且夫医眼之法。最为多端。非则一体。不可以为轻慢。如患目昏不明。非有一状。肝肾虚。而近视不快。脾虚。而
见白花。气虚。而瞻视茫茫。血虚。则飞蝇散乱。血冷。则瞳人开张。肾虚。则瞳人缩小。或不明者。气不和也。黑花
散乱者。乃精血虚也。更迎风泪不止者。或昏。是思虑伤也。膀胱损也。最宜用和血壮气，切不可针镰割点。只宜服收
花平补之药也。
第一问。眼赤痛者何也。答曰。此乃五脏积毒于肝之外家。受邪热。使血乱于肝经。故目赤而痛也。服局方八正散。
局方八正散方
车前子 瞿麦 扁蓄 滑石 甘草 栀子 木通 大黄（各等分）
上 咀。每服一两。水二钟。灯心七茎。煎至八分。去滓。食后温服。
第二问。目赤而不痛者何也。答曰。此肝之实也。肝者血源。其候在目。血乃肝之实。血盛则流入四肢。血气上冲。
流注于目。血侵于睛，睛受其血。故赤而不痛。宜用局方拨云散。秘方顺肝散、退赤散。如治目痛。热泪流。昏涩肿胀，
宜用秘方拨云散方。
局方拨云散方
羌活 防风 柴胡 甘草（各等分）
上为末。每服二钱。水一钟半。煎至一钟。临卧薄荷菊花茶清汤下。亦得忌用藏盐酱酢湿面炙爆。发热动风等物。
秘方顺肝散方
生地黄 当归 大黄 栝蒌仁（各等分）
上为末。每服一钱。水一钟调下。或用新汲水半钟调下。
退赤散方
生地黄 木通 甘草 栀子（各等分）
上为细末。每服二钱。用竹叶汤调下。食后日进三服。
秘方拨云散方
川芎 荆芥 薄荷 甘草 决明子 当归 防风 熟地黄 木贼 旋复花 大黄 石膏（各等分）
上为细末。每服二钱。食后用茶清调下。如目赤 肉侵睛者。用淡竹叶汤调下。
第三问。目赤者何也。答曰。此肝之虚也。肝生木。木生火。火发木灭。火属心。赤灌大 ，侵睛则肿。宜服秘传
黄丸、活血煎、当归丸。
秘传黄 丸方
黄 （蜜炙） 防风 茴香（炒） 白蒺藜（炒） 牡丹皮（各等分）
上为末。酒糊为丸如桐子大。每服三十丸。食后盐汤下。或酒亦可。妇人用艾醋汤下。
活血煎方
当归（一两） 地黄 川芎 香白芷 羌活（各五钱） 乳香 没药（各一钱另研）
上为细末，炼蜜为丸桐子大。每服三十丸。薄荷荆芥汤下。或茶清亦可。
当归丸方 上方秘传黄 丸内去黄 。加当归。名当归丸。
第四问。大 赤者何也。答曰，此心实也。五轮分布。大 属心。心者。帝王南面之尊。其候在大 赤者。乃心实
也。宜用三黄丸、菊花散。
三黄丸方
黄连（去皮） 黄芩（去芦） 大黄（各等分）
上为细末。炼蜜为丸如桐子大。每服三十丸。热水送下。如脏壅实。加栝蒌。小儿积。宜可服之。
菊花散方
白蒺藜（炒） 羌活（去芦） 木贼（去节） 蝉蜕（三两去头足） 菊花（六两去梗）
上 咀。每服三钱。食后临卧茶清调下。常服清利头目。洗肝去风。忌发风淹炙爆等物。
第五问。小 赤者何也。答曰。此心之虚也。心者。五脏六腑之宗。上应荣卫。其属南方之位。五行生杀。火生土。
土实则火虚。小 赤者。心之虚也。宜服茯苓散、定光朱砂膏。
茯苓散方
白附子 玄参（各五钱） 白茯苓（七钱五分） 川续断 白僵蚕（各一两）
上 咀。每服三钱。水一钟半。煎至半钟。去渣温服。
定光朱砂膏
滑石（水飞） 沙蜜（各五钱） 朱砂 片脑
上为极细末，煎蜜作膏。每用铜箸点大小 内立效。
第六问，目睛多泪出者何也。答曰。此乃肺之实也。肺乃西方庚辛金也。金生水。水发则流注。金属肺经。则其色
白。五轮八廓经曰。泪本肺之精华。目出眵而硬者。肺之实也。宜用秘方泻肺汤。
泻肺汤方
桑白皮 地骨皮 甘草（各等分）
上 咀。每服一两。水一钟半。煎至一钟。食后服。
第七问。怕日羞明者何也。答曰。此脾之实也。脾属土。土生湿气。气结传肺。肺受脾邪。上腾于目。目受脾之湿
气。脾主肌。内热难开。属太阳。真气腾其上。土湿稍胜。精华涩结。不荣于目。宜用秘方密蒙花散、千里光汤、局方
羊肝丸。
千里光汤方
千里光（即石决明） 海金沙 甘草 菊花（分两同）
上 咀。每服八钱。水一钟半。煎至一钟。去渣食后温服。
秘方密蒙花散方
石决明（ ） 木贼 枸杞子 白蒺藜 青葙子 羌活 菊花 蔓荆子（各等分）
上 咀。每服一两。水二钟。煎至一钟。去渣食后温服。
局方羊肝丸
白羊肝一具（净洗去膜） 黄连（细罗）
上将羊肝先安盆内。研烂。旋旋入黄连末拌匀得所。为丸如桐子大。每服四十丸。食后温浆水下。连作五剂。诸般
眼疾。障翳青盲皆主之。禁食猪肉及冷水。
第八问。视物不明者何也。答曰。此脾脏虚也。目轮属五脏。青黄白黑也。黄轮属脾。即揭睛是也。目本应其色青。
属木。脾土被肝木所克。青黄相争。不青不黄。目睛杂色。而视物不明也。宜服秘方苍术汤、千里光汤（方见前）。
秘方苍术汤方
苍术 玄参 甘草 远志 茺蔚子（各等分）
上 咀。每服五钱。水一钟半。煎至一钟。秦皮一片。食后温服。渣再煎。
