上为末，每服四钱，水一盏，入大豆百余粒，煎至六分，去滓服之。（《事证》）
人参石膏汤，治膈消，上焦烦渴，不欲多食。（《保命集》）（按∶即白虎加人参汤，去粳米。）
兰香饮子，治渴饮水极甚，善食而瘦，自汗，大便结燥，小便频数。
石膏（三钱） 酒知母（一钱半） 生甘草（一钱） 炙甘草（半钱） 人参（半钱） 防风（一钱）
半夏（二分汤浸） 兰香（半钱） 白豆 蔻仁 连翘 桔梗 升麻（各半钱）
上同为细末，汤浸蒸饼和匀成剂，捻作薄片子，日中晒半干，碎如米，每服二钱，食后淡生姜汤送下。（《试效
方》）
竹叶黄 汤，治消渴证，气血虚，胃火盛而作渴。
淡竹叶 生地黄（各二钱） 黄 麦门冬 当归 川芎 黄芩（炒） 甘草 芍药 人参 半夏 石膏
（各一钱）
上水煎服。（《法律》）
治热病后，虚热渴，四肢烦疼方。
葛根（一斤） 人参 甘草（各一两） 竹叶（一把）
上四味 咀，以水一斗五升，煮取五升，渴即饮之，日三夜二。（《千金》）
治消渴，体热烦躁，宜服此方。
地骨皮（一两） 栝蒌根（一两） 芦根（一两锉） 人参（半两去芦头） 麦门冬（一两半去心） 赤茯
苓（三分） 生干地黄（一两） 黄芩（三分）
上件药捣筛为散，每服四钱，以水一中盏，入生姜半分，小麦一百粒，淡竹叶二七片，煎至六分去滓，不计
时候温服。（《圣惠》）又治消渴，心躁烦热，不得睡卧，麦门
冬散，于本方去地骨皮、芦根、小麦、加川升麻、黄连、柴胡、甘草。
麦门冬饮子，治膈消，胸满心烦，津液燥少，短气，多为消渴。
人参 茯神 麦门冬 知母 五味子 生地黄 甘草（炒） 栝蒌根 葛根（各等分）
上 咀，每服五钱，水二盏，竹叶十四片，煎至七分，去渣温服无时。（《宝鉴》）（按∶此本出《宣明论》，
今以栝蒌根代栝蒌实。又此方与上方，俱自《千金》茯神汤变化来。）《统旨》名生津甘露饮，用天花粉。
参苓饮子，治口干燥，生津液，思饮食。
麦门冬（去心） 五味子 白芍药 熟地黄 黄 （各三两） 白茯苓（二钱半） 天门冬 人参 甘草（各五钱）
上为粗末，每服三钱，水一盏半，生姜三片，枣子二个，乌梅一个，煎至一盏，去渣温服食后。（《宝鉴》）
生地黄膏，渴证通用。
生地黄（束如常碗大二把） 冬蜜（一碗） 人参（半两） 白茯苓（一两）
上将地黄洗切研细，以新水一碗调开，同蜜煎至半，次入参、苓末拌和，瓷器密收，匙挑服。（《直指》）（按∶
此即琼玉膏，详见《虚劳》中。）消渴而小便频数，宜生津甘露饮，琼玉膏亦妙。（《丹溪》）三消者，琼玉膏最妙。
（《正传》）《济世全书》加麦门冬一两，五味子五钱。
五味子汤，大治口燥舌干，此是肾水竭也。
北五味子（真者） 绵黄 （生去芦） 人参（去芦） 麦门冬（去心各一两） 粉草（炙半两）
上 咀，每服半两，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓温服无时
候，一日一夜五、七服妙。（《外科精要》）《寿世》入朱砂少许服。
治消渴初因酒得，人参汤方。
人参 甘草（半生半炙各一两）
上二味粗捣筛，以 猪水去滓澄清，取五升，同煎至二升半，去滓，渴即饮之，永瘥。（《圣济》）
如大病后及欲瘥而渴，宜浓煎独参汤，入朱砂末冷服。又竹叶石膏汤。（《如宜》）
当归六黄汤，治消渴体虚，宜常服之。（《乾坤生意》）（方见《伤寒·虚汗》中）
三消，皆禁用半夏。
黄连末 天花粉末 藕汁 人乳汁 生地黄汁
上后三味汁为膏，入前二味搜和，佐以姜汁和蜜为膏，徐徐留舌上，以白汤少许送下。能食者，加软石膏。
消渴若泄泻，先用白术、白芍药炒为末调服后，却服前药。（《丹溪》）
补肾诸方 加减肾气丸，治劳伤肾经，肾水不足，心火自用，口舌焦干，多渴而利，精神恍惚，面赤心
烦，腰痛脚弱，肢体羸瘦，不能起止。
山茱萸（取肉） 白茯苓（去皮） 牡丹皮（去木） 熟地黄（酒蒸） 五味子 泽泻 鹿角（镑） 山药（锉
炒各一两） 沉香（不见火） 官桂（不见火各半两）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸，如梧桐子大，每服七十丸，用盐汤、米饮任下。弱甚，加附子一两。（《济生》）
（宜参前“治肾为要”条）
加味地黄丸，治下消。
山药（炒） 山茱萸 北五味 泽泻（去毛） 黄柏（盐水炒）
知母（各四两青盐水炒） 怀生地（八两） 牡丹皮（炒） 白茯苓（去皮各二两五钱）
