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Must select urine from an unmarried boy or girl. After childbirth, drink one cup warm to suppress lochia and foul matter. Some take it for over seven days. If taken in excess, it is feared that long-term coldness may accumulate in the uterus (Zigong), causing leukorrhea (dai xia); those with deficiency of Qi and Blood without heat signs are especially unsuitable for taking it in large amounts, as this substance is also cold in nature, hence it is also used in formulas treating consumptive fever (Re Lao).

To treat epistaxis (Bi Nie), scrape off the fine film [from the urine surface]. Wait until the bleeding subsides slightly, remove the stasis, and insufflate the powder into the nostril where the bleeding occurs; it will heal immediately. If it cannot be prepared individually, collecting urine from many people is also very good. There are numerous methods for medicines treating epistaxis, some effective and some not, so one must collect widely for use on roads or in fields.

Theories from various schools are confused and inconsistent. Since the exact source cannot be specified, it ultimately remains conjecture. In a household in Yingyang County, Xijing, a cliff suddenly collapsed, yielding a pair of dragon bones (Long Gu), with limbs, head, and horns all intact. It is unknown whether this was shed skin or the result of death. If it were both shed and dead, it would be a tangible object, yet alive it cannot be seen, only visible when dead. If it were said to transform, then its form alone could not transform. However, the *Record of the Western Regions* describes this in detail, but I dare not rely on it. All things receive their endowments differently; the creative forces cannot be fully known, and thus cannot be detailed. Confucius said, "The gentleman admits what he does not know," implying leaving gaps. Reckless speculation risks misleading future students. For treating seminal emission with slipperiness and intestinal slippage, this should not be omitted.

Bovine calculus (Niu Huang) also includes camel calculus, both originating from the Western Regions. Camel calculus is easily obtained; physicians should carefully examine and verify before use, due to the similarity in appearance. Yellow bovine calculus is light, natural, and faintly fragrant, which distinguishes it. Additionally, there is feline calculus (Mao Niu Huang), which is hard and non-fragrant.

When musk deer defecates, it gathers feces in one place. Humans see the gathered feces and detect the lingering musk odor, leading to its capture; this is merely one of the animal's vulnerabilities. This is what hunters say. The rest follows the classics.

Take the teeth protruding from both sides of the mouth, hanging down and flanking the nose; these are not the molar teeth inside the mouth, which are used separately in medicine. These are the teeth now used for ivory tablets (Hu).

When making cheese, the top layer that coagulates is called the cheese skin (Lao Mian). On the cheese skin, the substance with an oily color is ghee (Ti Hu). It is extracted by boiling; it is rare and extremely sweet and delicious. Although extracted this way, its uses are few; it is most suitable for moistening and nourishing scabs.