第九问，眼常见黑花如绳牵者何也。答曰。此肾脏之实也。肾属水。其应北方黑色。乃肝之母。母实。肝肾之邪伤
于经，胆者目之经。神水之源。肾邪入目。时复落落蝇羽者。肾之实也。宜用秘方猪苓汤，苦参汤。
秘方猪苓汤方
猪苓 木通 栀子 大黄 金毛狗脊 蓄（各等分）
上 咀。每服五钱。水一钟半。煎至一钟。去渣温服。无时。
苦参汤方
苦参 地骨皮（各半两） 丹参（三钱） 乳香（三钱另研）
上 咀。每服五钱。水一钟半。煎至一钟。去渣温服。无时。
第十问。迎风有泪者何也。答曰，此肾家虚也。五轮曰黑睛属肾。肝属木。木生风。肾属水，水枯不能滋木。故迎
风有泪。肾之虚也。用石燕子散、艾煎丸、蚕沙汤。服此药一止其泪。大有神效。
石燕子散方
石燕子（一双 醋淬十次） 玳瑁 羚羊角（各一两） 犀角（五钱）
上为末。用好酒薄荷汤或茶清。食后调下。
艾煎丸方
艾叶（醋炒） 肉苁蓉 川牛膝（酒浸） 甘草 桑叶（向东者用） 山药 牛膝（炒） 当归（各等分）
上为末极细。炼蜜为丸如桐子大。每服十丸。茶清调下。
蚕沙汤方
蚕沙（四两炒） 巴戟（去皮） 川楝肉 马蔺花（各二两去梗）
上为细末。每服二钱。无灰酒。不拘时候调下。
第十一问，目中红筋附睛者何也。答曰。此乃心之肝也，心属火。火主血。肝属木。木主筋。血侵于筋者。肝之候。
血者肝之源。传入目。渐灌瞳人。故曰侵睛也。宜服当归散主之。
当归散
当归 防风苗（炮） 蒺藜（炒） 牡丹皮（各等分）
上为末。每服二钱。生葱薄荷茶清调下。或作 咀。煎服亦可。
第十二问。白膜遮睛者何也。答曰。此乃肺克肝也。肝属木。肺属金。金能克木。金色白。风邪肺克肝也。甚则火
旺。白轮胜者。轮在睛上。复即灌交。是母子相刑。五花白膜遮睛。故金克木。宜用秘方连翘散、蝉花散、密蒙花散（方
在七问下）。
秘方连翘散方
连翘 栀子 甘草 朴硝 黄芩 薄荷（各等分）
上为末。每服三钱。茶清调下。无根水亦可。
秘方蝉花散方
蝉花（一两） 菊花（四两） 白蒺藜（二两）
上为末。每服三钱。清水调下。
第十三问。目中迎风受痒者何也。答曰。肝邪自传。肝属木。风动即痒也。宜用秘方二处膏、局方明目地黄丸。
秘方二处膏 将田螺养开。掩入黄连末。焙干为末。入脑、麝二味各少许。绵裹泡水洗眼。
明目地黄丸
生地黄（洗） 熟地黄（各一两） 牛膝（三两各浸） 石斛 枳壳（炒） 防风（各四两） 杏仁（二两去皮尖
火炒黄细研去油）
上为细末。炼蜜为丸如桐子大。每服三十丸。空心温水下。或米汤下。忌一切风动诸物。
第十四问，目中常早晨昏者何也。答曰。此乃头风攻冲于头。目者太阳之首。肝脏为阳。气旺故使头风攻注于目。
宜服局方芎菊散、白蒺藜散、石膏散。
局方芎菊散方
川芎 菊花 甘草（各一两） 薄荷（二两） 防风（七钱半） 白芷（五钱）
上为末。每服三钱。食后茶清下。伤风头眩。用无根水调下尤速。
白蒺藜散方
白蒺藜 细辛 蓄 白芷 □香（各等分）
上为细末。每服一钱。米汤调下。或温酒亦可。食后日进三服。
石膏散方
石膏 石决明（ ） 荆芥 白芷 川芎 防风 旋复花（各等分）
上为细末。每服一钱。食后薄荷生葱茶清调下。日进三服。
第十五问。常目中昏者何也。答曰。乃痰之所作也，在巳午时。真阳之气火胜。心胜肺。肺壅痰灾。时复浑浑而昏
也。宜用局方辰砂化痰丸、局方玉壶丸。
局方辰砂化痰丸方
枯白矾 辰砂（五钱） 南星（一两炮） 半夏（一两）
上将白矾、半夏、南星为末，和匀。生姜汁煮面糊。为丸桐子大。每服十丸。食后姜汤下。仍用朱砂为衣。亦治小
儿风壅痰嗽。一岁服一丸。捣碎。用薄荷生姜调下。
局方玉壶丸散
南星 半夏 天麻（各五钱） 重罗白面（三两）
上为细末。滴水为丸。如桐子大。每服三十丸。水一钟。煎沸令下药煮五七滚。候药浮。漉出。别用生姜下。
不拘时。
第十六问。目常暮昏者何也。答曰。此脑者天真。万物行于阳道。不行阴道。至申酉戌时。寒气欲生。脑损则风寒
所致。目中微昏不真。到晚宜衣。灸风火穴。
第十七问。目夜间昏者何也。答曰。此阴毒肾盛也。经云。阴好静。阳好动。血散漫而不行阴道。寒邪克之。致使
寒气太盛。寒气者属阴。旺在申时。乃一阳之气生。故夜痛目昏。宜用六问泻肝汤。九问内苦参汤。
第十八问。目中浮翳遮睛者何也。答曰。此乃肺经大热。肺者西方庚辛金。其色白。肺者气之源。气盛则热。血盛
则寒。肺之热气灌注瞳人木之气。白膜者肺之苗。根盛苗盛。白膜遮者。肺经热也。宜用二问顺肝散。四问局方三黄丸。
六问泻肺汤。
第十九问。旋螺突睛者何也。答曰。此睛损也。目者。五脏之源六腑之宗。脏腑积热。外发于肝脏。肝脏更衰。而
发疮疖。脓血结硬。其睛突也。宜用秘方琥珀膏、救睛丸。
秘方琥珀膏方（一名立蜕散、一名定志丸）
人参（二钱） 石菖蒲（炮） 天门冬（去心） 远志（去心） 预知子（各一两） 白茯苓 麦门冬（各一两去
