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Epilepsy (Xian Zheng) involves the Liver, Gallbladder, Heart, and Kidney meridians, and extends to affect the Yang Linking Vessel (Yang Wei Mai), Yin Linking Vessel (Yin Wei Mai), Yang Heel Vessel (Yang Qiao Mai), Yin Heel Vessel (Yin Qiao Mai), and Du Vessel (Du Mai), causing simultaneous disturbances in these vessels. The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: "When the pulse at the anterior part of the cun position beats forcefully on both left and right sides, it indicates the Yang Heel Vessel is affected." When this vessel is disturbed, one suffers from epilepsy, crying out like a sheep. If the pulse moves obliquely from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian to the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian, it indicates the Yang Linking Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, one similarly suffers from epilepsy, crying out like a sheep. If the pulse moves obliquely from the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian to the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian, it indicates the Yin Linking Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, one suffers from epilepsy; if the pulses at all three positions (cun, guan, chi) are floating, and the pulse force moves straight up and down, it indicates the Du Vessel is affected. When this vessel is disturbed, adults suffer from mania (Dian), and children suffer from epilepsy (Xian). The classic says, "Urgency in the two yin meridians leads to syncope and epilepsy." The Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian is referred to as the "two yin." This means that when Qi of the Shaoyin rebels and ascends through the meridians, it causes throat obstruction and hoarseness, triggering an epileptic seizure.

The syndrome arises from deficiency and timidity of the Heart and Kidney, sudden rebellion of Liver Wind and Gallbladder Fire, accumulation of phlegm-fluids obstructing the Pericardium, and blockage of the meridians. The patient suddenly faints and falls, with pulling and twitching of the mouth and eyes, opisthotonos (back arching), and convulsions of the hands and feet. This is caused by extreme heat generating wind. During the attack, sounds resembling animals are made. Based on these similarities, they are classified into five types: Horse Epilepsy (head shaking, mouth opening, corresponding to the Heart); Ox Epilepsy (staring, abdominal distension, corresponding to the Spleen); Pig Epilepsy (foaming at the mouth, corresponding to the Kidney); Sheep Epilepsy (eyes rolling, tongue protruding, corresponding to the Lung); and Chicken Epilepsy (head shaking, body bending backward, corresponding to the Liver). Because they correspond internally to the Five Zang organs, they are named the Five Epilepsies. Epilepsy is more common in children and young people, but adults also suffer from it. If untreated or improperly managed over a long period, it becomes a chronic, stubborn disease. Once triggered by rebellious Qi stirring wind, phlegm and foam rise uncontrollably. If the phlegm remains below the diaphragm, dizziness is mild and the patient does not fall; if the phlegm overflows above the diaphragm, dizziness is severe and the patient falls. One must wait for the Qi to return to normal, expelling the old phlegm and saliva, before regaining consciousness. If Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is extremely deficient, attacks may occur repeatedly without cessation.

The manner in which the patient falls during epilepsy differs from conditions such as Stroke (Zhong Feng), Cold Strike (Zhong Han), Heat Strike (Zhong Shu), and Corpse-like Syncope (Shi Jue). During an epileptic fall, the patient makes sounds; upon waking, they produce foam; and after waking, the condition may recur. In contrast, patients falling from stroke or similar conditions make no sound, produce no foam upon waking, and do not recur later. Epilepsy also resembles Spasm Syndrome (Jing Zheng). However, during an epileptic attack, the body is soft, and the patient periodically regains consciousness; in spasm syndrome, the body is rigid, presenting with opisthotonos, and the patient does not periodically regain consciousness. Spasm syndrome is more severe than epilepsy. Although divided into five types, the key to treatment lies in clearing Fire and resolving Phlegm. For general treatment, Dingxian Wan (Calming Epilepsy Pill) can be taken with Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction), or Renshen Hupo Wan (Ginseng and Amber Pill). After recovery, the root cause must be eliminated using Heche Wan (Placenta Pill).

For epilepsy triggered by fright, where the Shen (Spirit) wanders and the "house" is empty, accompanied by fright-phlegm, temporarily use Wendan Tang (Warm the Gallbladder Decoction) added with Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) and Danxing (Pinellia-treated Calculus Bovis). After recovery, the Shen must be restored using Qifu Yin (Seven Blessments Decoction) or Yuanzhi Wan (Polygala Pill). For cases where Gallbladder Fire generates Wind, with hot phlegm blocking the collaterals, manifesting as staring and foaming, use Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Gouteng (Uncaria), Tianma (Gastrodia), Danpi (Moutan Bark), Lianqiao (Forsythia), Danxing, Zhuli, Juhong (Tangerine Peel), and Qianhu (Peucedanum). For cases triggered by anger stirring Liver Fire, manifesting as teeth grinding, biting the tongue, shouting, and urinary incontinence, use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) minus Gancao (Licorice), added with Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel); for severe cases, use Xiegan Tang (Drain Liver Decoction). For cases where Phlegm-Fire blocks the orifices, with Shen mechanism inactive and unconsciousness, use Longnao Anshen Wan (Borneol Calming Spirit Pill), or administer a decoction of Danxing, Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Shichangpu (Acorus), Yujin juice, Jiangzhi (Ginger Juice), and Juhong. For cases triggered by depression, regulate the Qi using Siqi Tang (Four Seven Decoction) added with Muxiang (Aucklandia) and Nanxing (Pinellia). For cases due to Kidney meridian deficiency, tonify the source using Liuwei Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction) added with Shouwu (Polygonum Multiflorum), Baishao (White Peony Root), Zaoren (Jujube Seed), and Longgu (Fossilized Bone). For cases of Liver-Kidney Yang hyperactivity, harmonize the Yin using Hujian Wan (Tiger-Hiding Pill). For cases of Heart Qi deficiency, calm the Shen using Yangxin Tang (Nourish Heart Decoction). For cases of mental worry and fatigue, tonify Ying (Nutritive) Qi using Yiying Jian (Benefit Ying Decoction). For fetal epilepsy acquired in the womb, suppress timidity using Shaodan Wan (Burnt Cinnabar Pill).

