苏羌达表汤 辛温发汗法 俞氏经验方
苏叶（钱半至三钱） 防风（一钱至钱半） 光杏仁（二钱至三钱） 羌活（一钱至钱半）
白芷（一钱至钱半） 广橘红（八分至一钱，极重钱半） 鲜生姜（八分至一钱） 浙苓皮（二钱至三钱）
浙绍卑湿。凡伤寒恒多挟湿。故予于辛温中佐以淡渗者。防其停湿也。湖南高燥。凡伤寒最易化燥。仲景于辛温
中佐以甘润者。防其化燥也。辛温发汗法虽同。而佐使之法则异。治正伤寒证。每用以代麻桂二汤。辄效。
【秀按】人有皮肉筋骨以成躯壳。皆谓之表。其中有脏腑以实之。则谓之里。而其能入里出表。全在经络。
故谓之传经。方以苏叶为君。专为辛散经络之风寒而设。臣以羌活。辛散筋骨之风寒。防风、白芷。辛散肌肉
之风寒。佐以杏、橘。轻苦微辛。引领筋骨肌肉之风寒。俾其从皮毛而出。使以姜、苓。辛淡发散为阳。深恐
其发汗不彻。停水为患也。立法周到。故列为发汗之首剂。
俞氏加减法 如风重于寒者。通称伤风。咳嗽痰多。原方去羌活生姜。加仙半夏三钱。前胡二钱。苦桔梗钱半。
葱豉桔梗汤 辛凉发汗法 俞氏经验方
鲜葱白（三枚至五枚） 苦桔梗（一钱至钱半） 焦山栀（二钱至三钱） 淡豆豉（三钱至五钱）
苏薄荷（一钱至钱半） 青连翘（钱半至二钱） 生甘草（六分至八分） 鲜淡竹叶（三十片）
【秀按】《肘后》葱豉汤。本为发汗之通剂。配合刘河间桔梗汤。君以荷翘桔竹之辛凉。佐以栀草之苦甘。合成
轻扬清散之良方。善治风温风热等初起证候。历验不爽。惟刘氏原方。尚有黄芩一味。而此不用者。畏其苦寒
化燥。涸其汗源也。若风火证初起。亦可酌加。
俞氏加减法。如咽阻喉痛者。加紫金锭两粒磨冲、大青叶三钱。如胸痞。原方去甘草。加生枳壳二钱、白蔻末八分
冲。如发疹。加蝉衣十二只、皂角刺五分、大力子三钱。如咳甚痰多。加苦杏仁三钱、广橘红钱半。如鼻衄。加生侧柏
叶四钱、鲜茅根五十支、去衣。如热盛化火。加条芩二钱、绿豆二两煎药。如火旺就燥。加生石膏八钱、知母四钱。
九味仓廪汤 益气发汗法 俞氏经验方
潞党参（一钱至钱半） 羌活（八分至一钱） 薄荷（一钱至钱半） 茯苓（二钱至三钱） 防风（一钱
至钱半） 前胡（一钱至钱半） 苦桔梗（一钱至钱半） 清炙草（六分至八分） 陈仓米（三钱至四钱）
【秀按】此方妙在参、苓、仓米。益气和胃。协济羌、防、薄、前、桔、甘。各走其经以散寒。又能鼓舞胃
中津液。上输于肺以化汗。正俞氏所谓藉胃汁以汗之也。凡气虚者。适感非时之寒邪。混厕经中。屡行疏表不
应。邪伏幽隐不出。非藉参、苓、米辅佐之力。不能载之外泄也。独怪近世医流。偏谓参、苓助长邪气。弃而
不用。专行群队升发。鼓激壮火飞腾。必至烁竭津液不已。良可慨焉。
七味葱白汤 养血发汗法 俞氏经验方 方载王氏《外台》
鲜葱白（三枚至四枚） 生葛根（一钱至钱半） 细生地（钱半至三钱） 淡豆豉（二钱至三钱）
原麦冬（一钱至钱半） 鲜生姜（一片或两片） 百劳水 四碗煎药
以长流水盛桶中。以竹杆扬之数百。名百劳水。
【秀按】葱白香豉汤。药味虽轻。治伤寒寒疫。三日以内。头痛如破。及温病初起烦热。其功最着。配以
地、麦、葛根。养血解肌。百劳水轻宣流利。即治虚人风热。伏气发温。及产后感冒。靡不随手获效。真血虚
发汗之良剂。凡夺血液枯者。用纯表药全然无汗。得此阴气外溢则汗出。
加减葳蕤汤 滋阴发汗法 俞氏经验方
生葳蕤（二钱至三钱） 生葱白（二枚至三枚） 桔梗（一钱至钱半） 东白薇（五分至一钱）
淡豆豉（三钱至四钱） 苏薄荷（一钱至钱半） 炙草（五分） 红枣（两枚）
【秀按】方以生玉竹滋阴润燥为君。臣以葱、豉、薄、桔。疏风散热。佐以白薇苦咸降泄。使以甘草、红
枣。甘润增液。以助玉竹之滋阴润燥。为阴虚体感冒风温。及冬温咳嗽。咽干痰结之良剂。
参附再造汤 助阳发汗法 俞氏经验方 方从陶节庵再造散加减
高丽参（一钱至钱半） 淡附片（五分） 川桂枝（一钱） 羌活（八分） 绵 皮（钱半酒洗） 北细辛（三分）
清炙草（八分） 防风（八分）
【秀按】阳虚者阴必盛。故君以附、桂破阴。阴盛者气必弱。故臣以参、 扶气。佐羌、防、细辛。以温散
阴寒。使以甘草。以缓辛、附、羌、防之性。专治伤寒夹阴。阳虚不能作汗。尺脉迟弱者。方义固高出前辈。
但稍嫌羌防冗杂。然无害于温补助卫之大旨。且足为专用麻、桂、羌、防等发汗。而汗不出者进一解。
香苏葱豉汤 理气发汗法 俞氏经验方 方载张氏《医通》妇科门
制香附（钱半至二钱） 新会皮（钱半至二钱） 鲜葱白（二枚至三枚） 紫苏（钱半至三钱）
清炙草（六分至八分） 淡香豉（三钱至四钱）
【秀按】女子善怀。每多抑郁。故表郁无汗。以香苏饮为主方。盖香附为气中血药。善疏气郁。紫苏为血中
气药。善解血郁。况又臣以葱豉。轻扬发表。佐以陈皮理气。炙草和药。又气血调和。则表郁解而津津汗出
矣。此为妊妇伤寒之主方。既能疏郁达表。又能调气安胎。血虚者可略加归芍。参严氏紫苏饮子法。专门产科
者注意之。
葱豉荷米煎 和中发汗法 喻氏经验方
鲜葱白（一枚切碎） 淡香豉（二钱） 苏薄荷（四分冲） 生粳米（三十粒）
【秀按】此即《肘后》葱豉粳米煎加簿荷。《内经》所谓因其轻而扬之也。治小儿伤寒初起一二日。头痛身热。发冷
无汗。药虽轻稳。用之辄效。医者勿以平淡而忽之。查王氏《外台》。有升麻、葛根者。甚则有加麻黄者。有加
麻、葛、栀子者。有加栀、芩、石膏、葛根者。有加童便者。有加葛根、生姜、粳米者。有加葛根、粳米者。
有加葳蕤、粳米、鼠屎者。有加冬花、麦冬、桔梗、甘草、槟榔、生地汁者。有加天冬、百部、紫菀、川贝、
葛根、白前、广皮、生姜者。有加杏仁、童便者。有加生地、生姜、童便者。有加葳蕤、羚角、人参者。对证
选用。投无不效。
新加三拗汤 宣上发汗法 俞氏经验方
带节麻黄（六分） 荆芥穗（二钱） 苦桔梗（一钱） 金橘饼（一枚） 苦杏仁（一钱半） 苏薄荷（一钱）
生甘草（五分） 大蜜枣（一枚）
【秀按】太阳经为一身之外卫。主皮毛。而皮毛又为肺之合。故足太阳与手太阴二经之病。往往互见。如
