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The *Classic of Medicine* (Huangdi Neijing) states: If there is a dull pain at the Jingmen point, it is Kidney Ju (Kidney Carbuncle); if the flesh above slightly protrudes, it is Kidong Yong (Kidney Abscess). (Jingmen point, also known as the Front-Mu point of the Kidney, is located in the middle of the waist on the side, between the ribs below the Jian bone.)

The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) states: The symptoms of Kidney Yong include fullness from the soles of the feet to the lower abdomen. (In the *Daqi Lun* chapter of the *Suwen*, "soles of the feet" should be read as "below the thighs".)

Zhang Zhongjing stated: Lower abdominal pain with hardness and obstruction upon palpation indicates Kidney Yong. Frequent urination with a sensation resembling strangury indicates Intestinal Yong.

Wang Kentang stated: In Kidney Yong, the Jingmen point will definitely have dull pain and slight swelling, causing alternating chills and fever, a pale complexion without thirst, and distension and fullness in the lower abdomen and hypochondrium. This arises in individuals with Kidney deficiency who have overindulged in sexual activity, allowed their bodies to be chilled by cold, and thereby invited pathogenic factors from the exterior. Initially, Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) with Xixin (Asarum) is suitable; once the cold has dissipated and pain ceased, Guifu Dihuang Wan (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Pill of the Eight Ingredients) is suitable for regulation.

The *Classic of Medicine* states: If there is a dull pain at the Zhongwan point, it is Stomach Ju; if the flesh above slightly protrudes, it is Stomach Yong. (Zhongwan point, also known as the Front-Mu point of the Stomach, is located four cun above the umbilicus.)

It further states: In Stomach Wan Yong (Epigastric Abscess), the Renying pulse appears rebellious and vigorous.

The *Suwen* records: The Yellow Emperor asked: When a person suffers from Stomach Wan Yong, how should the diagnosis be conducted? Qibo replied: To diagnose this condition, one must observe the Stomach pulse; the pulse should be deep and fine. A deep and fine pulse indicates rebellious Qi. (The *Jiayi Jing* writes "deep and fine" as "deep and choppy".) Rebellious Qi causes the Renying pulse to become very vigorous; when very vigorous, it indicates heat. The Renying pulse belongs to the Stomach meridian. When the pulse is rebellious and vigorous, heat accumulates in the Stomach and fails to circulate, thus causing an abscess in the epigastrium. (From the *Bingneng Pian* chapter.)

The *Shengji Zonglu* states: Stomach Wan Yong occurs due to cold qi blocking yang qi, causing heat to accumulate at the stomach opening. The disharmony of cold and heat leads to the corruption of flesh and blood. Because Qi rebels in the Stomach, the Stomach pulse becomes deep and fine. Because Yang Qi cannot ascend, the Renying pulse becomes hot and vigorous, causing symptoms such as alternating chills and fever resembling malaria, skin that is rough and scaly like fish scales, coughing, or vomiting pus and blood. If the pulse is surging and rapid, pus has formed, and immediate drainage is required. If the pulse is slow and tight, it indicates blood stasis, which requires immediate purgation; otherwise, the toxin will attack internally, rotting the intestines and stomach.

Li Dongyuan stated: Internal ulcers and carbuncles within the zang-fu organs and intestines are hidden and invisible externally. Since they cannot be seen by eyes or touched by hands, diagnosis is extremely difficult. However, by observing the pulse, one can distinguish them and understand the condition. For those suffering from Stomach Wan Yong, one should observe the Stomach pulse; the Renying pulse is the Stomach pulse. A deep and fine pulse indicates rebellious Qi. Severe rebellion leads to heat accumulating at the stomach opening and failing to circulate, resulting in an abscess in the epigastrium. If the pulse is surging and rapid, pus has formed; if the pulse is slow and tight, although pus has not yet formed, blood stasis exists. Urgent treatment is necessary. Otherwise, pathogenic factors will attack internally, rotting the intestines and stomach, making the condition incurable. (From the *Ten Books*.)