上为末，蜜丸如梧桐子大，每服三钱，空心滚汤下。（《玉案》）
玄菟丹，治三消渴症神药，常服禁遗精，止白浊，延年驻色。
菟丝子（酒浸通软，乘湿研，焙干，别取末十两） 白茯苓 干莲肉（各三两） 五味子（酒浸别为末秤七
两）
上为末，别研干山药末六两，将所浸酒余者，添酒煮糊，搜和得所，捣数千杵，丸如梧桐子大，每服五十丸，
米汤下，空心食前服。（《和济》）（按∶此方出《是斋》，曰∶五味子一名玄及）《续易简后集》鹿兔煎，于
本方去莲肉，加鹿茸，以生地黄汁搜和丸。
治大渴后虚乏，小便滑数，腿胫无力，日渐羸瘦，鹿茸丸方。
鹿茸（二两去毛涂酥炙令黄） 肉苁蓉（二两酒浸一宿刮去皴皮炙干） 附子（一两炮裂去皮脐） 黄 （一两半
锉） 石斛（一两半去根锉） 五味子（一两） 菟丝子（一两半酒浸二日曝干别捣为末） 白龙骨（一两） 桑螵蛸
（二两微炒） 白蒺藜（一两微炒去刺）
上件药捣罗为末，炼蜜和捣三二百杵，丸如梧桐子大，每日空心及晚食前，以清粥饮下三十丸。（《圣惠》）
鹿茸丸，治失志伤肾，肾虚消渴，小便无度。
鹿茸（去毛切炙三分） 麦门冬（去心二两） 熟地黄 黄 鸡 （麸炒） 苁蓉（酒浸） 山茱萸 破故纸
（炒） 牛膝（酒浸） 五味子（各三分） 茯苓 玄参 地骨皮（各半两） 人参（三分）
上为末，蜜丸如梧子大，每服三十丸至五十丸，米汤下。
（《三因》）
鹿茸丸，治渴疾。（赵司法服之有效）
鹿茸（二两） 菟丝子（一两浸酒蒸） 天花粉（半两）
上炼蜜为丸，每服五十丸，空心北五味子汤服。（《朱氏》）《得效》龙凤丸，于本方去天花粉，加山药。
治消渴小便数，鹿角一具，炙令焦，捣筛，酒服方寸匕，渐渐加至一匕半。（《肘后》）《千金》消中，日
夜尿七八升方，同。
斑龙脑珠丹。
鹿角霜（十两为细末） 鹿角胶（十两酒浸数日煮糊丸众药） 菟丝子（十两酒浸蒸作饼焙干） 柏子仁（
十两净别研） 熟干地黄（十两酒浸两宿蒸焙干以余酒入胶用）
上将众药研调，却以鹿角胶酒三四升煮糊搜药，杵一二千下，丸梧桐子大，早晚空心食前，盐汤或酒任下五
十丸至百丸。（《续易简后集》）
胡桃丸，治消肾，亦云内消，多因快情纵欲，极意房中，年少惧不能房，多服丹石，及失志伤肾，遂致唇口干
焦，精溢自出，或小便赤黄，五色浮浊，大便燥实，小便大利而不甚渴。
白茯苓 胡桃肉（汤去薄皮别研） 附子（大者一枚，去皮脐，切作片，生姜汁一盏，蛤粉一分，同煮干，焙。）
上等分为末，蜜丸如梧子大，米饮下三五十丸。或为散，以米饮调下。食前服。（《三因》）
补中诸方 黄 汤，治消中，虚劳少气，小便数方。
黄 芍药 生姜 桂心 当归 甘草（各二两） 麦门冬 干地黄 黄芩（各一两） 大枣（三十枚）
上十味 咀，以水一斗，煮取三升，分三服，日三。
（《千金》）
大建中汤，治强中，或谓之脾消。（《医林集要》）
（按∶即《千金》大建中汤，方出《虚劳》中。）
黄 六一汤，或先渴而欲发疮疖，或病痈疽而后渴者，宜服此。常服平补血气，安和五脏。
甘草（一两炙） 黄 （六两去芦蜜涂炙）
上 咀，每服二钱，水一盏，枣一枚，煎至七分，去滓温服，不拘时候。（《和剂》）《外科精要》为细末，
每服二钱，早晨日午，以白汤点，当汤水服，若饮时初杯用酒调服尤妙。
钱氏白术散，治消中，消谷善饥。
加北五味子 柴胡 枳壳（制各半两）
上粗末，每三钱，新水煎服。（《直指》）
治消渴伤中，小便无度方。
黄雌鸡一只（治如吃法）
上煮令极烂，漉去鸡，停冷取汁饮之。（《食医心鉴》）（按∶《千金翼》有用自死鸡方。）
治补虚羸，止渴，牛乳方。取牛乳不拣冷暖，任性饮之。（同上）（按∶《千金翼》有牛乳一升，以水四升，
煎取一升方。）
固脱方 铅丹散，主消渴，止小便数，兼消中方。
铅丹 胡粉（各一分） 栝蒌根 甘草（各十分） 泽泻 石膏 赤石脂 白石脂（各五分《肘后》作贝母）
上八味治下筛，水服方寸匕，日三，壮人一匕半。一年病者一日愈，二年病者二日愈，渴甚者夜二服，腹痛者
减之。丸服亦佳，一服十丸，伤多令人腹痛。（《千金》）（按∶此本出《肘后》，酒服。考《本草》黑字，铅
丹、胡粉、栝蒌根，并止小便利。泽泻，起阴气，止泄精消渴淋沥。可知此
方为涩剂矣。）
泻热诸方 巴郡太守奏三黄丸，治男子五劳七伤，消渴，不生肌肉，妇人带下，手足寒热者方。（《千
金》）（按∶原载四时加减法，以蜜为丸如大豆，饮服五丸，日三，不知稍加至七丸，取下而已云云，宜考。）