《伤寒论》头痛恶寒。固太阳经症。鼻鸣而喘。即肺经症矣。此以麻黄汤去桂枝为君。而麻黄留节。发中有收。苦
杏仁留尖取其发。留皮取其涩。略杵取其味易出。甘草生用。补中有散。三味与仲景法相拗故名。俞氏佐以
荆、薄疏风。桔、甘宣上。使以橘饼、蜜枣。辛甘微散。变仲景峻剂为平剂。以治风伤肺、寒伤太阳、头痛恶
寒、无汗而喘、咳嗽白痰等证。效如桴鼓。可谓屡用达药。善于化裁者矣。
【荣斋按】“达药”二字，出南齐《褚氏遗书》，见《图书集成医部全录》总论。它的意义，大概是指唤得应，
拿得稳的药物。
麻附五皮饮 温下发汗法 俞氏经验方
麻黄（一钱） 淡附片（八分） 浙苓皮（三钱） 大腹皮（二钱） 细辛（五分） 新会皮（钱半） 五加
皮（三钱） 生姜皮（一钱）
【秀按】此以仲景麻附细辛汤。合华元化五皮饮为剂。君以麻黄。外走太阳而上开肺气。臣以辛附。温化肾
气。佐以五皮。开腠理以达皮肤。为治一身尽肿。化气发汗之良方。
【廉勘】麻黄虽为发汗之峻品。而用于水肿证。其力较减。其性反缓者。以水气抵抗之力大也。妙在下行之
性。又能利溺。故前哲于水肿证。多用麻黄者以此。惜世俗无普通医识。辄畏麻黄如虎。致良药见弃。良可慨
焉。但必须先煎数沸。掠去浮沫。以减麻烈之性。庶无流弊。
小青龙汤 化饮发汗法 俞氏经验方 载《伤寒论》
麻黄（八分） 姜半夏（三钱） 炒干姜（八分拌捣五味子三分） 川桂枝（一钱） 北细辛（五分） 白
芍（一钱） 清炙草（六分）
【秀按】风寒外搏。痰饮内伏。发为痰嗽气喘者。必须从小青龙加减施治。盖君以麻、桂辛温泄卫。即佐以
芍、草酸甘护营。妙在干姜与五味拌捣为臣。一温肺阳而化饮。一收肺气以定喘。又以半夏之辛滑降痰。细辛
之辛润行水。则痰饮悉化为水气。自然津津汗出而解。若不开表而徒行水。何以解风寒之搏束。若一味开表。
而不用辛以行水。又何以去其水气。此方开中有阖。升中有降。真如神龙之变化不测。设非风寒而为风温。麻
桂亦不可擅用。学人宜细心辨证。对证酌用也。
【加减法】渴者去姜半夏。加天花粉三钱。喘者去麻黄。加苦杏仁三钱。小便不利。少腹满者。重加茯苓六
钱。误饮冷水。寒与水相搏。其人噎者。再加淡附片一钱。但咳而不上气。脉右浮滑者。去桂枝芍草。加川朴
钱半。苦杏仁三钱。生石膏四钱。淮小麦三钱。咳而上气。喉中作水鸡声者。亦去桂枝芍草。加射干二钱、款
冬花（三钱） 紫菀（四钱） 大枣（二枚）。如汗解后。肺有支饮而呕者。去麻、桂、白芍。加浙茯苓四钱。饮去呕止。
其人形肿者。加苦杏仁三钱。如胃热上冲。面热如醉者。加酒炒生锦纹一钱。如咳而上气。烦躁而喘。脉右浮
滑。心下有水而肺胀者。原方加石膏八钱。
越脾加半夏汤 蠲痰发汗法 俞氏经验方 载《金匮要略》
蜜炙麻黄（一钱） 姜半夏（四钱） 鲜生姜（一钱） 生石膏（四钱） 生粉 甘草（八分） 大黑枣（四枚泡
去皮）
【秀按】外感风寒。激动肺脏痰火。发为喘嗽。目突如脱。右脉浮大者。则以越脾加半夏汤为正治。方用麻
黄、生姜开表为君。以辛散外来之风寒。石膏清里为臣。以寒降上逆之肺火。妙在姜半夏之辛滑涤痰。以开肺
气之壅塞。使以草枣。滋补中气。缓和诸药。俾肺窍中之痰涎净尽。则火无所根据傍而自出矣。此为辛散风寒。
整肃痰火之良方。
【荣斋按】程钟龄说∶“汗者，散也。《经》云∶‘邪在皮毛者汗而发之’是也。又云‘体若燔炭汗出而散’是也。
然有当汗不汗误人者，有不当汗而汗误人者，有当汗不可汗而妄汗之误人者，有当汗而汗之不中其经，不辨其
药，知发而不知敛以误人者，是不可以不审也。何则？风寒初客于人也，头痛发热而恶寒，鼻塞声重而体痛；
此皮毛受病，法当汗之。若失时不汗，或汗不如法，以致腠理闭塞，荣卫不通，病邪深入，流传经络者有之，
此当汗不汗之过也。亦有头痛发热与伤寒同，而其人倦怠无力，鼻不塞，声不重，脉来虚弱，此内伤元气不足
之症；又有劳心好色，其阴亏损，内热晡热，脉细数而无力者；又有伤食病胸膈满闷，吞酸嗳腐，日晡潮热，
气口脉紧者；又有寒痰厥逆，湿淫香港脚，内痈外痈，瘀血凝结，以及风温湿温，中暑自汗诸症；皆有寒热，与
外感风寒，似同而实异，若误汗之，变症百出矣。所谓不当汗而汗者此也。若夫症在外感应汗之例，而其人
脐之左右上下，或有动气，则不可以汗。《经》云∶‘动气在右，不可发汗，汗则衄而渴，心烦，饮水即吐。动气
在左，不可发汗，汗则头眩，汗不止，筋惕肉 。动气在上，不可发汗，汗则气上冲，正在心中。动气在下，
不可发汗，汗则无汗，心大烦骨节疼，目运，食入则吐，舌不得前。’又脉沉咽燥，病已入里，汗之则津液越
出，大便难而谵语。又少阴症，但厥无汗，而强发之，则动血未知从何道出；或从耳目，或从口鼻出者，此为
下厥上竭为难治。又少阴中寒，不可发汗，汗则厥逆，蜷卧，不能自温也。又寸脉弱者，不可发汗，汗则亡
阳，尺脉弱者，不可发汗，汗则亡阴也。又诸亡血家不可汗，汗则直视，额上陷；淋家不可汗，汗则便血；疮
家不可汗，汗则痉。又伤寒病在少阳，不可汗，汗则谵妄。又坏病虚人，及女人经水适来者，皆不可汗；若妄
汗之，变症百出矣。所谓当汗不可汗而妄汗误人者此也。夫病不可汗，而又不可以不汗，则将听之乎？是有道
也。《伤寒赋》云∶‘动气理中去白术。’是即于理中汤去术而加汗药。保元气而除病气也。又热邪入里，而表未
解者，仲景有麻黄石膏之例，有葛根黄连黄芩之例，是清凉解表法也。又太阳症，脉沉细，少阴症，反发热
者，有麻黄附子细辛之例，是温中解表法也。又少阳中风，用柴胡汤加桂枝，是和解中兼表法也。又阳虚者，
东垣用补中汤加表药；阴虚者，丹溪用芎归汤加表药；其法精且密矣。总而言之∶凡一切阳虚者，皆宜补中发
汗；一切阴虚者，皆宜养阴发汗。挟热者，皆宜清凉发汗；挟寒者，皆宜温经发汗；伤食者，则宜消导发汗。
Suxiang Dabiao Decoction (Perilla and Notopterygium Surface-Reaching Decoction) - Acrid-Warm Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula
