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Gu Shicheng stated: Swelling and pain of the glans penis may be caused by damp-heat pouring downward in the Liver channel, presenting with redness, swelling, and distension; Longdan Xiegan Tang (Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver) should be used as the primary treatment, with Jieling Dan applied externally. It may also result from applying aphrodisiacs or improper sexual intercourse, presenting with swelling, oozing, and pain; Songluo Cha (Pine Moss Tea) should be used for washing, and Yuhong Gao (Jade Red Ointment) applied externally. It may also arise from visiting prostitutes or engaging in homosexual acts, contracting foul toxins, presenting with purple-dark swelling, yellowish crusts on the surface, inevitable pain in the urethra, and dribbling urination; otherwise, the penile skin tightens and covers the glans, forming Xiukou Gan Chuang (Sleeve-mouth Chancre). There are also cases where a red, tumor-like hard nodule appears below the glans, or a blister-like lesion with a watery sheen occurs, known as Jisu Gan Chuang (Chicken Crop Chancre). The general principle of treatment is to use Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) to purge and eliminate toxins. In cases of swelling due to injury during early marriage, Nong Gancao Tang (Strong Licorice Decoction) should be used for washing, followed by application of Yuhong Gao.

For severe swelling and hard pain of the glans penis (provided by Shen Yuanqiao): Use three eggs, separating the whites from the yolks. Insert the glans into the egg white, leave it for the time it takes to burn one incense stick, then remove it. Burn Munning Qingbu (a specific cloth/herb preparation) to ash while preserving its nature, grind one qian into fine powder, add one fen of Bingpian (Borneol), mix well, and apply externally. The swelling will subside overnight.
For swelling and pain of the glans penis: Take two toads, roast them over charcoal until the skin and flesh are removed, then roast the bones until crisp and grind into an extremely fine powder. Mix one fen of this powder with one fen of Bingpian (Borneol), grind uniformly, and sprinkle finely onto the affected area.
Another prescription: Use fresh branches of Guimantou (i.e., Mulberry fruit clusters), 3–4 liang, decoct in water for fumigation and washing to relieve pain and reduce swelling.
Another prescription:
Wo Niu (Snail, dried by roasting) Ku Fan (Alum) (equal parts)
Grind into fine powder. If the area is moist, sprinkle the dry powder; if dry, mix with Sesame Oil and apply.

Wang Kentang stated: Yin Tou Yong (Abscess of the Glans) arises at the glans penis. (From *Yi Zong Bi Du*)

Empirical Prescription: Grind Biejia (Tartar Testudinis, Turtle Shell) into powder, mix with Egg White, and apply topically.