心）
上为细末。炼蜜为丸如桐子大。每服十丸。朱砂为衣。茶清下或水亦可。
救睛丸方
栀子 薄荷叶 赤芍药 枸杞子（各二两） 苍术（三两）
上为末。酒糊为丸如桐子大。每服三十丸，井花水送下。或茶清下亦可。年壮之人可服。如是年老之人。可于前方
内。加茯苓三两尤妙。
第二十问。目睛倒出者何也。答曰。脏之损也。眼应五行。青黄赤白黑。内应心肝脾肺肾。五脏者目宗源。睛深枯
入者。五脏损也。宜服前秘方琥珀膏（方见十九问下）。
第二十一问。青膜遮睛者何也。答曰。此病证是外障也。目神为水之源。精华之腑。五脏蕴积，攻冲外发于目。目
属肝。其色青。宜用蝉花散（方见十二问下）、顺肝散（方见二问下）、秘方洗肝散、许学士方。
秘方洗肝散方
熟地黄 大黄 栀子 当归 甘草 干葛（各五钱） 赤芍药 甘松 黄芩（各三两）
上为细末。每服三钱。米泔调下。
许学士方
大黄 芍药 石决明（ ） 黄芩 人参 栀子 甘草（各等分）
上为细末。每服三钱。食后清水调下。
第二十二问。瞳人倒者何也。答曰∶此病多是内障病。五行应变。应变升为气。气血皆衰。荣卫凝滞，不得荣于目
也。宜用救睛丸（方见十九问下）。活血煎（方见三问下）、秘方琥珀膏（方见十九问下）、秘方生犀角丸、生犀升麻汤。
秘方生犀角丸方
犀角 麻黄 防风 石决明 当归 楮实子 枸杞子（各等分）
上为细末。面糊为丸如桐子大，每服三十丸。茶清下。小儿量大小。加减丸数。
生犀升麻汤方
犀角（一两一线） 川升麻 防风 白附子 白芷 黄芩（各五钱） 甘草（一钱）
上 咀。每服三钱。水一钟半。煎至一半钟。去渣再煎∶日进三服在食后。
第二十三问。头晕眼见赤乱星乱者何也。答曰。此乃血衰也。血者心经也。周流百脉于六阳之首。阳经不行。故目
昏也。宜用活血煎、（方见三问下）地黄丸、石膏散（方见十四问下）。此方按素问云。久血伤血。血主肝。故谨书伤肝
主目昏。肝伤则自生风。热气上凑。目故昏也，此药大能养血明目。其功不可尽述。
地黄丸（系许学士方）
Moreover, the methods for treating eye diseases are numerous and complex. They are not limited to a single pattern and should not be treated lightly or with negligence. For instance, when suffering from blurred vision (myopia/amblyopia), it is not just one symptom. Deficiency of the Liver and Kidney leads to difficulty in focusing on near objects; Spleen deficiency causes seeing white spots; Qi deficiency results in vague vision; Blood deficiency manifests as floating flies (floaters); Cold Blood leads to dilation of the pupil; Kidney deficiency leads to constriction of the pupil. Or, unclear vision may be due to disharmony of Qi. Scattered black flowers indicate deficiency of Essence and Blood. Furthermore, continuous tearing upon exposure to wind, accompanied by intermittent blurriness, suggests injury from excessive thinking affecting the Heart, and damage to the Bladder. It is most appropriate to use herbs that harmonize Blood, strengthen Qi, and tonify Yuan Qi. One must absolutely avoid using needles, blades, or cauterization. Only mild, balancing, and tonifying medications for preserving vision should be taken.
