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The throat and pharynx are external indicators of the Spleen and Stomach. Due to heat in the Spleen and Stomach, hot qi rushes upward to the throat and pharynx, thereby generating sores (Chuang). These sores may have white heads or red roots; all belong to the category of "Shi Yan" (Corpse Throat). "Shi Yan" refers to "Shi insects" (pathogenic parasites or evil qi) within the abdomen that move upward to erode the human throat and pharynx, causing sores. The condition presents as either itching or pain, feeling similar to the discomfort when swallowing sweet substances.

The throat and pharynx are indicators of the Spleen and Stomach and serve as the pathways for the ascent and descent of Qi. If there is heat in the Spleen and Stomach, hot Qi rushes upward, resulting in swelling and pain of the throat and pharynx. Any occurrence of swelling and pain is caused by the presence of Heat pathogen. If Wind-Toxin accumulates in the throat, excessive heat causes severe swelling and blockage, preventing the intake of water and food, which can be fatal.

When the Six Fu Organs are disordered and Qi and Blood are unharmonious, Wind Pathogen lodges in the throat and is constrained by Cold. The Qi becomes stagnant and fails to dissipate, thus condensing into an abscess (Yong). Generally, a swelling one cun in diameter is called a boil (Jie), while those two to five cun in diameter are called abscesses (Yong).

If the internal organs' cold and heat are unbalanced, and the ascending and descending of Qi is obstructed, stagnation and pulsation occur in the throat, leading to difficulty in swallowing. It may feel blocked or painful, hence termed "throat and pharynx dysfunction."

Excessive worry and overthinking damage the Heart. When Heart Qi is deficient, pathogens take advantage. If pathogens accumulate and do not dissipate, they frequently impair appetite, causing a sensation of fullness in the chest and dull pain. This is referred to as Heart Bi (Heart Obstruction Syndrome). Upon pulse diagnosis, if the pulse is deep and wiry, it indicates Heart Bi.

Cold Pathogen invades the Five Zang and Six Fu Organs and manifests due to deficiency, rushing upward to the chest, resulting in Chest Bi (Chest Obstruction Syndrome). The manifestations of Chest Bi include a sensation of fullness in the chest, dysphagia and obstruction, a creeping itch-like sensation, dryness and astringency in the throat, and viscous saliva. In severe cases, there is hardness, stuffiness, and urgent pain in the heart region; muscles suffer from obstruction with cramping pain like needle pricks, making flexion and extension impossible; the skin on the anterior chest is tender to touch; chest fullness and shortness of breath occur; coughing and expectoration draw out pain; irritability and fixed masses appear; cold sweat is produced; or pain radiates to the back and spine. A floating and faint pulse confirms this diagnosis. If untreated, death may occur within several days. Decoctions, moxibustion/heat therapy, acupuncture, and stone therapy have separate specific formulas. Nourishing and guiding exercises are appended below. The *Yangsheng Fang* states: Place the right foot upon the left foot. This eliminates Chest Bi and vomiting after eating hot food.

Dai Zhi (Subungual Paronychia) begins with swelling of the finger, accompanied by burning pain, without dark discoloration initially. Subsequently, pus forms along the nail edge; in extreme cases, the nail falls off. It is also known as Dai Jia, Cao Zhi, or Tu KT (likely referring to a specific type of fungal or bacterial infection). Also written as "Zao." The nails are considered the surplus of the Sinews. Due to excessive heat in the sinews and bones and stagnant Qi flow, swelling and condensation occur, leading to suppuration and nail detachment.