(张介宾《新方八阵》) 治水亏火盛,六脉浮洪滑大,少阴不足,阳明有余,烦热干
渴,头痛牙疼,失血等证。若大便溏者非宜。
生石膏(三五钱) 熟地(三五钱或一两) 麦冬(二钱) 知母 牛膝(各一钱半) 水
一钟半,煎七分,温服或冷服。
玉女煎方熟地膝,麦冬知母石膏集。(此寓补阴于清火之中。泻黄散用防风,欲其火从
上散;此用牛膝,欲其火从下达。)水亏火盛脉浮洪,(《脉诀》∶“浮洪为虚火,浮滑为痰热。
”)烦热渴干征效必。头痛牙疼失血余,少阴不足阳明实。(失血之余,虽有烦热渴干等证,
总由阴虚火亢,治之必须滋其阴气;若虚甚者,加人参尤妙。此方治少阴阴虚、阳明火盛之
法;若少阴阳虚、阳明胃实,当用附子泻心汤。)若然大便泄而溏,此剂非宜临证悉。
治伤寒阳明腑证,热邪入里,胃实不大便,潮热谵语,自汗出,不恶寒,反恶热,痞满
燥实坚全具;杂病三焦大热,脉沉实滑数者;及少阴病,自利清水,色纯青,心下结痛,口
干舌燥者;亦治阳明刚痉,胸满口噤,卧不着席,脚挛急,必 齿。
大黄(四两酒洗) 浓朴(半斤炙) 枳实(五枚炙) 芒硝(三合) 以水一斗,先
煮朴、实取五升,去滓,纳大黄,煮取二升,去滓,纳芒硝,更上微火一两沸,分温再服。
得下,止后服。大承气汤用芒硝,枳实大黄浓朴饶。(大黄治大实,芒硝治大燥大坚,二味
治有形血药;浓朴治大满,枳实治痞,二味治无形气药。盖肠胃燥实,气必不通。故攻积之
剂,必用气分之药。其煎法先煮枳、朴,次纳大黄,再入芒硝,取生则气锐而先行,熟则气
纯而和缓。仲景欲使芒硝先化燥屎,大黄继通地道,而后枳、朴除其痞满,俾燥屎去,地道
通,则阴气上承,故方名曰“承气”。)救阴泻热功偏擅,急下阳明有七条。(《伤寒论·阳明
篇》中云急下之者,共有七条,当知夺阴者芒硝,而通阴者亦芒硝,故仲景既有下多亡阴之
大戒,而复着急下存阴之活法。盖阳明燥结日久,肾中真水为热邪吸引,告竭甚急,急泻其
热,正以急救其阴也。)痞满燥实坚潮热,(此用承气之要诀。胸闷不食为痞,胸腹膨胀为满,
大便干结为燥,腹满痛不大便为实,按之石硬为坚,日晡发热为潮热。)杂病伤寒通治疗。(有
是证则用是方,为千古心法。)热利清水口干燥,(凡口干舌燥,皆当作热治。下利而用硝、
黄,是通因通用法。)刚痉脚挛 齿要。(阳明之脉,下行至足,上入齿中。脚挛 齿,是阳
明邪火极盛,加以胸满口噤,热邪充斥三焦矣。《灵枢》谓“热而痉者死”,而仲景云“可与
此汤”,乃死里求生之法。阴气不尽为阳热所劫,因而得生者多矣。)病须过经乃可下,(病
至七八日为过经)下之若早语昏嚣。(下早则引邪入里,语言昏乱。)承气原为燥屎设,燥屎
之证当详标,汗出谵语(阳明本自汗出,加以谵语,胃中燥结矣。)不能食,(肠胃实极,故
谷食全不能入。)喘冒不卧舌干焦,(下既不通,必反上逆而为喘冒不得卧,舌干焦黑,土燥
水竭也。)脉滑数(为有宿食)而转矢气,(“矢气”,屁气也,燥粪下攻之征。)此皆承气汤
宜调。(以上为用承气之法)恶寒(病在表)呕哕(病在上焦)俱禁用,直视喘高命不牢。(直
视喘高,阳气欲脱,虽不大便,下之必死。戒之!)
(From Zhang Jiebin's *Xin Fang Ba Zhen*) Treats conditions of Kidney Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity, where the six pulses are floating, surging, slippery, and large. It addresses Shaoyin insufficiency (deficiency of the Shaoyin channel/Kidney) and Yangming excess (excess in the Yangming channel/Stomach), manifesting as vexation and heat, dryness and thirst, headache, toothache, and bleeding. It is not suitable for those with loose stools.
Raw Gypsum (3-5 qian), Prepared Rehmannia Root (3-5 qian or 1 liang), Ophiopogon Tuber (2 qian), Anemarrhena Rhizome, Achyranthes Bidentata Root (each 1.5 qian). Add one and a half zhong of water, decoct to seven-tenths volume, take warm or cold.
**Yunü Jian (Jade Woman Decoction) Formula Verse:**
Shu Di, Niu Xi, Mai Dong, Zhi Mu, Shi Gao gather together. (This implies nourishing Yin within the process of clearing Fire. In Xie Huang San, Fang Feng is used to allow Fire to scatter from above; here, Niu Xi is used to allow Fire to descend from below.) When Water (Yin) is deficient and Fire is excessive, the pulse is floating and surging. (*Mai Jue* states: "Floating and surging indicates Deficient Fire; floating and slippery indicates Phlegm-Heat.") Vexation, heat, dryness, and thirst are evident signs. Headache, toothache, and bleeding are residual symptoms; Shaoyin is insufficient while Yangming is solid/excess. (After bleeding, although there are signs like vexation, heat, dryness, and thirst, it is fundamentally due to Yin deficiency with Fire hyperactivity; treatment must nourish Yin. If deficiency is severe, adding Ren Shen is excellent. This formula treats Shaoyin Yin deficiency and Yangming Fire excess; if Shaoyin Yang deficiency and Yangming Stomach excess exist, Fuzi Xixin Tang should be used.) If stool is loose and watery, this preparation is unsuitable; clinical judgment must be thorough.