Question 1: What causes redness and pain in the eyes?
Answer: This is caused by accumulated toxins from the Five Viscera gathering in the exterior of the Liver (the sclera). After contracting pathogenic Heat, the Blood becomes chaotic within the Liver Meridian, resulting in redness and pain. The patient should take Ba Zheng San (Eight-Justice Powder) from the *Ju Fang* (Imperial Formulary).
**Ba Zheng San Formula:** Che Qian Zi (Plantaginis Semen), Qu Mai (Dianthi Herba), Bian Xu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba), Hua Shi (Talcum), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) [all in equal proportions].
Prepare the herbs by cutting them. Take 1 liang per dose, add two bowls of water and seven stems of Deng Xin Cao (Junci Medulla), decoct until reduced to 80%. Strain and take warm after meals.
Question 2: What causes redness without pain in the eyes?
Answer: This indicates Excess in the Liver. The Liver is the source of Blood, and its manifestations appear in the eyes. When Blood is abundant, it represents Liver Excess. Excessive Blood flows to the four limbs, while Qi and Blood rush upward and flow into the eyes. When Blood invades the eyeball, it becomes red but not painful. It is suitable to use Bo Yun San (Cloud-Dispelling Powder) from the *Ju Fang*, Shun Gan San (Liver-Pacifying Powder) secret recipe, and Tui Chi San (Red-Removing Powder). If treating eye pain with hot tears, blurriness, dryness, and swelling, use the secret formula Bo Yun San.
**Bo Yun San Formula (*Ju Fang*):** Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Take before sleep with clear tea made from Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos). Avoid eating preserved salt, soy sauce, vinegar, damp noodles, roasted/fried foods, and other items that generate heat or stir wind.
**Shun Gan San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Gua Lou Ren (Trichosanthis Semen) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mix with 1 bowl of water. Alternatively, mix with half a bowl of fresh well water.
**Tui Chi San Formula:** Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mix with Zhu Ye (Bambusae Folium) decoction. Take three times daily after meals.
**Bo Yun San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jue Ming Zi (Cassiae Semen), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Mu Zei (Equiseti Herba), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose after meals, mixed with clear tea. If there is redness and flesh invading the cornea (Pterygium), mix with Dan Zhu Ye (Bambusae Folium) decoction.
Question 3: What causes redness in the eyes?
Answer: This indicates Deficiency of the Liver. The Liver belongs to Wood, Wood generates Fire. When Fire flares, Wood is extinguished. Fire corresponds to the Heart. Redness flooding the Black Wheel (pupil/cornea) and invading the eyeball causes swelling. It is suitable to take Mi Chuan Huang Wan (Secret Yellow Pill), Huo Xue Jian (Blood-Invigorating Decoction), and Dang Gui Wan (Angelica Pill).
**Mi Chuan Huang Wan Formula:** Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [honey-fried], Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Hui Xiang (Foeniculi Fructus) [stir-fried], Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus) [stir-fried], Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder, make pills with wine paste the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills after meals with salt water, or wine is also acceptable. Women should take with Ai Cu Tang (Mugwort and Vinegar Decoction).
**Huo Xue Jian Formula:** Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) [1 liang], Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xiang Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) [each 5 qian], Ru Xiang (Olibanum), Mo Yao (Myrrha) [each 1 qian, separately ground].
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills with Bo He Jing Jie Tang (Mint and Schizonepeta Decoction), or clear tea is also acceptable.
**Dang Gui Wan Formula:** Remove Huang Qin from the above Mi Chuan Huang Wan formula, add Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), named Dang Gui Wan.
Question 4: What causes redness of the Black Wheel (pupil)?