The *Baixiao Quanshu* states: The Stomach Wan is located below the Xinshu point. When an abscess forms here, external symptoms include alternating chills and fever resembling malaria. Stomach turbidity causes Lung Metal to lose nourishment, leading to coughing or vomiting, spitting up pus and blood, and rough, crisscrossed skin. This is often caused by dietary toxins and emotional fire郁结 (stagnation), combined with external cold invasion, causing hot and turbid qi to fill the epigastrium. Clear Qi in the Stomach sinks downward, so the Right Guan pulse appears deep and fine. The Stomach is blocked by cold qi, so the Renying pulse appears tight and vigorous. With these two pulses present, Stomach Yong is formed. Dasye Gan Tang (Major Belamcanda Decoction) is suitable. If phlegm and Qi obstruct upward, Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) is used; if bowel movements are difficult, Taiyi Gao (Great One Ointment) made into pills is taken; if urine is red and scanty with abdominal fullness and loss of appetite, Saren Tang (Three Seeds Decoction) is used; if pus has drained but appetite remains poor, Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) is used.

Dou Hanqing said: Regarding all internal abscesses, I have treated them effectively using Yiyiren Tang (Coix Seed Decoction), Mudanpi San (Moutan Bark Powder), and Taiyi Gao. If pus and blood are vomited, and food intake is low with little desire to eat, the primary approach should be to strengthen the Stomach and boost Qi, assisted by the aforementioned methods, rather than treating the ulcer exclusively. (From the *Complete Book*.)

Zhu Danxi stated: Internal carbuncles arise from the stagnation of dietary toxins and emotional fire. Shegan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction) is the main formula for treatment.

Feng Luzhan stated: In Stomach Yong, the Stomach is the sea of water and grain, possessing abundant Qi, Blood, and Heat. If pathogenic heat lodges internally, the two heats combine, forming an abscess. Consequently, the Stomach pulse must be deep and fine, and the Renying pulse must be very vigorous. The Stomach pulse manifests at the Right Guan position, where it should naturally be surging and large; the fact that it is instead deep and fine demonstrates the rebellion of Stomach Qi. The Renying point is a name for a point on the Stomach meridian, located on both sides of the laryngeal prominence, where arterial pulsation can be felt, and its pulse reflection appears at the Left Cun position. Now, if the Renying pulse is very vigorous while the Right Guan pulse is deep and fine, it further confirms that heat is congested and stagnant at the stomach opening and cannot circulate, thus failing to fill the pulse vessel. People often mistake a vigorous Renying pulse for Cold Damage (Shanghan) and prohibit food intake, which inevitably leads to death. (From the *Brocade Pouch*.)

He further stated: How to distinguish Stomach Wan Yong? The *Neijing* says: When a person suffers from Stomach Wan Yong, one should discuss the deep and fine pulse. A deep and fine pulse indicates rebellious Qi; rebellion causes the Renying pulse to become contrary and vigorous. Thus, heat accumulates at the stomach opening and fails to circulate, resulting in an abscess in the epigastrium. The treatment method is the same as for Intestinal Yong: initially use dispersing and draining herbs to guide away stagnation, then use herbs to drain pus, detoxify, and support the interior for regulation. This is the general principle.

Zhang Zhongjing stated: At the onset of Stomach Yong, the Zhongwan point will definitely have dull pain and slight swelling, accompanied by alternating chills and fever resembling malaria, and skin that is rough and scaly like fish scales, without coughing or expectorating pus and blood. This is caused by dietary toxins and emotional fire, with heat accumulating at the stomach opening to form an abscess. If the pulse is deep and rapid, Qingwei Shegan Tang (Clear Stomach Belamcanda Decoction) should be administered to purge. If the pulse is choppy and sluggish, it indicates blood stasis, and Mudanpi Tang (Moutan Bark Decoction) should be administered to purge. If the pulse is surging and rapid, pus has formed, and Chidou Yiren Tang (Red Bean and Coix Seed Decoction) should be used to drain pus. If the body is fatigued, short of breath, thirsty, and urinating frequently, it indicates Lung Qi deficiency; Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber) and Wuweizi (Schisandra Berry) should be used to tonify.