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The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: The autumn pulse corresponds to the Lung organ. If the autumn pulse is deficient (indicating Lung Qi deficiency), wheezing, shortness of breath with cough, upward rushing of Qi accompanied by hemoptysis, and pathological sounds audible from the lower body will occur. The treatment principle should involve formulas such as Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder).

Li Dongyuan stated: If there is abdominal distension like a drum accompanied by wheezing, chest and diaphragm fullness, and excessive Qi rushing upward, one should add significantly more Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) in the formula based on syndrome differentiation, followed by Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), then Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), and a small amount of Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian). If the condition is severe, manifesting as crossing hands over the heart region and visual blurring or dizziness, this indicates extreme deficiency of True Qi. For shortness of breath, add Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen). For severe Qi rebellion, remove Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), and add Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) and Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie Sui). In winter, remove Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjie Sui) and add Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Caodoukouren). Zhang Zhongjing treated Qi rebellion due to Fire pathogen causing throat discomfort and inability to swallow smoothly, using Mai Men Dong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) to stop rebellion and direct Qi downward. The prescription uses seven sheng of Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), one sheng of Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), four liang of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), two liang of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), three he of Oryzae Fructus (Jingmi), and twelve Jujubae Fructus (Dazao). Boil in twelve dou of water until six dou remain; take one dou warm each time, three times daily and once at night.

The *Huangdi Neijing* further states: When the annual fire qi is excessive, hot summer heat prevails, and the Metal of the Lung is affected, the people suffer from cough and wheezing caused by fire qi. It also states: When heat pathogen is excessive, it causes alternating chills and fever, wheezing, and cough. One should use Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) to rescue the Lung. Wheezing has deficiency and excess patterns that must be carefully distinguished. Shengmai San (Generate Pulse Powder) was established for Qi deficiency caused by heat injury. Semen Tauri (Tongbian) stir-fried with Cortex Phellodendri (Huangbai) can descend fire.

*Benshi Fang* (Formulas of Ability) treats urgent cough and wheezing by grinding one ingredient, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), into powder, mixing with egg white (Albumen Ovi) and fresh water, and administering one qian per dose. Once, two men ran together; one held Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) in his mouth, while the other did not. After running about three to five li, the one without Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) panted severely, while the one with it breathed normally. This demonstrates the power of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen). Lou Quanshan treated a woman in her fifties who had chronic phlegm-cough. Suddenly, she experienced severe wheezing with phlegm gushing like a spring, sweating profusely like oil, and a floating, surging, and large pulse, appearing near death. He quickly prescribed four qian of Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), two qian of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), and 1.5 qian of Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi). After one dose, wheezing stopped and sweating ceased. After three doses, phlegm gradually decreased. Subsequently, he used Akebiae Caulis (Gualou Ren - note: text says Gualou Ren which is Trichosanthis Semen, but context implies fruit/pulp often used for phlegm, here translated as Trichosanthis Semen/fruit part), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), each one qian. After ten doses, she recovered.

For wheezing without sweat and irritability, with a floating and large pulse, induce sweating. For wheezing with sweat and abdominal fullness, with a deep and solid pulse, purge downwards. Wheezing differs between external contraction and internal injury. For external contraction causing irritability, no sweat, and wheezing, sweating is appropriate. For abdominal fullness, sweat, and wheezing with a deep solid pulse, purgation is appropriate.

Zhang Zhongjing said: Upper body wheezing with agitation belongs to Lung Distension (Fei Zhang). If developing into Wind Water (Fengshui), inducing sweating leads to cure. He also said: Cough with Qi rebellion is Lung Distension. The patient wheezes, eyes bulge as if protruding, with a floating and large pulse; treat with Yebing Jia Banxia Tang (Yibo Decoction plus Pinellia). (Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) six liang, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) half jin, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Shengjiang) three liang, Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) fifteen pieces, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) one liang, Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) eight liang. Boil in six sheng of water, first boil Mahuang to remove foam, then add other herbs, boil to three sheng, divide into three doses). He also said: Lung Distension with cough, Qi rebellion, irritability, wheezing, and a floating pulse, where there is fluid retention in the epigastrium, treat with Xiao Qinglong Jia Shigao Tang (Minor Blue Green Dragon Decoction plus Gypsum). (Lung Distension with cough and Qi rebellion is a superficial pathogen of cold-water. Treat with Xiao Qinglong Tang to calm Chong Qi. This formula stabilizes the interior and expels the exterior. I imitated this method to treat cold coughs, achieving immediate efficacy like a drumstick hitting a drum.) (Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang) each three qian; Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) each half sheng; Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) two liang. Boil in one dou of water, first boil Mahuang to remove foam, add other herbs, boil to three sheng. Strong persons take one sheng, weak persons reduce dose, three times daily; children take four he). For wheezing with spontaneous sweating, abdominal fullness, constipation, and a Qi Kou pulse larger than Ren Ying pulse, purgation is undoubtedly indicated. Otherwise, do not lightly purge; Luo Qianfu's Pingqi San (Calm Qi Powder) may be used.