Perillae Folium (Qin Ban to San Qian, approx. 4.5g-9g)
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Yifang, Fangfeng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Guang Xingren, Guangxingren) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Guang Juhong, Broad Tangerine Peel) (Ba Fen to Yi Qian, max Qian Ban, approx. 2.4g-3g, up to 4.5g)
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Xian Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger) (Ba Fen to Yi Qian, approx. 2.4g-3g)
Poria Cocos Sclerotium Cortex (Zhe Lingpi, Zhejiang Poria Peel) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Shaoxing in Zhejiang is low-lying and damp. In cases of Shanghan (Cold Damage), dampness is often concomitant. Therefore, I assist acrid-warm herbs with bland diuretic agents to prevent dampness stagnation. Hunan is high and dry. In cases of Shanghan, drying transformation occurs most easily. Zhang Zhongjing assists acrid-warm herbs with sweet-moistening agents to prevent drying transformation. Although the Acrid-Warm Sweating Method is the same, the methods of assistant and envoy herbs differ. For treating standard Shanghan syndromes, this formula is often used to replace Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), yielding frequent efficacy.
[Commentary by Xiu] The human body consists of skin, flesh, sinews, and bones forming the shell, all referred to as "Biao" (Exterior). Organs and viscera fill the interior, referred to as "Li" (Interior). The ability for pathogens to enter the interior or exit to the exterior relies entirely on the meridians.
Thus, it is called "Chuan Jing" (Transmission through Meridians). This formula uses Perillae Folium as the Sovereign herb, specifically designed to acridly disperse wind-cold from the meridians. Minister herbs include Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, acridly dispersing wind-cold from sinews and bones. Saposhnikoviae Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix acridly disperse wind-cold from muscles. Assistant herbs include Prunus Armeniaca Semen and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, lightly bitter and slightly acrid, guiding wind-cold from sinews, muscles, and bones to exit via the skin pores. Envoy herbs include Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma and Poria Cocos Sclerotium Cortex; their acrid-bland dispersal is Yang-natured, deeply fearing that sweating may be incomplete, leading to water retention complications. The legislative principle is thorough, hence listed as the primary sweating formula.