Additionally, according to the *Qianjin Fang*, epilepsy is divided into Yang Epilepsy and Yin Epilepsy. If the patient first has body heat, convulsions, and crying, followed by the onset of illness, with a floating and surging pulse, it is called Yang Epilepsy. The disease is in the Fu organs and is easy to treat; use Miaoxiang Wan (Wonderful Fragrance Pill). If the patient first has cold body, no convulsions or crying, and upon onset the pulse is deep and minute, it is called Yin Epilepsy. The disease is in the Zang organs and is difficult to treat; use Wusheng Wan (Five Origins Pill) or Yinshen Guishe Dan (Guide Spirit Return to Abode Elixir). Ancient formulas for general treatment of the five epilepsies include Wuxian Wan, Wuse Wan, and Liuzhen Dan.

For Wind Epilepsy with sudden onset, neck stiffness, staring, and teeth grinding, indicating Liver Heat, use Xieqing Wan (Drain Green Pill) combined with Daochi San (Guide Out Red Powder). For excessive Phlegm and Fire, use Qingge Yin (Clear Diaphragm Decoction) to swallow Zhusha Anshen Wan (Cinnabar Calming Spirit Pill). For excessive phlegm, use Kongyan Dan (Control Phlegm Elixir) or Daotan Tang (Guide Phlegm Decoction). For phlegm confusing the Heart orifice, use Jinbo Zhenxin Wan (Gold Foil Calming Heart Pill). For Heart Heat and confused phlegm, use Qingshen Tang (Clear Spirit Decoction). For excess Fire, use Chouxin Yin (Draw Firewood Decoction). For rebellious Qi and food stagnation, use Da Hezhong Yin (Great Harmonize Middle Decoction). For cases due to fright, use Baodan Wan (Embrace Gallbladder Pill). For cases due to anger, use Anshen Daotan Tang (Calm Spirit Guide Phlegm Decoction). For Heart Qi and Blood deficiency, use Ziyin Anshen Tang (Nourish Yin Calm Spirit Decoction) or Qingxin Wendan Tang (Clear Heart Warm Gallbladder Decoction). For Shen not residing in its house, use Guishen Dan (Return Spirit Elixir). For recurrent epilepsy, use Wuxian Shenyin Wan (Five Epilepsies Divine Response Pill).

If the disease persists, it forms "nest sacs," and over time parasites may generate. Miaogong Wan (Wonderful Merit Pill) is highly effective. For women suffering from epilepsy due to blood disharmony, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free Wanderer Powder). For obese individuals with much phlegm, use Jiawei Shouxing Wan (Modified Longevity Star Pill). For thin individuals with much fire, use Qingxin Guntan Wan (Clear Heart Rolling Phlegm Pill). For recurrence after recovery, use Duanxian Dan (Cut Off Epilepsy Elixir). For epilepsy occurring during the day, moxa the Yang Qiao point. Use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify Middle and Boost Qi Decoction) added with Yizhi Ren (Alpinia Oxyphylla). The Yang Qiao vessel originates from the Foot Taiyang Bladder meridian, in the depression 0.5 cun below the lateral malleolus, specifically the Shenmai point (BL62). For epilepsy occurring at night, moxa the Yin Qiao point. Use Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) added with Lujiaojiao (Deer Antler Glue). The Yin Qiao vessel originates from the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian, in the depression anterior to the medial malleolus, below the large bone, specifically the Rangu point (KI2). Shiwan (Zhao Xianke) stated that treating epilepsy should focus on tonifying the Kidney as the root and resolving phlegm as the branch. Its origin is nothing other than the uprising of Dragon-Lei Fire from the Liver and Kidney; is this not true?

Danxi (Zhu Zhenheng) treated epilepsy primarily focusing on Phlegm and Heat, using Danxing, Banxia, Huangqin, and Huanglian as main herbs. For excess heat, use Liangge San (Cool Diaphragm Powder), added with Chuanlian (Coptis) and Maidong (Ophiopogon) to drain heat. For excess phlegm, use Dairen Sansheng San (Dairen's Three Sages Powder) to induce vomiting. For cases due to fright, use Dongyuan Anshen Wan (Dongyuan's Calming Spirit Pill) to pacify.