegm accumulation. Bang Fen (Concha Corbiculae Pulverata): Phlegm-saliva knotted in chest/diaphragm, heart/abdominal pain day/night, or dry heaving, use with Badou... Wu Ling Zhi (Trogopterori Faeces): Phlegm-blood concretion, take as pills with Banxia and Ginger Juice.
[Emetic Methods] Renshen Lu (Ginseng Radix Stipe), Jiegeng Lu (Platycodonis Radix Stipe), Lilü (Veratri Rhizoma), Sanbaicao (Saururi Herba - Juice). Hengshan (Polygalae Radix), Shuqi (Polygalae Radix Preparata), Yujin (Curcumae Radix - with Lilü powder). Duheng, Shi Xian, Shihusui (Polygoni Hydropiperis Herba - Juice). Ligecao (Lygodii Spora - Juice). Fuzui Jian (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata Apice), Tugua Gen (Polymniae Radix), Ji Ji, Kushen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Disong, Yangzhizhu (Daphnes Odorae Cortex), Ziheche (Placentae Humanae), Hu'ercao (Saxifragae Stoloniferae Herba), Bajiao You (Musa Placenta Oil), Luobo Zi (Raphani Semen), Ku Hu, Gadi (Momordicae Fructus), Kuming (Tea Leaves), Wumei, Suan Liu Pi, Li Zhi, Tong You (Verniciae Oleum), Zhaojiao, Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Xiangsi Zi (Abrus Precatorius Seed), Songluo (Usnea), Re Tang (Hot Water), Ji Shui (Pickling Brine), Yan Lu Shui (Salt Brine), Shi Lü, Shi Qing, Shi Dan, Bai Qing, Pi Shi (Arsenolite), Mituoseng, Fanshi, Da Yan, Xia Zhi.
[Purgative Methods] Gansui (Kansui Radix): Reaches where water-Qi knots. Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos): Chest phlegm-water, hypochondriac fluid. Raohua (Wikstroemiae Indicae Cortex): Intestinal/colonic retained fluid. Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix): Damp-heat... Hua (Adenophorae Radix): Old water/phlegm-fluid accumulation, take powder in water or cakes to induce purgation. Jiegu Mu (Sambuci Caulis): Drains water-fluid. Badou (Crotonis Fructus): Cold... old food, constipation, boil in wine for 3 days/nights, decoct pills with water; Wind-Phlegm/Damp disease, apply to palm to induce sweating. Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas Impurus).