Yu's Modification: If wind predominates over cold, commonly known as Shangfeng (Wind Injury) with cough and profuse sputum. Remove Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma from the original formula; add Pinelliae Praeparata (Xian Banxia, Prepared Pinellia) 3 Qian, Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) 2 Qian, and Platycodonis Radix (Kujiegeng) 1.5 Qian.
Congchi Jiegeng Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean with Platycodon Decoction) - Acrid-Cool Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Xian Congbai, Fresh Scallion White) (3 to 5 bulbs)
Platycodonis Radix (Kujiegeng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus (Jiao Shanzhi, Scorched Gardenia Fruit) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Danchidou, Light Fermented Soybean) (San Qian to Wu Qian, approx. 9g-15g)
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Subohbohe, Perilla Mint) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Forsythiae Fructus (Qing Lianqiao, Green Forsythia) (Qian Ban to Er Qian, approx. 4.5g-6g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gancao, Raw Licorice) (Liu Fen to Ba Fen, approx. 1.8g-2.4g)
Hedyotidis Herba (Xian Danzhuye, Fresh Hedyotis Leaves) (30 leaves)
[Commentary by Xiu] Congchi Tang (Scallion and Fermented Soybean Decoction) from *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Emergency Prescriptions Kept Up One's Sleeve) is a general sweating agent. Combined with Liu Hejian's Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction), using the acrid-cool properties of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Platycodonis Radix, and Hedyotidis Herba as Sovereign, assisted by the bitter-sweet properties of Gardeniae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, it forms a light, ascending, clearing, and dispersing excellent formula. It effectively treats early-stage Fengwen (Wind-Warmth) and Fengre (Wind-Heat) syndromes, with consistent results. However, Liu's original formula contains Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), which is omitted here due to fear that its bitter-cold nature will cause drying and deplete the source of sweat. If Wind-Fire syndrome occurs at the onset, it can be added酌情 (as appropriate).