顺气散，治消中，热在胃而能食，小便赤黄，微利之为效，不可多利，服此药渐渐利之，不欲多食则愈。（《保命
集》）（按∶即小承气汤。）
治心脾实热，烦渴不止，知母散方。
知母（一两） 芦根（一两半） 栝蒌根（一两） 麦门冬（一两） 黄芩（三分） 川大黄（一两）
甘草（半两）
上件药捣筛为散，每服四钱，以水一中盏，煎至六分去滓，不计时候温服。（《圣惠》）
大黄甘草饮子，治男子妇人一切消渴，不能止者。
大豆五升（先煮三沸出淘苦水再煮） 大黄（一两半） 甘草（大粗者四两长四指打碎）
上三味，用井水一桶，将前药同煮三五时，如稠糨，水少更添，豆软，盛于盆中放冷，令病患食豆，渴食汤
汁，无时候。食尽如燥渴止罢，不止再煮前药，不三次病悉愈。（《宣明》）
奇治诸方（消渴有虫酒果为渴）治消渴热盛，心神烦乱，宜服此方。
蚕蛹（二两）
上以无灰酒一中盏，水一大盏，同煮取一中盏，澄清去蚕蛹服之。（《圣惠》）茧丝汤，治渴神效。煮茧缫
丝汤，任意饮之顿效。如非时，以丝或绵煎汤服。（《直指》）
杀虫方，治消渴有虫（出《夷坚志》），苦楝根取新白
皮一握切焙，入麝少许，水二碗，煎至一碗，空心饮之，虽困顿不妨，自后下虫三四条，状如蛔虫，其色真红
而渴顿止，乃知消渴一证，有虫耗其津液。（《直指》）（按∶消渴不得必有虫，疑是蛔之为渴者也。）
眉山有杨颖臣者，长七尺，健饮啖，倜傥人也。忽得消渴疾，日饮水数斗，食倍常而数溺，服消渴药逾年，
疾日甚，自度必死，治棺衾，嘱其子于人。蜀有良医张元隐之子，不记其名，为诊脉，笑曰∶君几误死矣。取麝
香当门子，以酒濡之，作十许丸，取枳枸子为汤，饮之遂愈。问其故。张生言∶消渴、消中皆脾衰而肾惫，土不
能胜水，肾液不上 ，乃成此疾。今诊颖臣脾脉极热而肾不衰，当由果实、酒过度，虚热在脾，故饮食兼人而多
饮水，水既多不得不多溺也，非消渴也。麝香能败酒，瓜果近辄不实，而枳枸子亦能胜酒。屋外有此木，屋中酿
酒不熟。以其木为屋，其下亦不可酿酒。故以此二物为药，以去酒、果之毒也。（《苏沈》）
灸刺 凡消渴病，经百日以上者，不得灸刺；灸刺，则于疮上漏脓水不歇，遂致痈疽羸瘦而死。亦忌有
所误伤，但作针许大疮，所饮之水，皆于疮中变成脓水而出。若水出不止者必死，慎之慎之。初得患者，可如
方灸刺之佳。（《千金》）（按∶《外台》举此论，附有驳辨，今揭于下。）
既今亦得消渴，且未免饮水，水入疮即损人。今初得日，岂得令其灸刺，致此误伤之过，辄将未顺其理，且
取百日以上为能，未悟初灸之说，故不录灸刺。凡灸刺则外脱其气，消渴皆是宣疾，灸刺特不相宜，唯香港脚宜即
灸之，是以不取灸穴者耳。（《外台》）
调摄法 其所慎者有三∶一饮酒，二房室，三咸食及面。能慎此者，虽不服药而自可无他。不知此者，纵有金
丹，亦不可救，深思慎之。（《千金》）
又宜食者，每间五六日空腹一食饼，以精羊肉及黄雌鸡为 ，此可温也。若取下气不食肉，菜食者，宜煮牛
膝、韭、蔓菁。又宜食鸡子、马肉，此物微壅，亦可疗宣疾也。壅之过度，便发香港脚。犹如善为政者，宽以济猛，
Pulverize the ingredients. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water and over 100 soybeans, decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take orally. (From *Shi Zheng*)
**Renshen Shigao Tang** (Ginseng and Gypsum Decoction) treats Ge Xiao (Diabetes Mellitus characterized by thirst and chest heat), with symptoms of upper jiao irritability and thirst, and lack of desire for excessive food intake. (From *Baoming Ji*) [Note: This is Baizhu Jia Renshen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) without Jingmi (Oryzae Fructus Germinatus).]