Yu Kou (Fish Mouth)
Chen Shigong stated: Lesions on the left side are called Yu Kou, those on the right are called Bian Du. Located above the junction of the inner thighs, it is named Heng Xuan. (From *Wai Ke Zheng Zong*)
*Gui Yi Fang* states: Swellings arising in both popliteal fossae are called Bian Du.
Wang Kentang stated: Bian Du arises below the lower abdomen, between the junction of the inner thighs. Initially, it presents with alternating chills and fever, and swelling and pain in the groin area. The Kidney is the official of strength, storing essence and intelligence. When the great desires of men and women cannot be fulfilled, failed essence clashes with blood, stagnating and accumulating in the meridians, thus forming Bian Du. The junction between the thigh and lower abdomen is the pathway for the exit of essence and blood. Whether triggered by external stimuli causing emotional arousal, or nocturnal emissions without release, if yin-yang union is not achieved and desires are not extinguished, essence and blood stagnate together, forming swellings. In the initial stage, cold-natured drugs must strictly be avoided, lest they cause further stagnation of qi and blood, preventing circulation and leading to serious complications. Instead, one should resolve depression, dissipate qi, clear heat, and eliminate toxins, allowing essence and blood to circulate freely, leading to natural recovery. (From *Yi Zong Bi Du*)
Sun Yikui stated: Merchants who engage in illicit sex with unclean prostitutes often contract this syndrome. It may manifest as Chancre or Syphilis (Yang Mei Chuang), all resulting from excessive lustful fire. When unclean intercourse occurs, the lustful fire agitates the body, opening the skin and pores, thereby inviting toxins. In the initial stage, toxic-purging laxatives should be cautiously avoided. Why? Toxins enter through deficiency; if the Stomach qi is further weakened and the toxin sinks deeper, healing may take years. The quickest method is diaphoresis (sweating); secondarily, promoting urination is effective. Since the penis and groin creases are pathways of the Liver channel, and the Liver and Kidneys govern the lower jiao, with the Liver controlling urination, expelling toxins via urine follows physiological flow, ensuring rapid results within ten days. If sweating and diuresis have been attempted but the patient is robust with stubborn pathogens that do not disperse, use formulas that break toxicity, invigorate blood, and regulate qi. Once the toxin pathogen is dispersed, follow up with tonifying agents to support expulsion, maintaining the correct sequence of treatment.
Chen Shigong stated: Left-sided lesions are Yu Kou, right-sided are Bian Du. Both result from the intermingling of essence and blood, forming swellings at the junction of the inner thighs. (Yu Kou occurs at the junction of the left thigh and groin; Bian Du occurs at the junction of the right thigh and groin.) Swellings may also appear below the lower abdomen near the pubic hair line, named Heng Xuan, also known as Wai Shan (External Hernia). These three conditions rarely stem from laborious work and downward-pouring damp-heat; rather, they mostly arise from retaining semen during intercourse, forcing retention without emission, or having desires aroused but suppressed, causing essence and blood to intermingle, stagnate, and form swellings, often accompanied by internal attack of lustful toxins. However, since the toxin enters via the genitalia, it should exit via the same route. Treatment should focus on resolving stagnation, moving blood stasis, and promoting the free flow of both large and small bowels. In the initial stage, Tongshui Dan should be used to drive out the toxin; if ineffective, use Jiulong Dan or Shan Jia Neixiao San. After seven days, when the root is solidified and suppuration is feared, puncturing with fire needles is also effective. For cases already suppurated, taking Shiquan Dabu Tang (Decoction for Complete Great Tonification) facilitates healing; delay may lead to other difficult-to-treat complications. Strictly abstain from sexual activity. (From *Wai Ke Zheng Zong*)
He further stated: Cases caused by laborious work can be effectively treated and resolved using Simiao Tang (Four Marvels Decoction) for tonification and resolution.
Feng Luzhan stated: Bian Du arises below the lower abdomen, between the inner thighs. In children, it is usually Liver Fire or Liver Chancre, belonging to Heat-Toxin in the Liver channel, requiring Liver-draining methods adjusted according to blood-level toxins. In adults, it is mostly due to unfulfilled lustful desires, causing failed essence to clash with blood, stagnating in the meridians and forming toxins. Treatment should resolve depression, dissipate qi, clear heat, and eliminate toxins, allowing essence and blood to circulate freely for natural recovery. Occasionally, it results from unclean intercourse where lustful fire agitates the body, inviting toxins; such cases should first be treated with diaphoresis, followed by promoting urination. (From *Wai Ke Jin Nang*)
He also stated: In women, Heng Xuan may result from damp-heat pouring downward in the Liver channel or from anger injuring the Liver and Spleen. Symptoms include swelling and pain in the legs and lower abdomen, swelling and pain of the Yu Men (vaginal opening), aversion to cold with high fever, dysuria, acute abdominal pain, lower abdominal fullness, or upward attack to the hypochondrium, indicating Liver Fire and Blood Deficiency. Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) should be used. Using blood-resolving and toxin-attacking formulas indiscriminately would be a mistake.
Zhou Wencai stated: Bian Du initially presents with alternating chills and fever, and swelling and pain at the junction of the inner thighs. The Kidney is the official of strength, storing essence and will. When great desires cannot be fulfilled, failed essence clashes with blood, stagnating midway to form Bian Du. The junction between the legs and lower abdomen is the pathway for essence and blood. Whether triggered by external stimuli or nocturnal emissions without release, if yin-yang union is not achieved and desires are not extinguished, essence and blood stagnate together, forming swellings. In the initial stage, cold-natured drugs must strictly be avoided, lest they cause further凝结 (condensation/stagnation) of qi and blood, preventing dispersion and leading to serious complications. Instead, one should disperse cold qi, clear heat, and eliminate toxins, allowing essence and blood to circulate freely for natural recovery. (From *Ji Yan Liang Fang*)
Shen Douyuan stated: Yong Ju (Brave Abscess), commonly known as Yu Kou, arises at Chongmen Acupoint. (From *Qi Xuan Zhi Zhang*)
Xue Lizhai stated: Yu Kou is so named because its shape resembles a fish mouth, gaping open. After ulceration, movement and stretching should be strictly avoided to prevent difficulty in healing. This condition has male and female distinctions: "Male" lesions are small, elongated, and easier to treat; "Female" lesions are large, round, and there may be three or four of them. For female Yu Kou, moxibustion with mugwort cones in the early stage can cause the others to resolve spontaneously.
*Xin Fa Yao Jue* (Essentials of Medical Methods) stated: Heng Xuan Ju (Heng Xuan Carbuncle) appears in the crease of the left thigh, shaped like a clam; Yin Ju (Yin Carbuncle) appears in the crease of the right thigh, also shaped like a clam. These belong to the Three Yin channels, formed by stagnation and condensation of the Seven Emotions. They present as diffuse swelling, hardness, and intermittent pain, which may radiate to the testicles and lower abdomen. They may take one to two months to ulcerate, indicating deep pus. If the pus is thick after rupture, healing is possible; however, if it is purulent fluid (baijiang), healing is difficult, and it may eventually become a fistula.
It further stated: If pus flows continuously for a long time and worms resembling roundworms appear, this is due to prolonged stagnation of deep pus and is considered a adverse sign (Ni).
*Xin Fa Yao Jue* stated: Bian Du is also known as Xue Shan (Blood Hernia) or Bian Yong (Genital Abscess). It can occur in both men and women, appearing below the lower abdomen, above the root of the leg, in the crease. It belongs to the Liver and Kidney channels, caused by excessive sexual activity, retained semen, or unfulfilled desires, leading to essence clashing with blood, stagnating midway. It may also result from violent anger injuring the Liver, causing qi stagnation and blood coagulation. Yu Kou, arising in the crease, has a large ulcerated opening that closes when standing and opens when bending, resembling the opening and closing of a fish mouth, hence the name.