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(Addendum)
The general appearance of a human is manifested as the Form (Xing), which is filled and sustained by Qi. A person with a robust Form but deficient Qi will have a short life, (such as those who are obese with a fair complexion.) A person with vigorous Qi and a slender Form will live long. (Such as those who are tall, dark-skinned, thin, and possess spiritual vitality.) A robust Form indicates excess, (meaning pathogenic Qi is substantial.) A emaciated Form indicates deficiency, (meaning healthy Qi is weak.) When Qi is substantial, the Form is robust; when Qi is deficient, the Form is frail. If the Form is robust but the pulse is fine, and there is insufficient breath to sustain respiration, death ensues. If the Form is emaciated but the pulse is large, and there is a sensation of excessive Qi in the chest, death ensues. When Form and Qi are harmonious, life is sustained; when they are discordant and irregular, death ensues. Obese individuals are prone to Wind Stroke (Zhong Feng), because their dense Form and deficient Qi hinder the free circulation of Qi, leading to Qi stagnation and Phlegm generation; Phlegm then generates Fire, resulting in sudden syncope. Emaciated individuals tend toward Yin deficiency, with depleted Blood and easy hyperactivity of Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo), thus they are prone to consumptive coughs. If a patient's Form is wasted away yet Qi appears exuberant, death ensues. (Exuberant Qi manifests as panting or maniacal confusion, indicating substantial pathogenic Qi.) If the Form is full and large, but the skin is loose and lax, longevity is indicated. If the Form is full and large, but the skin is tight and tense, a short life is indicated. When Form and Qi are mismatched, it is termed difficult to treat. Cases such as a robust Form with deficient Qi, or exuberant Qi with a frail Form; a rough Form with a slippery pulse, or a smooth Form with a rough pulse; a large Form with a small pulse; a long stature with a short pulse, or a short stature with a long pulse; an obese person with a pulse that is fine, small, light, and empty like a thread; or an emaciated person with a restless pulse—all are ominous signs. Substantial Blood with deficient Qi leads to obesity; deficient Blood with substantial Qi leads to emaciation. Obese people can tolerate cold but not heat; emaciated people can tolerate heat but not cold. Beautiful beard hair extending to the chest indicates abundant Blood and Qi in the Yangming Channel; sparse beard hair indicates weak Blood and Qi; extreme deficiency results in no beard. Those with beautiful beard hair have abundant Blood in the Taiyang Channel. Sitting while leaning forward indicates Shortness of Breath (Duan Qi). Walking slowly indicates Bi Syndrome (Bi Zheng). Sitting with one leg hanging down indicates Lumbago (Yao Tong). Patients with interior Excess guarding their abdomen, as if holding an egg, indicate Heart Pain (Xin Tong). During pulse diagnosis, if the patient yawns, it indicates no disease. Shoulder movement during respiration indicates firmness in the Heart region. Respiration drawing Qi upward from the chest indicates Cough. Open-mouthed breathing with shortness of breath indicates Lung萎 (Fei Wei) with spitting of foam. Cold palms indicate cold in the abdomen. Hot palms indicate deficient Qi and flourishing Deficient Fire (Xu Huo). During examination, if the patient crosses hands over the heart, closes eyes, and remains silent, it indicates Heart deficiency with palpitations (Zheng Chong). Inability to store contents in the granaries (referring to incontinence) means the gates are not secure. Unceasing flow of water springs (urinary incontinence) indicates the Bladder cannot store. The head is the mansion of clarity and spirit; if the head droops and eye sockets are deep, the spirit is about to be exhausted. The back is the mansion of the chest; if the back is curved and shoulders collapse, the mansion of the chest is failing. The waist is the mansion of the Kidney; if turning and shaking are impossible, the Kidney is about to fail. The knees are the mansion of the sinews; if flexion and extension are impossible, and walking requires stooping or support, the sinews are about to fail. The bones are the mansion of the marrow; if standing for long periods is impossible, and walking causes trembling, the bones are about to fail.

Whenever diagnosing the pulse, if the patient yawns and stretches, it is feigned illness. Yang pulls upward, Yin pulls downward; the mutual pulling of Yin and Yang causes yawning, indicating feigned illness. Also, lying facing the wall, showing no surprise upon hearing the physician's arrival, but instead casting sidelong glances; speaking in halting phrases; or swallowing saliva during pulse taking—are also signs of feigned illness. Their pulse is originally harmonious. One should use alarming words to disturb them, stating that they must take emetic or purgative medicines, or undergo dozens of acupuncture points to recover, thereby testing and frightening them to reveal the truth. Furthermore, among children and women, feigned illness at first may turn into genuine illness over time due to entanglement with worldly affairs and conflicts; the initial state of feigning becomes actual disease, which is common and must be known.