**Lanxiang Yinzi** (Orchid Fragrance Drink) treats severe thirst with excessive water drinking, polyphagia with emaciation, spontaneous sweating, dry and constipated stools, and frequent urination.
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (3 qian)
* Jiuzhimu (Alkoholsae Radix processed with wine) (1.5 qian)
* Shenggancao (Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 qian)
* Zhigancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 qian)
* Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (1 qian)
* Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (2 fen, soaked in decoction)
* Lanxiang (Perillae Folium) (0.5 qian)
* Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus)
* Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructum)
* Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix)
* Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (each 0.5 qian)
Grind all into fine powder. Soak steamed wheat dough in decoction, mix evenly, shape into thin slices, sun-dry until half-dry, crush to rice-grain size. Take 2 qian per dose, administered after meals with light ginger tea. (From *Shixiao Fang*)
**Zhuye Huangqi Tang** (Lophatherum and Astragali Decoction) treats Xiao Ke (Diabetes Mellitus) syndrome due to Qi and Blood deficiency, with flourishing Stomach Fire causing thirst.
* Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba)
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) (each 2 qian)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)
* Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (stir-fried)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)
* Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma)
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each 1 qian)
Decoct in water and take orally. (From *Falü*)
Formula for treating post-febrile disease, deficient heat with thirst, and painful irritability in the four limbs.
* Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (1 jin)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 1 liang)
* Zhuye (Lophatheri Herba) (1 handful)
Chop the four ingredients. Add 1 dou 5 sheng of water, decoct to obtain 5 sheng. Drink when thirsty, three times during the day and twice at night. (From *Qianjin*)
Formula suitable for treating Xiao Ke with body heat and irritability.
* Digupi (Lycii Cortex) (1 liang)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) (1 liang)
* Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma) (1 liang, chopped)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang, rhizome removed)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (1.5 liang, heart removed)
* Chifuling (Poria cum Risus) (3 fen)
* Shenggandihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (1 liang)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (3 fen)
Crush and sieve the above herbs into a powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, 100 small wheat grains, and 14 slices of light bamboo leaf. Decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Shenghui*) For treating Xiao Ke with mental restlessness, heat, and insomnia, use **Maimendong San** (Ophiopogon Powder): remove Digupi, Lugeng, and Xiaomai from the above formula; add Chuanshengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
**Maimendong Yinzi** (Ophiopogon Drink) treats Ge Xiao (Diabetes Mellitus characterized by thirst and chest heat), chest fullness and irritability, dry and scanty fluids, shortness of breath, often progressing to Xiao Ke.
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Fushen (Poria cum Pinus)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (stir-fried)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)
* Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (equal parts)
Chop. Take 5 qian per dose, add 2 zhan of water and 14 bamboo leaf slices. Decoct until 7 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Baojian*) [Note: Originally from *Xuanming Lun*, using Gualougen instead of Gualoushi (Trichosanthis Fructus). Also, this formula and the previous one both evolved from *Qianjin*'s Fushen Tang.] *Tongzhi* names it **Shengjin Ganlu Yin** (Generating Fluids Sweet Dew Drink), using Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix).
