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Tuogang (Rectal Prolapse) refers to the prolapse of the anus, mostly caused by deficiency-cold of the Large Intestine following chronic dysentery. The anus is the external manifestation of the Large Intestine; when the Large Intestine is deficient and injured by cold, and during dysentery, effort is exerted causing Qi to rush downward, the anus protrudes, hence it is called Tuogang.

If wind-cold resides internally and enters the intestines and stomach, it leads to severe diarrhea. After the diarrhea stops, the Spleen and Stomach become deficient, Qi rebels upward, and upon encountering cold which obstructs it, Qi flow becomes blocked, resulting in hiccups (Yue).

The Gu Dao (anal opening) and anus are external manifestations of the Large Intestine. If the Large Intestine is deficient with heat, heat Qi knots at the anus, thus causing sores.

Worms in the Gu Dao (often referring to a parasitic disease known as Shi or "Dampness" in this context, specifically involving Ascaris lumbricoides or similar parasites like Enterobius vermicularis) occur due to weak Stomach and deficient intestines, allowing pinworms (Nao Chong) to descend and invade. The Gu Dao and anus are external manifestations of the Large Intestine. Pinworms are one of the nine types of intestinal worms, residing in the intestines. If the viscera Qi is solid, worms do not move recklessly; if the Stomach is weak and intestines deficient, pinworms take advantage. In mild cases, there may be itching or worms overflowing from the anal opening; in severe cases, they invade and eat into the anus, causing ulceration.

Itching of the Gu Dao is caused by weak Stomach and deficient intestines, allowing pinworms to descend and invade the Gu Dao. Severe cases involve eating the anus, while mild cases only present with itching. Pinworms are extremely minute in shape, resembling modern "snail worms" (likely referring to threadworms/pinworms).

The anus is the external manifestation of the Large Intestine. When Qi here is deficient, it is invaded by wind-heat; heat Qi attacks and combats, thus causing the Gu Dao to become red and painful.

Shi (Dampness/Parasitic Disease), here referring to a specific parasitic condition often translated as "Corpse Transmission" or "Gu Poison," is caused by weak Spleen and Stomach being invaded by water-dampness, with internal worms moving and consuming the body. It often results from persistent diarrhea or residual pathogenic heat after an epidemic illness knotting in the abdomen. Symptoms include inability to eat, mental fog and drowsiness, continuous low-grade fever, heaviness in bone joints, colorless teeth, a white-coated tongue, and small sores like millet grains on the skin. If sores appear on the upper lip, it indicates worms have eaten the five Zang organs, causing mental restlessness (Ao); if sores appear on the lower lip, it indicates worms have eaten the lower part, causing the anus to rot and open. In severe cases, all viscera are consumed, sores appear on both upper and lower gums, teeth turn purple-black, and bloody diarrhea with dampness occurs due to water Qi. The Spleen and Stomach are exterior-interior related, both symbolizing Earth; the Stomach is the sea of water and grain, and the Spleen grinds and digests it. The essence of water and grain transforms into Blood and Qi to nourish the viscera. If Spleen and Stomach are harmonious, Earth Qi is strong, and water-dampness cannot invade. If Spleen and Stomach are weak, Earth Qi declines; whether injured by cold or temporarily by heat, water and grain fail to digest, waste is not solidified, leading to diarrhea, and conversely, injury by water-dampness. After seasonal illnesses, deficiency-heat in intestines and stomach causes the Three Corpses and Nine Worms to move due to deficiency, invading the five Zang organs, emerging upwards from lips and mouth, and downwards to the anus. Weak Stomach with rebellious Qi changes into vomiting and hiccups. Worms eating viscera cause damage, leading to bloody stool; such cases result in death. The etiology lies in slight Spleen and Stomach deficiency, declining Earth Qi, invasion by water-dampness, and worm movement causing disease, hence named Shi.

It is also said: There is a type of Tian Xing Shi (Epidemic Dampness/Parasitic Disease). Initially unnoticed, walking and sitting feel normal, but there is constant lack of energy, or slight diarrhea, or no diarrhea. Once the disease forms, it turns into vomiting, indicating worms are eating inside the viscera.

It is also said: There is a Ji Jie Shi (Acute Knotting Dampness). It begins with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with pus and blood mixed in discharge. Once formed, it reverses to constipation of both large and small bowels, fullness and pain in head and neck, urgency and fullness in the lower abdomen, and inability to sit or stand comfortably. This is also internal consumption of the five Zang organs. In all such cases, although initial symptoms do not manifest externally, the heart and abdomen are constantly restless. Until the critical stage, sores appear in the mouth and anus, followed by death.