Yu's Modifications: For throat obstruction and pain, add Zijin Ding (Purple Gold Tablet) 2 pills ground and mixed, and Isatidis Folium (Daqingye) 3 Qian. For chest fullness, remove Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, add Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Sheng Zhike) 2 Qian, and Amomi Fructus Rotundus (Baiko) powder 0.8 Fen mixed. For rash eruption, add Bombyx Batryticatus (Chanyi, Cicada Slough) 12 pieces, Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Zaocys Ci) 0.5 Fen, and Arctii Fructus (Niubizi) 3 Qian. For severe cough with profuse sputum, add Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Ku Xingren) 3 Qian and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Guang Juhong) 1.5 Qian. For epistaxis, add Platycladi Cacumen (Sheng Cebaiye) 4 Qian and Imperatae Rhizoma (Xian Maogen, Fresh Imperata Rhizome) 50 stalks (dehusked). For intense heat transforming into fire, add Scutellariae Radix (Tiao Qin) 2 Qian and Phaseoli Radiati Semen (Lv Dou) 2 Liang decocted with the medicine. For fire blazing and consuming dryness, add Gypsum Fibrosum (Sheng Shigao) 8 Qian and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu) 4 Qian.
Jiuwei Canglin Tang (Nine-Ingredient Granary Storehouse Decoction) - Qi-Supplementing Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula
Codonopsis Radix (Lu Dangshen) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) (Ba Fen to Yi Qian, approx. 2.4g-3g)
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Poria Cocos (Fuling) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Peucedani Radix (Qianhu) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Platycodonis Radix (Kujiegeng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Qing Zhigancao, Honey-fried Licorice) (Liu Fen to Ba Fen, approx. 1.8g-2.4g)
Oryza Sativa Indica Var. Glutinosa (Chen Cangmi, Aged Warehouse Rice) (San Qian to Si Qian, approx. 9g-12g)
[Commentary by Xiu] The brilliance of this formula lies in Codonopsis Radix, Poria Cocos, and Chen Cangmi, which tonify Qi and harmonize the Stomach, assisting Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba, Peucedani Radix, Platycodonis Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma to travel their respective meridians to disperse cold. It also stimulates Stomach fluids, transporting them upward to the Lung to transform into sweat, precisely what Yu means by "borrowing Stomach juice to induce sweating." For those with Qi deficiency who contract atypical Cold Pathogens, mixing into the meridians, where repeated surface-dispersing methods fail, and pathogens remain hidden, without the assistance of Codonopsis Radix, Poria Cocos, and rice, the pathogen cannot be carried out. It is strange that modern physicians claim Codonopsis Radix and Poria Cocos aid pathogenic factors, abandoning them, and instead use groups of ascending and dispersing herbs, stirring up vigorous fire, inevitably burning up fluids. This is lamentable.
Qiwei Congbai Tang (Seven-Ingredient Scallion White Decoction) - Blood-Nourishing Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula. Recorded in Wang's *Waitai Miyao*.
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Xian Congbai, Fresh Scallion White) (3 to 4 bulbs)
Puerariae Radix (Sheng Gegen, Raw Kudzu Root) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Rehmanniae Radix (Xi Shengdi, Fine Rehmannia) (Qian Ban to San Qian, approx. 4.5g-9g)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Danchidou, Light Fermented Soybean) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Ophiopogonis Radix (Yuan Maidong, Original Ophiopogon) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Xian Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger) (1 or 2 slices)
Bilao Shui (Bilao Water) - 4 bowls for decoction
Fill a bucket with flowing water, stir vigorously hundreds of times with a bamboo pole; this is named Bilao Water.
[Commentary by Xiu] Congbai Xiangchi Tang (Scallion White and Fragrant Fermented Soybean Decoction), though mild in ingredients, is highly effective for Shanghan Hanji (Cold Epidemic) within three days, presenting with splitting headache, and early-stage Wenbing (Warm Disease) with irritability and fever. Combined with Rehmanniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, and Puerariae Radix to nourish blood and resolve muscle tension, Bilao Water is light, ascending, and smooth-flowing. It is effective even for deficient individuals with Wind-Heat, latent Qi transforming into Warmth, and postpartum colds. It is truly an excellent formula for sweating in Blood deficiency. For those with depleted blood and dryness, pure surface-dispersing herbs yield no sweat; this formula allows Yin Qi to overflow externally, inducing sweat.