Answer: This is Heart Excess. In the distribution of the Five Wheels, the Black Wheel belongs to the Heart. The Heart is the sovereign sitting facing south. Its manifestation is in the Black Wheel. Redness of the Black Wheel indicates Heart Excess. It is suitable to use San Huang Wan (Three-Yellow Pill) and Ju Hua San (Chrysanthemum Powder).
**San Huang Wan Formula:** Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) [peeled], Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [removed rhizome], Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) [equal proportions].
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills with warm water. If there is visceral stagnation and excess, add Gua Lou (Trichosanthis Fructus). Suitable for children with accumulation.
**Ju Hua San Formula:** Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus) [stir-fried], Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) [remove rhizome], Mu Zei (Equiseti Herba) [remove joints], Chan Tui (Cicadae Periostracum) [3 liang, remove head and feet], Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos) [6 liang, remove stems].
Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose after meals and before sleep, mixed with clear tea. Regular use clears and benefits the head and eyes, washes the Liver, and expels wind. Avoid foods that trigger wind or are fried/roasted.
Question 5: What causes redness around the Black Wheel?
Answer: This is Heart Deficiency. The Heart is the master of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels, corresponding to Ying and Wei above, and belonging to the Southern position. In the generation and destruction of the Five Elements, Fire generates Earth. When Earth is excessive, Fire becomes deficient. Redness around the Black Wheel indicates Heart Deficiency. It is suitable to take Fu Ling San (Poria Powder) and Ding Guang Zhu Sha Gao (Stabilizing Light Cinnabar Ointment).
**Fu Ling San Formula:** Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma), Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) [each 5 qian], Bai Fu Ling (Poria) [7.5 qian], Chuan Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix), Bai Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus) [each 1 liang].
Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to half a bowl. Strain and take warm.
**Ding Guang Zhu Sha Gao:** Hua Shi (Talcum) [water-flown], Sha Mi (Honey) [each 5 qian], Zhu Sha (Cinnabaris), Pian Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum).
Grind into extremely fine powder, decoct honey to make an ointment. Use a copper chopstick to apply inside the pupils for immediate effect.
Question 6: What causes frequent tearing from the eyes?
Answer: This is Lung Excess. The Lung belongs to Metal of Geng-Xin in the West. Metal generates Water. When Water moves, it flows. Metal corresponds to the Lung Meridian, and its color is white. The *Classic of Five Wheels and Eight Palaces* states: Tears are the essence of the Lung. Discharge of thick discharge (eye boogers) that hardens indicates Lung Excess. It is suitable to use the secret formula Xie Fei Tang (Lung-Draining Decoction).
**Xie Fei Tang Formula:** Sang Bai Pi (Mori Cortex), Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [equal proportions].
Cut into pieces. Take 1 liang per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Take after meals.
Question 7: What causes photophobia and aversion to sunlight?
Answer: This is Spleen Excess. The Spleen belongs to Earth, which generates Dampness. Qi condenses and transmits to the Lung. The Lung receives Spleen pathogenic factors, which ascend to the eyes. The eyes receive Spleen Dampness. The Spleen governs muscles; internal heat makes opening difficult, relating to the Taiyang channel. True Qi ascends, Earth Dampness slightly prevails, essence becomes astringent and knotted, failing to nourish the eyes. It is suitable to use the secret formula Mi Meng Hua San (Blind-Cherry Blossom Powder), Qian Li Guang Tang (Light-of-a-Thousand-Miles Decoction), and *Ju Fang* Yang Gan Wan (Sheep Liver Pill).
**Qian Li Guang Tang Formula:** Qian Li Guang (Siegesbeckiae Herba, i.e., Shi Jue Ming/Haliotidis Concha), Hai Jin Sha (Spora Lygodii), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos) [same proportions].
Cut into pieces. Take 8 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Strain and take warm after meals.
**Mi Meng Hua San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Shi Jue Ming (Haliotidis Concha), Mu Zei (Equiseti Herba), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus), Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus), Qing Xiang Zi (Celosiae Semen), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Man Jing Zi (Viticis Fructus) [all in equal proportions].
Cut into pieces. Take 1 liang per dose, add 2 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Strain and take warm after meals.
**Yang Gan Wan (*Ju Fang*):** White Sheep Liver 1 piece (cleaned, membrane removed), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) [finely sifted].
Place the sheep liver in a basin first, grind thoroughly, then gradually add Huang Lian powder, mix well. Make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 40 pills after meals with warm grain water. Complete five courses. Treats various eye diseases, including cataracts and blindness. Avoid pork and cold water.
Question 8: What causes unclear vision?
Answer: This is Spleen Viscera Deficiency. The Eye Wheel belongs to the Five Viscera, showing colors green, yellow, white, and black. The Yellow Wheel belongs to the Spleen, referring to the eyelids. The eye originally corresponds to the color green, belonging to Wood. Spleen Earth is controlled by Liver Wood. Green and Yellow contend, resulting in neither green nor yellow, but mixed colors in the eyes, causing unclear vision. It is suitable to take Cang Zhu Tang (Atractylodis Rhizoma Decoction) secret recipe and Qian Li Guang Tang (see previous question).