Treats Yangming Fu syndrome of Shanghan (Cold Damage), where Heat pathogen enters the interior, causing Stomach excess with constipation, tidal fever, delirium, spontaneous sweating, aversion to cold absent but aversion to heat present, with all five symptoms of Pi (glomus/fullness), Man (distension), Zao (dryness), Shi (solidity), and Jian (hardness) present; also treats miscellaneous diseases with intense Heat in the Triple Burner and pulses that are deep, solid, slippery, and rapid; and Shaoyin disease presenting with spontaneous purging of clear water, pure green color, epigastric knotting pain, dry mouth, and dry tongue; also treats Yangming Gang Jing (Stiff Spasm), characterized by chest fullness, trismus (lockjaw), inability to lie flat with back touching the bed, leg cramps, and teeth grinding.
Rhubarb Root (4 liang, washed with wine), Magnolia Bark (8 liang, stir-fried), Immature Bitter Orange (5 pieces, stir-fried), Mirabilite (3 he). Use one dou of water. First decoct Magnolia Bark and Immature Bitter Orange to obtain five sheng of liquid, remove dregs, add Rhubarb, decoct to obtain two sheng, remove dregs, add Mirabilite, boil gently for one or two boils, divide into two warm doses. If bowel movement occurs, stop taking the remaining dose.
**Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) Formula Verse:**
Da Chengqi Tang uses Mirabilite, along with Rhubarb, Immature Bitter Orange, and Magnolia Bark. (Rhubarb treats major solidity; Mirabilite treats major dryness and hardness; these two treat tangible blood stasis/accumulation. Magnolia Bark treats major fullness; Immature Bitter Orange treats glomus; these two treat intangible Qi stagnation. Since intestinal and stomach dryness-solidity leads to Qi blockage, purgative agents must use Qi-moving herbs. The decoction method first boils Immature Bitter Orange and Magnolia Bark, then adds Rhubarb, and finally Mirabilite. This aims to utilize the sharp Qi of raw Rhubarb to act quickly, while cooked herbs have milder, harmonizing Qi. Zhang Zhongjing intended for Mirabilite to first dissolve dry feces, Rhubarb to subsequently unblock the intestinal pathway, and then Immature Bitter Orange and Magnolia Bark to eliminate glomus and fullness, allowing dry feces to pass and the pathway to open, so that Yin Qi ascends. Hence the name "Chengqi" [Ordering the Qi].) This formula excels at saving Yin and purging Heat; there are seven indications for urgent purgation in Yangming. (In the *Shanghan Lun · Yangming Chapter*, there are seven clauses mentioning urgent purgation. One must know that Mirabilite depletes Yin but also unblocks Yin. Thus, while Zhang Zhongjing issued a strict warning against excessive purgation leading to Yin loss, he also emphasized the flexible method of urgent purgation to preserve Yin. Because Yangming dryness-solidity persists for a long time, the True Water of the Kidney is drawn away by Heat pathogens, facing imminent exhaustion. Urgently purging Heat is precisely to urgently save Yin.) Pi, Man, Zao, Shi, Jian, and tidal fever are key points for using Chengqi formulas. (Glomus without appetite is Pi; chest/abdominal distension is Man; dry hard stool is Zao; abdominal fullness/pain with constipation is Shi; stone-hard upon palpation is Jian; afternoon fever is tidal fever.) These apply to both miscellaneous diseases and Shanghan. (Use this formula when these signs are present; this is an eternal principle.) Hot diarrhea with clear water and dry mouth/thirst: (Any dry mouth and tongue should be treated as Heat. Using Mirabilite and Rhubarb for diarrhea applies the method of "treating obstruction with unblocking".) Stiff spasm, leg cramps, and teeth grinding are critical signs. (The Yangming meridian descends to the foot and enters the teeth. Leg cramps and teeth grinding indicate extreme Yangming Evil Fire, compounded by chest fullness and trismus, with Heat filling the Triple Burner. *Ling Shu* states "Heat with spasm leads to death," yet Zhang Zhongjing says "this decoction may be given," which is a method of seeking life in death. Many survive if Yin Qi is not completely depleted by Yang Heat.) Purgation is only permissible after the disease has passed through its stages (illness lasting 7-8 days is "passing the stage"); purging too early causes delirious speech and confusion. (Early purgation draws the pathogen inward, causing confused speech.) Chengqi Tang was originally designed for dry feces; the signs of dry feces must be carefully distinguished. Signs include sweating and delirium (Yangming naturally sweats; combined with delirium, it indicates Stomach dryness-solidity), inability to eat (extreme intestinal/stomach excess prevents food intake), wheezing, vertigo, insomnia, and dry black tongue coating (failure of downward purgation leads to upward rebellion causing wheezing/vertigo/insomnia; dry black tongue indicates Earth dryness and Water exhaustion); slippery and rapid pulse (indicates retained food) and passing gas ("shi qi" means flatulence, a sign of dry feces attacking downward). All these indicate suitability for adjusting with Chengqi Tang. (These are the methods for using Chengqi.) Aversion to cold (pathogen in the exterior) and belching/hiccups (pathogen in the Upper Burner) are strictly contraindicated. Fixed gaze and labored breathing indicate impending death. (Fixed gaze and labored breathing suggest Yang Qi depletion; even with constipation, purgation will cause death. Beware!)