Jiajian Ruiyu Tang (Modified Polygonatum Decoction) - Yin-Nourishing Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula
Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Sheng Weiyu, Raw Polygonatum/Odoratus Rhizoma) (Er Qian to San Qian, approx. 6g-9g)
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Sheng Congbai, Fresh Scallion White) (2 to 3 bulbs)
Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma? No, Baiwei is usually Glehniae Radix or similar. Dong Baiwei (Dong Baiwei) (Wu Fen to Yi Qian, approx. 1.5g-3g)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Danchidou, Light Fermented Soybean) (San Qian to Si Qian, approx. 9g-12g)
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Subohbohe, Perilla Mint) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata (Zhigancao, Fried Licorice) (Wu Fen, approx. 1.5g)
Jujubae Fructus (Hongzao, Red Dates) (2 pieces)
[Commentary by Xiu] The formula uses Raw Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu) as Sovereign to nourish Yin and moisten dryness. Ministers are Scallion White, Fermented Soybean, Mint, and Platycodonis Radix to disperse wind and clear heat. Assistant is Baiwei (Bitter-Salty, descending), envoys are Licorice and Red Dates (Sweet-Moistening to increase fluids, aiding Yuzhu). It is an excellent formula for Yin-deficient constitutions contracting Wind-Warmth, Winter-Warmth cough, dry throat, and phlegm knotting.
Shenfu Zaizao Tang (Ginseng and Aconite Rebirth Decoction) - Yang-Assisting Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula. Modified from Tao Jian'an's Zaizao San.
Panax Ginseng (Gaolishen, Korean Ginseng) (Yi Qian to Qian Ban, approx. 3g-4.5g)
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Dan Fupian, Prepared Aconite) (Wu Fen, approx. 1.5g)
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Chuan Guizhi, Cinnamon Twig) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
Astragali Membranaceus (Mian Huangqi, Cotton Astragalus) (Qian Ban wine-washed, approx. 4.5g)
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Beixixin, Northern Asarum) (San Fen, approx. 0.9g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Qing Zhigancao, Honey-fried Licorice) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
[Commentary by Xiu] When Yang is deficient, Yin must be excessive; thus, Sovereign herbs Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Cinnamomi Ramulus break Yin excess. When Yin is excessive, Qi must be weak; thus, Ministers Panax Ginseng and Astragali Membranaceus support Qi. Assistants Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Saposhnikoviae Radix, and Asari Radix et Rhizoma warm and disperse Yin-Cold. Envoy Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma moderates the acridity of Aconite, Cinnamon, Notopterygium, and Saposhnikovia. It specifically treats Shanghan with Yin involvement, where Yang deficiency prevents sweating, and the Chi pulse is slow and weak. The formula's logic surpasses predecessors, though Notopterygium and Saposhnikovia seem redundant, they do not harm the main principle of warming and assisting Wei-Qi. It offers an alternative for cases where Mahuang Tang, Guizhi Tang, etc., fail to induce sweat.
Xiangsu Congchi Tang (Costus and Scallion-Fermented Soybean Decoction) - Qi-Regulating Sweating Method - Yu's Empirical Formula. Recorded in Zhang's *Yitong* Gynecology Section.
Cyperi Rhizoma (Zhi Xiangfu, Processed Costus) (Qian Ban to Er Qian, approx. 4.5g-6g)
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Xinhui Pi, Newhui Peel/Chenpi) (Qian Ban to Er Qian, approx. 4.5g-6g)
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Xian Congbai, Fresh Scallion White) (2 to 3 bulbs)
Perillae Folium (Zisu, Purple Perilla) (Qian Ban to San Qian, approx. 4.5g-9g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Qing Zhigancao, Honey-fried Licorice) (Liu Fen to Ba Fen, approx. 1.8g-2.4g)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Dan Xiangchi, Light Fragrant Fermented Soybean) (San Qian to Si Qian, approx. 9g-12g)
[Commentary by Xiu] Women are prone to emotional depression, often causing Exterior constraint with no sweat. Xiangsu Yin (Costus and Perilla Decoction) is the main formula. Cyperi Rhizoma is a Qi herb acting on Blood, good at resolving Qi stagnation; Perillae Folium is a Blood herb acting on Qi, good at resolving Blood stagnation. Furthermore, ministers Scallion White and Fermented Soybean lightly ascend and release the Exterior; assistants Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium regulate Qi; envoys Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma harmonize the drugs. When Qi and Blood are harmonized, Exterior constraint resolves, and sweat flows freely. This is the main formula for pregnant women with Shanghan, capable of resolving stagnation, reaching the Exterior, regulating Qi, and calming the fetus. For Blood deficiency, add Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba, referencing Yan's Zisu Yinzi method. Obstetricians should note this.
Congchi Hemijian (Scallion-Fermented Soybean and Rice Decoction) - Middle-Harmonizing Sweating Method. Yu's Empirical Formula.
Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Xian Congbai, Fresh Scallion White) (1 bulb, chopped)
Sojae Seminem Praeparatum (Dan Xiangchi, Light Fragrant Fermented Soybean) (2 Qian, approx. 6g)
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Su Bohe, Perilla Mint) (4 Fen mixed, approx. 1.2g)
Oryzae Fructus (Sheng Jingmi, Raw Rice) (30 grains)
[Commentary by Xiu] This is *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*'s Congchi Jingmi Jian (Scallion-Fermented Soybean and Rice Decoction) plus Mint. As stated in *Neijing*: "Because it is light, scatter it." It treats pediatric Shanghan in the first one or two days, with headache, fever, chills, and no sweat. Though mild and stable, it is effective. Physicians should not neglect it because it seems plain. Checking Wang's *Waitai Miyao*, there are versions with Cimicifugae Rhizoma and Puerariae Radix, some with Ephedrae Herba, some with Ephedrae Herba, Puerariae Radix, and Gardeniae Fructus, some with Gardeniae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Gypsum Fibrosum, and Puerariae Radix, some with Infantis Urine, some with Puerariae Radix, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, and Oryzae Fructus, some with Puerariae Radix and Oryzae Fructus, some with Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, Oryzae Fructus, and Rattus Norvegicus Faeces, some with Adenophorae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Arecae Semen, and Rehmanniae Radix Juice, some with Asparagi Radix, Stemona Radix, Asteris Tatarici Radix, Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, Puerariae Radix, Cynanchi Stauntonii Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, and Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, some with Prunus Armeniaca Semen and Infantis Urine, some with Rehmanniae Radix, Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma, and Infantis Urine, some with Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, Saiga Tataricus Cornu, and Panax Ginseng. Select according to syndrome; administration is invariably effective.
Xinjia San'ao Tang (Newly Added Three Unyielding Decoction) - Upper-Dispersing Sweating Method. Yu's Empirical Formula.
Ephedrae Herba (Daijie Mahuang, Ephedra with Nodes) (Liu Fen, approx. 1.8g)
Schizonepetae Spica (Jingjiesui, Schizonepeta Spike) (Er Qian, approx. 6g)
Platycodonis Radix (Kujiegeng, Bitter Platycodon) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Fortunellae Fructus (Jinjobing, Golden Orange Cake) (1 piece)
Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Ku Xingren, Bitter Apricot Seed) (Qian Ban, approx. 4.5g)
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Su Bohe, Perilla Mint) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Gancao, Raw Licorice) (Wu Fen, approx. 1.5g)
Jujubae Fructus (Da Mizao, Large Honey Date) (1 piece)
[Commentary by Xiu] The Taiyang Meridian is the external defense of the body, governing the skin and hair, which are the exterior of the Lung. Thus, diseases of the Foot-Taiyang and Hand-Taiyin meridians often appear together. For example, headache and aversion to cold in *Shanghan Lun* are Taiyang symptoms; nasal congestion and wheezing are Lung symptoms. This formula uses Mahuang Tang minus Guizhi Tang as Sovereign. Mahuang retains nodes (releasing with restraint); Ku Xingren retains tips (for releasing) and skins (for astringency), lightly crushed for easy extraction of flavor; Sheng Gancao is used raw (tonifying with dispersing). These three herbs contradict Zhongjing's method, hence the name. Yu assists with Jingjie and Bohe to disperse wind, Jiegeng and Gancao to disperse the Upper, and Jinjobing and Mizao as envoys (acrid-sweet, slightly dispersing). It transforms Zhongjing's harsh formula into a mild one, treating Wind injuring Lung, Cold injuring Taiyang, headache, aversion to cold, anhidrosis with wheezing, cough with white sputum, with efficacy like a drumstick striking. It is a frequently used effective drug, demonstrating skillful modification.
[Rongzhai Commentary] The term "Da Yao" (Effective Drug) comes from the Southern Qi text *Chu Shi Yi Shu*, seen in *Tushu Jicheng Yibu Quanlu* General Discussion. Its meaning generally refers to drugs that elicit a prompt response and are reliable.
Mafu Wupi Yin (Ephedra and Aconite Five-Peel Decoction) - Lower-Warming Sweating Method. Yu's Empirical Formula.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Dan Fupian, Prepared Aconite) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
Poria Cocos Sclerotium Cortex (Zhe Lingpi, Zhejiang Poria Peel) (San Qian, approx. 9g)
Arecae Pericarpium (Dafupi, Betel Nut Peel) (Er Qian, approx. 6g)
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Beixixin, Northern Asarum) (Wu Fen, approx. 1.5g)
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Xinhui Pi, Newhui Peel) (Qian Ban, approx. 4.5g)
Acanthopanacis Cortex (Wujiapi, Acanthopanax Bark) (San Qian, approx. 9g)
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma Cortex (Shengjiangpi, Fresh Ginger Peel) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
[Commentary by Xiu] This formula combines Zhongjing's Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang with Hua Yuanhua's Wupi Yin. Sovereign is Mahuang, moving outward to Taiyang and opening Lung Qi upward. Ministers are Xixin and Fuzi, warming and transforming Kidney Qi. Assistants are the Five Peels, opening interstices to reach the skin. It is an excellent formula for treating generalized edema, transforming Qi and inducing sweat.
