味酸，平，无毒。肉，主诸风劳，酿酒弥佳。头角，主瘴疟。作汤，治小儿则辟惊，鬼
魅寒热。手，主小儿惊痫口
噤。屎，主蜘蛛咬。肉为脯，主久疟。皮，主马疫气。此物数种者都名禺属。取色黄、尾长、
面赤者是。人家养者，肉
及屎并不主病，为其食息杂，违其本真也。（唐慎微续添）
圣惠方∶治鬼疟，进退不定。用猢狲头骨一枚，烧灰末。空心温酒调一钱匕，临发再服。
抱
即变为猿，猿寿五百岁变为 ， 寿一千岁变为蟾蜍。
平。主中蛊毒。
陶隐居云∶此用穿败者，烧作屑，水和服之。病患即唤蛊主姓名，仍往令其呼取蛊，便
瘥。白 荷亦然。今移自草部。
图经文具牛黄条下。
外台秘要云∶治蛊。取败鼓皮广五寸，长一尺，蔷薇根五寸，如足拇指大（本元云莨菪
根），锉，以水一升，酒三升，
煮取二升，服之。当下蛊虫，即愈。肘后方∶治中蛊毒诸方。人有行蛊毒以病患者，若中之
当服药，如知蛊主姓，便呼
取以去也。凡诊法，中蛊状，令人心腹切痛，如有物咬。或吐下血，不即治之，蚀人五脏尽
即死矣。欲知是蛊，当令病
人吐水，沉者
治之各自有药。江南山间
人有此，不可不信之。梅师方∶治卒中蛊毒，下血如鹅肝，昼夜不绝，脏腑坏败待死。知蛊
姓名方，破鼓皮烧灰服，自
呼名治之即去。又欲知蛊毒主姓名，取败鼓皮少许
杨氏产乳疗中蛊毒。取败破
鼓皮烧作末，酒服方寸
儿五种蛊毒。
衍义曰∶败鼓皮，黄牛皮为胜。今不言是何皮，盖亦以驴、马皮为之者。唐·韩退之所
谓牛溲、马勃、败鼓之皮，
俱收并蓄，待用无遗者。今用处亦少，尤好煎胶。专用牛皮，始可入药
Sour in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. The meat treats various wind-lao conditions (chronic fatigue and weakness due to wind pathogens); brewing it into wine is particularly effective. The head horns treat zhang malaria (malaria prevalent in miasma-prone regions). Decocted as a soup, it wards off fright in children and dispels cold-heat symptoms caused by ghosts or malevolent spirits. The hands treat childhood convulsions and lockjaw. The feces treat spider bites. When the meat is dried into jerky, it treats chronic malaria. The skin treats epidemic qi affecting horses. This animal has several varieties, all collectively named "Yu" (a type of ape/monkey). The authentic ones are those with yellow fur, long tails, and red faces. Those raised in households are not used for medicinal purposes because their diet and habits are mixed, deviating from their natural essence. (Added by Tang Shenwei)
*Shenghui Fang*: Treats ghost malaria, where the condition fluctuates unpredictably. Use one monkey skull, burn it to ash. Take one qianbi (a small measuring spoon) mixed with warm wine on an empty stomach; take another dose just before the attack occurs.
(Note: The text fragment regarding transformation into apes and toads appears to be a separate folklore entry interspersed here.)
The embrace transforms into an ape; the ape lives five hundred years and transforms into [missing character]; living a thousand years, it transforms into a toad.
Neutral in nature. Treats gu poison poisoning.
Tao Hongjing states: Here, worn-out drum skins are used. Burn them into fragments, mix with water, and ingest. The patient will call out the name of the gu master, and upon going to them, having them call out to retrieve the gu, the illness will heal. Bai He (likely a specific herb or item, text unclear) is also like this. It is now moved from the Grass section to this entry.
*Tujing Bencao* provides detailed illustrations and descriptions under the entry for Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis).
*Waitai Miyao* states: To treat gu poison. Take a piece of worn drum skin five cun wide and one chi long, and rose root five cun thick (Chen Yuanzhi notes this is actually Languagen root/Belladonna root), chop them, add one sheng of water and three sheng of wine, boil down to two sheng, and drink. It should expel the gu worms, and the disease will be cured. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*: Various formulas for treating gu poison poisoning. If someone uses gu poison to make others ill, and you have been poisoned, you must take medicine. If you know the surname of the gu master, call their name to drive away the gu. Generally, in diagnosis, symptoms of gu poisoning include severe abdominal pain as if being bitten. Or vomiting and defecating blood. If not treated immediately, the five zang organs will be corroded and death will ensue. To determine if it is gu poison, ask the patient to vomit water; what sinks indicates the presence of gu (text implies diagnostic method). Each case has its own specific medicine. In the mountainous regions of Jiangnan, people suffer from this; do not disbelieve it. Mei Shi Fang: Treats sudden gu poison poisoning, with bloody stools resembling goose liver, continuing day and night, leading to organ failure and impending death. To find the name of the gu master, break the drum skin, burn it to ash, ingest it, and calling the name yourself will remove it. To further identify the gu master's name, take a small amount of worn drum skin... (Text breaks here). Yang Shi's Obstetrics and Gynecology treatments for gu poison in childbirth. Take broken worn drum skin, burn to powder, take with wine, one fangcun bi... (Text implies treatment for infants suffering from five types of gu poison).
*Yanyi* states: For worn drum skin, yellow cowhide is superior. Currently, it is unspecified what kind of skin is used; it is likely that donkey or horse hides are also used. As Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty said, "Cow urine, earth fungus, and worn drum skin are all collected and stored, waiting for use without omission." Today, its usage is rare, and it is especially favored for making glue. Only pure cowhide is suitable for medicinal use.