**Cang Zhu Tang Formula (Secret Recipe):** Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix), Chong Wei Zi (Leonuri Fructus) [all in equal proportions].
Cut into pieces. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Add one piece of Qin Pi (Fraxini Cortex), take warm after meals. Decoct the dregs again.
Question 9: What causes seeing black flowers like ropes pulling?
Answer: This is Kidney Excess. The Kidney belongs to Water, corresponding to the North and the color black. It is the Mother of the Liver. When the Mother is Excess, pathogenic factors of the Liver and Kidney injure the meridians. The Gallbladder is the meridian of the eye and the source of Divine Water. When Kidney pathogenic factors enter the eye, fly-like shadows fall intermittently, indicating Kidney Excess. It is suitable to use the secret formula Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) and Ku Shen Tang (Sophora Decoction).
**Zhu Ling Tang Formula (Secret Recipe):** Zhu Ling (Polyporus), Mu Tong (Akebiae Caulis), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Jin Mao Gou Ji (Cibotii Rhizoma), Xu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba) [all in equal proportions].
Cut into pieces. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Strain and take warm at any time.
**Ku Shen Tang Formula:** Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix), Di Gu Pi (Lycii Cortex) [each half liang], Dan Shen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [3 qian], Ru Xiang (Olibanum) [3 qian, separately ground].
Cut into pieces. Take 5 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to 1 bowl. Strain and take warm at any time.
Question 10: What causes tearing upon exposure to wind?
Answer: This is Kidney Home Deficiency. The Five Wheels state the Black Cornea belongs to the Kidney. The Liver belongs to Wood, Wood generates Wind. The Kidney belongs to Water; if Water is dried up, it cannot nourish Wood. Thus, tearing occurs upon exposure to wind. This is Kidney Deficiency. Use Shi Yan Zi San (Stone Swallow Powder), Ai Jian Wan (Mugwort Paste Pill), and Can Sha Tang (Silkworm Sand Decoction). Taking these medicines stops tearing with great efficacy.
**Shi Yan Zi San Formula:** Shi Yan Zi (Swallow Stone) [one pair, quenched in vinegar ten times], Dai Mao (Testudo Carapax et Plastrum), Ling Yang Jiao (Antilopis Cornu) [each 1 liang], Xi Jiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) [5 qian].
Grind into powder. Mix with good wine, Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) decoction, or clear tea. Take after meals.
**Ai Jian Wan Formula:** Ai Ye (Artemisiae Argyi Folium) [stir-fried with vinegar], Rou Cong Rong (Cistanches Herba), Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathulae Radix) [soaked in wine], Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Sang Ye (Mori Folium) [use those facing east], Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) [stir-fried], Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into extremely fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of tung seeds. Take 10 pills with clear tea.
**Can Sha Tang Formula:** Can Sha (Bombyx Batryticatus) [4 liang, stir-fried], Ba Ji (Morinda Officinalis Radix) [skin removed], Chuan Lian Rou (Toosendan Fructus), Ma Lin Hua (Iris Laevigatae Flos) [each 2 liang, remove stems].
Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose with non-intoxicating wine, at any time.
Question 11: What causes red veins attaching to the eyeball?
Answer: This involves both Heart and Liver. The Heart belongs to Fire, Fire governs Blood. The Liver belongs to Wood, Wood governs Tendons. When Blood invades the tendons, it is a sign of the Liver. Blood is the source of the Liver, transmitting to the eyes, gradually flooding the pupil. Hence, it is called "invading the eyeball." It is suitable to treat with Dang Gui San (Angelica Powder).
**Dang Gui San:** Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Fang Feng Miao (Schizonepetae Herba tip) [fried], Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus) [stir-fried], Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mix with raw scallion, Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), and clear tea. Alternatively, cut into pieces and decoct.
Question 12: What causes a white membrane covering the eyeball?
Answer: This is Lung controlling Liver. The Liver belongs to Wood, the Lung belongs to Metal. Metal controls Wood. Metal's color is white. Wind pathogen attacks the Lung, which controls the Liver. Severe cases involve flourishing Fire. When the White Wheel (sclera) prevails, the wheel is on the eyeball, intersecting, representing mutual punishment between mother and child. A five-flowered white membrane covers the eye, thus Metal controls Wood. It is suitable to use Lian Qiao San (Forsythia Powder), Chan Hua San (Cicada Flower Powder), and Mi Meng Hua San (see Question 7).
**Lian Qiao San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Lian Qiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose with clear tea. Unrooted water is also acceptable.
**Chan Hua San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Chan Hua (Cordyceps Militaris), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos) [4 liang], Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus) [2 liang].
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose with clear water.
Question 13: What causes itching in the eyes upon exposure to wind?
Answer: This is Liver Pathogen self-transmission. The Liver belongs to Wood; when Wind moves, itching occurs. It is suitable to use Er Chu Gao (Two-Place Ointment) secret recipe and Ming Mu Di Huang Wan (Bright-Eye Rehmannia Pill) *Ju Fang*.