Zhang Zhongjing said: When there is fluid retention in the intercostal space (Zhi Yin), the patient experiences wheezing and fullness, epigastric hardness and obstruction, dark facial complexion, and a deep tight pulse. After dozens of days, if vomiting fails to cure, use Mufangji Tang (Stephania Decoction). Mufangji three liang, Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) size of chicken eggs twelve pieces, Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi) two liang, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen) four liang. Boil in six sheng of water until two sheng remain; divide into two warm doses. Deficient cases heal immediately; excess cases relapse after three days and require re-administration. If ineffective, use Mufangji Tang removing Shigao and adding Poria (Fuling) and Mirabilite (Mangxiao). Mild diarrhea indicates cure.

Excessive phlegm also causes shortness of breath and wheezing. Examine the patient's usual state; if not caused by fatigue and Qi collapse, but with a floating, slippery, and large pulse and throat discomfort, Siqi Tang (Four Seven Decoction) is very effective. This is Qi stagnation with Phlegm condensation, commonly known as Plum Pit Qi (Meiheqi). Zhang Zhongjing treated women feeling as if there were a roasted meat slice in the chest using Banxia Houpo Tang (Pinellia and Magnolia Bark Decoction), which is this formula. For wind-phlegm, Qianmin Tang (Thousand Thread Decoction) can be used: seven Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) pieces, stir-baked and sliced open; two Sophorae Tonkinensis Fructus (Zaojiao) pieces, skin and tips removed; one cun of stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao); ginger the size of a finger. Boil in one bowl of water, reduce to half a bowl, take in one dose.

It also treats wheezing and rebellion due to wind-cold with phlegm, nausea, dizziness, and desire to vomit. If this occurs in summer, it is a great heat pattern. Since symptoms vary with seasons (cold, heat, warmth, coolness), use equal parts of Wine-processed Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Wine-processed Cortex Phellodendri (Huangbai), and Wine-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu). Grind into fine powder, make pills the size of tung seeds. Take 200 pills per dose with warm water, on an empty stomach. Drink plenty of water afterwards. Shortly after taking, eat good food to prevent the medicine from staying in the stomach, allowing it to reach the lower origin to drain rebellious Chong Mai Qi. This is because Chong Mai rebellion prevents Qi descent. Normally Qi is peaceful, but movement causes shortness of breath and wheezing due to Chong Mai fire; use Wine-processed Cortex Phellodendri (Huangbai) and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu). Medicines that drain Qi, descend phlegm, and stop wheezing are excellent for those with strong constitution and excessive phlegm. However, medicines that direct Qi downward and move phlegm damage True Yuan; those with deficiency must be cautious. For all deficiency patterns, and pulses that are floating and large but thready upon pressure, purgation leads to death; be extremely careful. For Yin deficiency wheezing with weak and thready pulses and cold limbs, death is near; absolutely do not purge. Use Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Shengdi), Semen Tauri (Tongbian), and Bamboo Sap (Zhuli).

The *Suwen: Ni Diao Lun* states: Those who cannot lie down and wheeze are affected by Water Qi. Water flows along Jin Ye (Body Fluids). The Kidney is the Water Organ, governing Jin Ye, and controlling lying down and wheezing. Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Hanfangji) and Poria (Fuling) are indicated. It also states: Those who cannot lie down and have noisy breathing have reversal of Yangming Qi. Foot Triple Burner Yang meridians descend; now they reverse and ascend, causing noisy breathing. Yangming is the Stomach Meridian. The Stomach is the Sea of Six Fu Organs, and its Qi also descends. Yangming reversal prevents it from following its pathway, hence inability to lie down. (When Yangming pathways are blocked, Qi cannot flow through them, hence inability to lie down). The *Xia Jing* states: "If the Stomach is not harmonious, sleep is uneasy." This refers to the above. Prepared Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Juhong) are indicated.