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This is the preceding formula (Mahuang Tang) with Gancao removed and Xixin added, used to treat Shaoyin disease. If fever occurs after onset with a deep pulse, *Neijing* states: "When cold invades internally, treat it with sweet and acrid substances to moisten." The sweetness of Mahuang resolves the cold of Shaoyin; the acridity of Xixin and Fuzi warms the meridians of Shaoyin. A deep and small pulse indicates Shaoyin involvement.

This is Mahuang Tang plus Baizhu (4 liang), used to treat patients with dampness experiencing bodily restlessness and pain, or wind-dampness clashing causing swelling above the waist.

This is Mahuang Tang without Guizhi, adding Yiyiren, used to treat wind-dampness causing whole-body pain, afternoon fever (at Shen hour), caused by sweating while exposed to wind or seeking coolness.

This is Mahuang Tang without Guizhi, adding Lianyao (2 liang), Chixiaodou (1 sheng), and Zibapi (1 jin), decocted with Shengjiang and Dazao, used to treat yellowing of the body following Shanghan; this decoction is the primary treatment.

This is Mahuang Tang plus Shengdi, used to treat women with Shanghan presenting with a floating and tight pulse, headache, fever, aversion to cold, and anhidrosis, where there is fear of heat entering the Blood Chamber after sweating.

This is Mahuang Tang plus Huangqin, used to treat wheezing, thirst, and qi stagnation. Another variation removes Xingren and adds Shaoyao and Huangqin, used for pediatric Shanghan with alternating chills and fever, anhidrosis, and headache.

This is Mahuang Tang plus Shengjiang, Dazao, and Shigao, used to treat Taiyang Wind Strike with a floating and tight pulse, fever, aversion to cold, body pain, anhidrosis, and irritability. It also treats cases with a floating and slow pulse, no body pain but heaviness that fluctuates, and absence of Shaoyin signs. If the pulse is weak, with sweating and aversion to wind, it is contraindicated; ingestion may lead to cold limbs, twitching of sinews, and muscle fasciculations.

Cheng Wuji notes: Qinglong corresponds to the Wood Spirit of the East, aligns with Spring, governs the Liver, and directs the generating force, serving as the master of distributing Ying Qi. Just as sprouting plants have two divisions, the Liver has two lobes. Mahuang disperses cold within the Ying; Guizhi...

This is Mahuang Tang without Xingren, adding Shaoyao, Ganjiang, Xixin, Banxia, and Wuweizi, used to treat Shanghan where the exterior is unresolved and fluid retention exists in the epigastrium, manifesting as dry retching, fever, and cough, or possibly thirst, diarrhea, dysphagia, difficulty urinating with lower abdominal fullness, or wheezing. It also treats Shanghan with fluid retention in the epigastrium causing cough and slight wheezing. Cheng Wuji states: For unresolved exterior Shanghan, Mahuang Tang can induce sweating; for unresolved exterior Wind Strike, Guizhi Tang can disperse. Only when the exterior is unresolved AND fluid retention exists in the epigastrium can neither Mahuang Tang nor Guizhi Tang suffice; Xiaoqinglong Tang is required to dispel pathogenic factors from both interior and exterior. He further states: Cold pathogens on the exterior cannot be dispersed without sweet and acrid agents. The sweet and acrid nature of Mahuang and Gancao disperses exterior pathogens. Fluid retention in the epigastrium fails to circulate, leading to dryness of Kidney Qi. *Neijing* says: "The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently consume acrid substances to moisten it." The acridity of Ganjiang and Banxia moves fluid and moistens the Kidney. Wheezing and cough indicate rebellious Lung Qi. *Neijing* says: "The Lung desires restriction; urgently consume sour substances to restrict it." The sourness of Shaoyao and Wuweizi restricts rebellious Qi and calms the Lung. Modifications: For mild diarrhea, remove Mahuang and add Raohua (fried until red); for severe diarrhea, do not attack the exterior, as sweating will cause distension. Mahuang disperses Yang; water entering the Stomach causes diarrhea; Raohua drains water from the twelve channels, stopping diarrhea once water is eliminated. For thirst, remove Banxia and add 3 liang of Gualougen, because Banxia is acrid and drying, damaging fluids, whereas thirst indicates fluid deficiency, so Gualougen is added to generate fluids. For dysphagia, remove Mahuang and add one prepared Fuzi. Classics state: Water meeting cold energy creates cold clashing, causing [cold stagnation]. Add Fuzi to warm and disperse cold-water pathology. Patients with cold conditions who sweat again may vomit roundworms due to cold in the Stomach; thus, remove Mahuang to avoid further sweating. For difficulty urinating and lower abdominal fullness, remove Mahuang and add 4 liang of Fuling. Water accumulation in the Lower Jiao obstructs urination and causes fullness; Mahuang disperses fluids outward, which is inappropriate here; Fuling drains accumulated water downward, which is appropriate. For wheezing, remove Mahuang and add half a sheng of Xingren (skin and tip removed). *Jingui Yaolue* states: Due to bodily edema, Mahuang is not used; instead, Xingzi (Xingren) is used to calm wheezing, as edema and fluid retention are related in root and manifestation.