**Er Chu Gao Formula (Secret Recipe):** Raise field snails, stuff with Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) powder, bake dry and grind into powder. Add small amounts of Pian Nao (Borneolum Syntheticum) and She Xiang (Moschus). Wrap in cotton, soak in water, and wash the eyes.
**Ming Mu Di Huang Wan:** Sheng Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) [washed], Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) [each 1 liang], Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) [3 liang, each soaked], Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus) [stir-fried], Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) [each 4 liang], Xing Ren (Pruni Semen) [2 liang, remove skin and tips, stir-fry until yellow, grind finely, remove oil].
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills on an empty stomach with warm water or rice soup. Avoid all wind-stirring substances.
Question 14: What causes morning blurriness in the eyes?
Answer: This is Head Wind attacking the head. The eyes are the head of the Taiyang channel. The Liver is Yang; vigorous Qi causes Head Wind to attack the eyes. It is suitable to take Xiong Ju San (Ligusticum and Chrysanthemum Powder) *Ju Fang*, Bai Ji Li San (Tribulus Powder), and Shi Gao San (Gypsum Powder).
**Xiong Ju San Formula (*Ju Fang*):** Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [each 1 liang], Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) [2 liang], Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) [7.5 qian], Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) [5 qian].
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian after meals with clear tea. For head trauma and dizziness, mixing with unrooted water is especially fast.
**Bai Ji Li San Formula:** Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Xu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), □ Xiang [equal proportions].
Grind into fine powder. Take 1 qian per dose with rice soup, or warm wine is also acceptable. Take three times daily after meals.
**Shi Gao San Formula:** Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Shi Jue Ming (Haliotidis Concha), Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Herba), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Chuan Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose after meals with Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), raw scallion, and clear tea. Take three times daily.
Question 15: What causes frequent blurriness in the eyes?
Answer: This is caused by Phlegm, occurring during Si-Wu hours (9 AM - 1 PM). True Yang Qi and Fire prevail. Heart overcomes Lung, Lung stagnates with Phlegm disaster, causing intermittent confusion and blurriness. It is suitable to take Chen Sha Hua Tan Wan (Cinnabar Phlegm-Resolving Pill) *Ju Fang* and Yu Hu Wan (Jade Pot Pill) *Ju Fang*.
**Chen Sha Hua Tan Wan Formula (*Ju Fang*):** Ku Bai Fan (Alumen), Chen Sha (Cinnabaris) [5 qian], Nan Xing (Arisaema Cum Bile) [1 liang, processed], Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) [1 liang].
Grind Bai Fan, Ban Xia, and Nan Xing into powder, mix evenly. Cook wheat paste with Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) juice. Make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 10 pills after meals with Ginger Soup. Coat with Zhu Sha (Cinnabaris). Also treats pediatric Wind-Stagnation Phlegm-Cough. One pill for one-year-old children, crushed, mixed with Bo He (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) and Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens).
**Yu Hu Wan/San (*Ju Fang*):** Nan Xing (Arisaema Cum Bile), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Tian Ma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) [each 5 qian], Zhong Luo Bai Mian (Heavy-Sifted Wheat Flour) [3 liang].
Grind into fine powder, add drops of water to make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills, add 1 bowl of water, boil, add medicine, cook for 5-7 boils. When pills float, scoop out, take separately with Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). At any time.
Question 16: What causes evening blurriness in the eyes?
Answer: This is damage to the Tian Zhen (Heavenly Truth) of the Brain. All things travel on the Yang Dao, not the Yin Dao. During Shen-You-Xu hours (3 PM - 9 PM), Cold Qi desires to arise. Brain damage is caused by Wind-Cold. Slight blurriness in the eyes at night requires dressing warmly. Moxibustion on Feng Huo acupoints is indicated.
Question 17: What causes night-time blurriness in the eyes?
Answer: This is Yin Toxin and Kidney Excess. The Classics say: Yin prefers stillness, Yang prefers movement. Blood scatters and does not travel on the Yin Dao. Cold pathogen overcomes it, causing excessive Cold Qi. Cold Qi belongs to Yin, prevailing at Shen hour, when one Yang Qi arises. Thus, night pain and eye blurriness occur. It is suitable to use Xie Gan Tang (Liver-Draining Decoction) from Question 6 and Ku Shen Tang (Sophora Decoction) from Question 9.
Question 18: What causes floating nebula covering the eyeball?
Answer: This is severe Heat in the Lung Meridian. The Lung is Metal of Geng-Xin in the West, its color is white. The Lung is the source of Qi; Qi excess generates Heat, Blood excess generates Cold. Lung Heat Qi floods the Wood Qi of the pupil. The white membrane is the sprout of the Lung. When roots are strong, sprouts are strong; white membrane coverage indicates Lung Meridian Heat. It is suitable to use Shun Gan San (Liver-Pacifying Powder) from Question 2, San Huang Wan (Three-Yellow Pill) *Ju Fang* from Question 4, and Xie Fei Tang (Lung-Draining Decoction) from Question 6.