**Renying Yinzi** (Ginseng and Poria Drink) treats dry mouth and tongue, generates fluids, and stimulates appetite.
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (each 3 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (2.5 qian)
* Tiandong (Asparagi Radix)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 5 qian)
Make into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water, 3 slices of ginger, 2 dates, and 1 smoked plum. Decoct until 1 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm after meals. (From *Baojian*)
**Shengdihuang Gao** (Rehmannia Paste) is generally applicable for treating thirst syndromes.
* Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens) (two large handfuls, bundled like a normal bowl)
* Dongmi (Winter Honey) (1 bowl)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (0.5 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (1 liang)
Wash, chop, and finely grind the Rehmannia. Mix with 1 bowl of fresh water, then decoct together with honey until reduced by half. Add powdered Ginseng and Poria, mix well, store tightly in porcelain vessels, and take by spoonful. (From *Zhizhi*) [Note: This is Qiongyu Gao (Jade Jade Paste), detailed in the *Xu Lao* section.] For Xiao Ke with frequent urination, **Shengjin Ganlu Yin** is suitable; Qiongyu Gao is also excellent. (From *Danxi*) Among the Three Xiao syndromes, Qiongyu Gao is most effective. (From *Zhengchuan*) *Jishi Quanshu* adds Maimendong (1 liang) and Wuweizi (5 qian).
**Wuweizi Tang** (Schisandra Decoction) primarily treats dry mouth and tongue, indicating exhaustion of Kidney Water.
* Bei Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (authentic)
* Mian Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (raw, rhizome removed)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (rhizome removed)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed, each 1 liang)
* Fen Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (prepared, 0.5 liang)
Chop. Take 0.5 liang per dose, add 1.5 zhan of water, decoct until 8 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. Taking it 5-7 times a day and night is ideal. (From *Waike Jingyao*) *Shoushi* adds a little Cinnabar (Zhusha).
**Renshen Tang** (Ginseng Decoction) for treating Xiao Ke initially caused by alcohol consumption.
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (half raw, half prepared, each 1 liang)
Coarsely chop and sieve the two ingredients. Use pig fat water, filter dregs to clarify, take 5 sheng, and decoct together until 2.5 sheng remains. Remove dregs and drink when thirsty for permanent cure. (From *Shengji*)
For thirst after severe illness or near recovery, decoct **Dushen Tang** (Single Ginseng Decoction) strongly, add powdered Cinnabar (Zhusha), and take cold. Alternatively, use **Zhuye Shigao Tang** (Lophatherum and Gypsum Decoction). (From *Ruyi*)
**Danggui Liuhuang Tang** (Angelica and Six Huang Decoction) treats Xiao Ke with physical weakness; suitable for regular use. (From *Qiankun Shengyi*) (See formula in *Shanghan · Xu Han* section.)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) is strictly contraindicated for all Three Xiao syndromes.
Mix Huanglian end (Coptidis Rhizoma powder) and Tianhuafen powder (Trichosanthis Radix powder) with Oujiang (Lotus Rhizome Juice), Renruye (Human Milk), and Shengdihuang Jiang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens Juice). Reduce the last three juices into a paste, mix with the first two powders, and further process with Ginger Juice and Honey into a paste. Slowly hold on the tongue and swallow with a little white boiled water. If the patient can eat, add Ruan Shigao (Soft Gypsum).
If Xiao Ke is accompanied by diarrhea, first stir-fry Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) and Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) into powder, mix and take, then take the aforementioned medicine. (From *Danxi*)
**Kidney Tonifying Formulas**
**Jiajian Shenqi Wan** (Modified Shenqi Pills) treats damage to the Kidney Meridian from overwork, insufficient Kidney Water, independent hyperactivity of Heart Fire, dry and scorched mouth and tongue, excessive thirst with diarrhea, absent-mindedness, red face with irritability, lower back pain and weak legs, emaciated limbs, inability to rise or walk.
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus) (flesh only)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (peeled)
* Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (wood removed)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (wine-steamed)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma)
* Lu Jiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum) (shaved)
* Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (chopped and stir-fried, each 1 liang)
* Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) (not exposed to fire)
* Gu Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) (not exposed to fire, each 0.5 liang)
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey, sized like paulownia seeds. Take 70 pills per dose, with salt water or millet drink as needed. For extreme weakness, add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) 1 liang. (From *Jisheng*) (Refer to "Treating Kidney is Key" section above.)
**Jiawei Dihuang Wan** (Modified Dihuang Pills) treats Xia Xiao (Lower Diabetes).
* Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) (stir-fried)
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus)
* Bei Wuwei (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (hair removed)
* Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (salt-water stir-fried)
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 4 liang, green salt-water stir-fried)
* Huai Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (8 liang)
* Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (stir-fried)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria) (peeled, each 2.5 qian)
Grind into powder, make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 3 qian per dose with boiling water on an empty stomach. (From *Yu'an*)
**Xuantu Dan** (Black Rabbit Pill) is a divine medicine for treating Three Xiao syndromes. Regular use prevents seminal emission, stops leukorrhea, prolongs life, and preserves youth.
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (soaked in wine until soft, ground while wet, dried, powder taken separately, 10 liang)
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria)
* Gan Lianrou (Nelumbinis Plumula) (each 3 liang)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (soaked in wine, ground separately into powder, weighed 7 liang)
Grind into powder. Grind separately 6 liang of dried Shanyao powder. Use the remaining soaking wine to cook into a paste, mix with the powders, knead thoroughly, and pound thousands of times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 50 pills per dose with millet soup, before meals on an empty stomach. (From *Heji*) [Note: From *Shizhai*, stating Wuweizi is also named Xuanji.] *Xu Yijian Houji* Lutu Jian: remove Lotus Plumula from this formula, add Luzhuang (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum), and mix/pill with Shengdihuang Jiang (Rehmanniae Radix Recens Juice).
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) for treating extreme thirst followed by weakness, slippery and frequent urination, weak calves, and progressive emaciation.
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (2 liang, hair removed, coated with butter, roasted yellow)
* Rongrong (Cibotii Rhizoma) (2 liang, soaked in wine overnight, scraped clean, roasted dry)
* Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) (1 liang, roasted cracked, skin and navel removed)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (1.5 liang, chopped)
* Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis) (1.5 liang, roots removed, chopped)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (1 liang)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (1.5 liang, soaked in wine for two days, dried, pounded separately into powder)
* Bailonggu (Fossilia Ossis Mastodi) (1 liang)
* Sangpiaoxiao (Mantidis Oötheca) (2 liang, lightly stir-fried)
* Bajieli (Tribuli Fructus) (1 liang, lightly stir-fried, thorns removed)
Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey and pound 300-200 times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose with clear porridge drink on an empty stomach and before evening meal. (From *Shenghui*)
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) treats loss of spirit damaging the Kidney, Kidney Deficiency Xiao Ke, and unlimited urination.
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (hair removed, cut, roasted, 3 fen)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (heart removed, 2 liang)
* Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Jineijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum) (bran-roasted)
* Rongrong (Cibotii Rhizoma) (wine-soaked)
* Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus)
* Pozhizi (Stemonae Radix) (stir-fried)
* Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) (wine-soaked)
* Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) (each 3 fen)
* Fuling (Poria)
* Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix)
* Digupi (Lycii Cortex) (each 0.5 liang)
* Renshen (Panacis Ginseng Radix) (3 fen)
Grind into powder, make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills per dose with millet soup. (From *Sanyuan*)
**Lurong Wan** (Deer Antler Pills) for treating thirst disease. (Effective for Zhao Sifa.)
* Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum) (2 liang)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (1 liang, soaked in wine and steamed)
* Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) (0.5 liang)
Make honey pills. Take 50 pills per dose with Bei Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) on an empty stomach. (From *Zhushi*) *Defu* Longfeng Wan: remove Tianhuafen from this formula, add Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma).
For treating Xiao Ke with frequent urination: Roast one set of Deer Horn (Lu Jiao) until charred, pound and sieve, take with wine using a square-inch measure, gradually increasing to 1.5 measures. (From *Zhouhou*) Same as *Qianjin* formula for Xiao Zhong with 7-8 sheng of urine day and night.
**Banlong Naozhu Dan** (Spotted Dragon Brain Pearl Pill)
* Lu Jiaoshuang (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum Pulvis) (10 liang, fine powder)
* Lu Jiao Jiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum) (10 liang, soaked in wine for several days, cooked into paste for pill base)
* Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen) (10 liang, soaked in wine, steamed into cakes, dried)
* Baiziren (Platycladi Semen) (10 liang, cleaned, ground separately)
* Shu Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) (10 liang, soaked in wine for two nights, steamed and dried, use remaining wine with gelatin)
Grind and mix all herbs. Cook Deer Horn Gelatin with 3-4 sheng of wine into a paste to bind the herbs. Pound 1000-2000 times. Make pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 50-100 pills per dose with salt water or wine, morning and evening on an empty stomach before meals. (From *Xu Yijian Houji*)
**Hetao Wan** (Walnut Pills) treats Xiao Shen (Kidney Diabetes), also called Internal Dissolution. Often caused by excessive sexual indulgence, fear of impotence in youth leading to excessive use of cinnabar/mercury pills, or loss of spirit damaging the Kidney. Symptoms include dry and scorched lips and tongue, spontaneous seminal emission, red-yellow turbid urine, dry stools, profuse urination but not intense thirst.
* Bai Ful Ling (Poria)
* Hetao Rou (Juglandis Semen) (blanched, thin skin removed, ground separately)
* Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata) (one large piece, skin and navel removed, sliced, boiled dry with 1 zhan of ginger juice and 1 fen of蛤粉 (Concha Meretricis Preparata))
Grind into equal parts powder. Make honey pills sized like paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills with millet drink. Or make powder, mix with millet drink. Take before meals. (From *Sanyuan*)
**Middle-Tonifying Formulas**
**Huangqi Tang** (Astragalus Decoction) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes), deficiency fatigue with shortness of breath, and frequent urination.