Question 19: What causes spiral screw protruding eyeball?
Answer: This is eye damage. The eyes are the source of the Five Viscera and master of the Six Bowels. Accumulated Heat in Viscera and Bowels emits externally to the Liver. The Liver becomes more deficient, leading to sores and boils. Pus and blood knot and harden, causing the eyeball to protrude. It is suitable to use Hu Po Gao (Amber Ointment) secret recipe and Jiu Jing Wan (Save Eyeball Pill).
**Hu Po Gao Formula (Secret Recipe) (Also known as Li Tui San, Ding Zhi Wan):** Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) [2 qian], Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) [processed], Tian Dong (Asparagi Radix) [remove heart], Yuan Zhi (Polygalae Radix) [remove heart], Yu Zhi Zi (Stauntoniae Fructus) [each 1 liang], Bai Fu Ling (Poria), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix) [each 1 liang, remove heart].
Grind into fine powder, make pills with refined honey the size of tung seeds. Take 10 pills, coated with Zhu Sha (Cinnabaris), taken with clear tea or water.
**Jiu Jing Wan Formula:** Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Bo He Ye (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus) [each 2 liang], Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) [3 liang].
Grind into powder, make pills with wine paste the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills with well water, or clear tea is also acceptable. Suitable for young and strong people. For elderly people, adding 3 liang of Bai Fu Ling (Poria) to the above formula is excellent.
Question 20: What causes the eyeball to invert/protrude outward?
Answer: This is damage to the Viscera. The eyes correspond to the Five Elements: Green, Yellow, Red, White, Black, internally corresponding to Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney. The Five Viscera are the source of the eyes. Deeply sunken and withered eyes indicate damage to the Five Viscera. It is suitable to take the previous secret formula Hu Po Gao (Amber Ointment) (see Question 19).
Question 21: What causes a green membrane covering the eyeball?
Answer: This condition is an External Obstruction. The Divine Water of the eye is the source, the palace of essence. Accumulation in the Five Viscera attacks and emits externally to the eyes. The eyes belong to the Liver, its color is green. It is suitable to use Chan Hua San (Cicada Flower Powder) (see Question 12), Shun Gan San (Liver-Pacifying Powder) (see Question 2), Xi Gan San (Liver-Washing Powder) secret recipe, and Scholar Xu's Formula.
**Xi Gan San Formula (Secret Recipe):** Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Preparata), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Gan Ge (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) [each 5 qian], Chi Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Gan Song (Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [each 3 liang].
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose with rice washing water.
**Scholar Xu's Formula:** Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), Shi Jue Ming (Haliotidis Concha), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose after meals with clear water.
Question 22: What causes inversion of the pupil?
Answer: This disease is mostly Internal Obstruction. The Five Elements respond to changes; response rises as Qi. Both Qi and Blood are deficient, Ying and Wei are stagnant, failing to nourish the eyes. It is suitable to use Jiu Jing Wan (Save Eyeball Pill) (see Question 19), Huo Xue Jian (Blood-Invigorating Decoction) (see Question 3), Hu Po Gao (Amber Ointment) secret recipe (see Question 19), Sheng Xi Jiao Wan (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Pill) secret recipe, and Sheng Xi Sheng Ma Tang (Fresh Rhinoceros and Cimicifuga Decoction).
**Sheng Xi Jiao Wan Formula (Secret Recipe):** Xi Jiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shi Jue Ming (Haliotidis Concha), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chu Shi Zi (Torreya Seed), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus) [all in equal proportions].
Grind into powder, make pills with flour paste the size of tung seeds. Take 30 pills with clear tea. For children, adjust the number of pills according to size.
**Sheng Xi Sheng Ma Tang Formula:** Xi Jiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) [1 liang, 1-inch line], Chuan Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Bai Fu Zi (Typhonii Rhizoma), Bai Zhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [each 5 qian], Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) [1 qian].
Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, add 1.5 bowls of water, decoct to half a bowl. Strain and decoct again. Take three times daily after meals.
Question 23: What causes dizziness and seeing chaotic red stars?
Answer: This is Blood Deficiency. Blood belongs to the Heart Meridian, circulating through hundred vessels at the head of the Six Yang channels. When Yang channels do not function, the eyes become blurry. It is suitable to use Huo Xue Jian (Blood-Invigorating Decoction) (see Question 3), Di Huang Wan (Rehmannia Pill), and Shi Gao San (Gypsum Powder) (see Question 14). According to the *Su Wen*: Long-term Blood injury damages Blood. Blood governs the Liver. Therefore, I carefully record that Liver injury governs eye blurriness. When the Liver is injured, Wind generates spontaneously, Hot Qi rushes upward, causing eye blurriness. This medicine greatly nourishes Blood and brightens the eyes; its merits cannot be fully described.
**Di Huang Wan (Scholar Xu's Formula)**