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix)
* Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba)
* Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens)
* Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus)
* Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 liang)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix)
* Gan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 1 liang)
* Dazao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) (30 pieces)
Chop the ten ingredients. Add 1 dou of water, decoct to obtain 3 sheng. Divide into three doses, taken three times daily. (From *Qianjin*)
**Da Jianzhong Tang** (Great Construct Middle Decoction) treats Qiang Zhong (Strong Middle/Superfluous Yang) or Pi Xiao (Spleen Diabetes). (From *Yilin Jiyao*) [Note: This is *Qianjin*'s Da Jianzhong Tang, found in the *Xu Lao* section.]
**Huangqi Liuyi Tang** (Astragalus Six-One Decoction) suitable if thirst precedes carbuncles/furuncles, or if thirst follows sores/abscesses. Regular use harmonizes Blood and Qi, and calms the Five Viscera.
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang, prepared)
* Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (6 liang, rhizome removed, coated with honey and roasted)
Chop. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 zhan of water and 1 date. Decoct until 7 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Heji*) *Waike Jingyao* makes it into fine powder. Take 2 qian, mixed with white boiled water in the morning and noon. Mixing with wine for the first cup is especially good.
**Qianshi Baizhu San** (Dr. Qian's Atractylodes Powder) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes) with rapid digestion and hunger.
* Add Bei Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus)
* Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix)
* Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) (processed, each 0.5 liang)
Make coarse powder. Take 3 qian, decoct in fresh water. (From *Zhizhi*)
Formula for treating Xiao Ke damaging the Middle, with unlimited urination.
* Huang Eji (Hen) (1 whole, prepared for eating)
Boil until very tender, remove chicken, cool, and drink the juice. (From *Shiyi Xinjian*) [Note: *Qianjin Yi* has a formula using a naturally dead chicken.]
Formula for tonifying deficiency and emaciation, stopping thirst: Cow's Milk. Drink cow's milk regardless of temperature. (Same source) [Note: *Qianjin Yi* has a formula: 1 sheng cow's milk, 4 sheng water, decoct to 1 sheng.]
**Consolidation Formulas**
**Qiandan San** (Lead Monoxide Powder) mainly treats Xiao Ke, stops frequent urination, and treats Xiao Zhong.
* Qiandan (Minii Oxidum Rubrum)
* Hufen (Cerussa) (each 1 fen)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 10 fen)
* Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma)
* Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum)
* Chishizhi (Halloysit Rubrum)
* Baishizhi (Halloysit Albus) (each 5 fen, *Zhouhou* uses Beimu/Fritillariae Bulbus)
Process and sieve the eight ingredients. Take 1 fangcunbi (square-inch measure) with water, three times daily. Strong adults take 1.5 measures. One-year illness cures in one day; two-year illness cures in two days. Severe thirst: take twice at night. Abdominal pain: reduce dose. Pills are also good: 10 pills per dose; overdose causes abdominal pain. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: Originally from *Zhouhou*, taken with wine. According to *Bencao*, Qiandan, Hufen, and Gualougen all stop frequent urination. Zexie raises Yin Qi, stops seminal emission, and treats Xiao Ke dribbling. Thus, this formula is an astringent.]
**Heat-Purging Formulas**
**Sanhuang Wan** (Three Yellow Pills) presented by the Prefect of Ba Commandery, treats men's five labors and seven injuries, Xiao Ke, failure to gain muscle, women's leukorrhea, and alternating cold and heat in hands and feet. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: Original text includes seasonal modification methods, made into honey pills sized like soybeans, take 5 pills with water, three times daily, increase to 7 if ineffective, until purged. Verify.]
**Shunqi San** (Regulating Qi Powder) treats Xiao Zhong (Middle Diabetes), heat in Stomach with ability to eat, red-yellow urine. Mild diarrhea indicates efficacy; do not cause excessive diarrhea. Gradual purgation with this medicine will cure it when appetite decreases. (From *Baoming Ji*) [Note: This is Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction).]
**Zhimu San** (Anemarrhena Powder) for treating Heart and Spleen Excess Heat with incessant irritability and thirst.
* Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (1 liang)
* Lugeng (Phragmitis Rhizoma) (1.5 liang)
* Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) (1 liang)
* Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (1 liang)
* Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (3 fen)
* Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 liang)
Crush and sieve into powder. Take 4 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct until 6 fen remains, remove dregs, and take warm at any time. (From *Shenghui*)
**Dahuang Gancao Yinzi** (Rhubarb and Licorice Drink) treats all cases of Xiao Ke in men and women that cannot be stopped.
* Dadou (Sojae Semen Album) (5 sheng, boil three times, discard bitter water, boil again)
* Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang)
* Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (large thick ones, 4 liang, length of four fingers, crushed)
Add one bucket of well water to the three ingredients. Boil together for 3-5 hours until thick like paste. Add water if needed, until beans are soft. Cool in a basin. Let the patient eat the beans and drink the broth at any time. If thirst stops after finishing, stop. If not, re-boil the medicine. Illness will completely cure within three boils. (From *Xuanming*)
**Extraordinary Treatments** (Worms in Xiao Ke, Thirst from Wine and Fruit)
For treating Xiao Ke with flourishing heat, mental irritability, and confusion.
* Can Yong (Bombyx Batryticatus) (2 liang)
Decoct with 1 zhan of non-fermented wine and 1 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Clarify and remove silkworm pupae, then drink. (From *Shenghui*) **Jiansi Tang** (Silk Thread Decoction) is highly effective for thirst. Decoct silk cocoons for reeling thread and drink freely for instant effect. If out of season, decoct silk or cotton wadding and drink. (From *Zhizhi*)
**Antiparasitic Formula** for treating Xiao Ke with worms (From *Yijian Zhi*). Take a handful of new white bark from Kulian Gen (Toosendan Fructus Cortex), chop and roast, add a little Moshe (Moschus), 2 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Drink on an empty stomach. Even if dizzy, it is fine. Later, pass 3-4 worms resembling roundworms, truly red in color, and thirst stops instantly. This reveals that in Xiao Ke, worms consume body fluids. (From *Zhizhi*) [Note: Xiao Ke does not necessarily involve worms; suspect roundworms causing thirst.]
Yang Yingchen from Meishan was 7 chi tall, robust, drank heavily, and was elegant. He suddenly developed Xiao Ke, drinking several dou of water daily, eating double the usual amount, and urinating frequently. After taking Xiao Ke medicines for over a year, his condition worsened. Believing he would die, he prepared his coffin and bedding and entrusted his son to others. A son of a skilled physician Zhang Yuanyin from Shu (name forgotten) diagnosed him, smiled, and said, "You nearly died by mistake." He took Mushe Dangmenzi (Moschus), moistened with wine, made into about ten pills, and gave them with a decoction of Zhiju Zi (Choisya Fructus). He recovered. Asked for the reason, Zhang said: Xiao Ke and Xiao Zhong are due to Spleen decline and Kidney exhaustion, Earth failing to control Water, and Kidney fluids failing to ascend. Now, your Spleen pulse is extremely hot, but Kidney is not exhausted. It is likely due to excess fruit and wine, causing deficient heat in the Spleen, hence increased food and water intake, leading to frequent urination. This is not Xiao Ke. Moschus neutralizes wine; fruits near Choisya trees do not ripen; Zhiju Zi also counters wine. There is such a tree outside houses; wine brewed inside such houses does not ferment. Houses built with this wood cannot brew wine underneath. Thus, these two substances are used to eliminate the toxicity of wine and fruit. (From *Su Shen*)
**Moxibustion and Acupuncture**
For Xiao Ke lasting over 100 days, moxibustion and acupuncture are prohibited. If performed, pus and water will leak from the sores continuously, leading to carbuncles, emaciation, and death. Avoid accidental injury; even a needle-sized sore will cause all consumed water to turn into pus and discharge. If discharge does not stop, death is certain. Be extremely cautious. For newly onset patients, following formulas for moxibustion/acupuncture is best. (From *Qianjin*) [Note: *Waitai* cites this argument with refutation, presented below.]
Since we now have Xiao Ke and must drink water, water entering sores harms the person. In the initial days, how can we allow moxibustion/acupuncture causing such injury? Temporarily disregarding logic, considering only those over 100 days as candidates, failing to understand the initial moxibustion theory, thus excluding moxibustion/acupuncture. Generally, moxibustion/acupuncture depletes external Qi. Xiao Ke is a disease of dispersion/drainage; moxibustion/acupuncture is particularly unsuitable. Only Hongjiao (Foot Qi/Gout) should be treated immediately with moxibustion. Therefore, acupoints for moxibustion are not selected. (From *Waitai*)
**Regulation Methods**
Three things to be cautious about: 1. Alcohol, 2. Sexual activity, 3. Salty foods and noodles. Observing these allows health without medicine. Ignoring these makes even Golden Pills useless. Reflect deeply and be cautious. (From *Qianjin*)
Also suitable foods: Every 5-6 days, eat a cake on an empty stomach, filled with lean mutton and yellow hen meat, which is warming. If avoiding meat and eating vegetables, boil Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Jiu (Allii Tuberosi Folium), and Manjing (Brassicae Pekinensis var. Trilocularis). Also suitable: Chicken eggs and horse meat. These are slightly cloying but can treat dispersive diseases. Over-cloying leads to Hongjiao (Foot Qi). Like a good administrator balancing leniency with severity,