[Lian Kan] Although Ephedrae Herba is a harsh sweating agent, its power is reduced and nature becomes milder when used for edema, due to the strong resistance of fluid retention. Its virtue lies in its downward-moving nature, which also promotes urination. Hence, ancient masters often used Ephedrae Herba for edema. It is regrettable that common physicians fear Ephedrae Herba like tigers, discarding good medicines. However, it must be boiled first for several minutes, skimming off the foam, to reduce its harshness, avoiding adverse effects.
Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) - Fluid-Transforming Sweating Method. Yu's Empirical Formula. Recorded in *Shanghan Lun*.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum (Jiang Banxia, Ginger-Processed Pinellia) (San Qian, approx. 9g)
Zingiberis Rhizoma (Chao Ganjiang, Stir-fried Dried Ginger) (Ba Fen mixed with Sandaliae Semen (Wuweizi) 3 Fen)
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Chuan Guizhi, Cinnamon Twig) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Beixixin, Northern Asarum) (Wu Fen, approx. 1.5g)
Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, White Peony) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle (Qing Zhigancao, Honey-fried Licorice) (Liu Fen, approx. 1.8g)
[Commentary by Xiu] When Wind-Cold attacks externally and Phlegm-Fluids reside internally, manifesting as phlegmatic cough and asthma, treatment must start with Xiao Qinglong Tang modifications. Sovereign herbs Mahuang and Guizhi acridly-warm to vent Wei-Qi, assisted by Shaoyao and Gancao sour-sweet to protect Ying-Qi. The brilliance lies in Ganjiang and Wuweizi mixed and pounded as Ministers: one warms Lung-Yang to transform fluids, the other astrings Lung-Qi to calm asthma. Banxia's acrid-smoothness descends phlegm; Xixin's acrid-moistness moves water. Thus, phlegm-fluids transform into water vapor, naturally inducing sweat and resolution. If the exterior is not opened but only water is moved, how can Wind-Cold constraint be resolved? If only the exterior is opened without acrid herbs to move water, how can fluid retention be removed? This formula opens while closing, ascends while descending, unpredictable as a divine dragon. If it is not Wind-Cold but Wind-Warmth, Mahuang and Guizhi should not be used arbitrarily. Students should differentiate carefully and use appropriately.
[Modifications]: For thirst, remove Jiang Banxia, add Trichosanthis Radix (Tianhuafen) 3 Qian. For asthma, remove Mahuang, add Ku Xingren 3 Qian. For difficult urination and lower abdominal fullness, heavily add Poria Cocos (Fuling) 6 Qian. If cold water was mistakenly drunk, cold fighting with water, causing choking, add Dan Fupian 1 Qian. For cough only without asthma, right pulse floating and slippery, remove Guizhi, Shaoyao, and Gancao, add Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Chuan Pu) 1.5 Qian, Ku Xingren 3 Qian, Gypsum Fibrosum 4 Qian, and Triticum Aestivum Fructus (Huai Xiaomai) 3 Qian. For cough with asthma and frog-like sounds in the throat, also remove Guizhi, Shaoyao, and Gancao, add Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan) 2 Qian, Adenophorae Radix (Kudonghua) 3 Qian, Asteris Tatarici Radix (Ziwan) 4 Qian, and Jujubae Fructus (Dazao) 2 pieces. After sweating resolves, if there is residual fluid in the Lung causing vomiting, remove Mahuang, Guizhi, and Baishao, add Zhe Fuling 4 Qian. Once fluid is gone and vomiting stops, if the person has swelling, add Ku Xingren 3 Qian. If Stomach heat rushes upward, face red as if drunk, add Jiuchao Sheng Jinwen (Wine-fried Raw Rheum) 1 Qian. If cough with asthma, irritability, and asthma, right pulse floating and slippery, fluid under the heart, and Lung distension, add Gypsum Fibrosum 8 Qian to the original formula.
Yuebi Jia Banxia Tang (Yuebi Plus Pinellia Decoction) - Phlegm-Expelling Sweating Method. Yu's Empirical Formula. Recorded in *Jingui Yaolue*.
Ephedrae Herba (Mi Zhi Mahuang, Honey-fried Ephedra) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum (Jiang Banxia, Ginger-Processed Pinellia) (Si Qian, approx. 12g)
Zingiberis Recens Rhizoma (Xian Shengjiang, Fresh Ginger) (Yi Qian, approx. 3g)
Gypsum Fibrosum (Sheng Shigao, Raw Gypsum) (Si Qian, approx. 12g)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Sheng Fen Gancao, Raw Powdered Licorice) (Ba Fen, approx. 2.4g)
Jujubae Fructus (Da Heizao, Large Black Date) (4 pieces, soaked and peeled)
[Commentary by Xiu] External Wind-Cold agitates Lung Phlegm-Fire, manifesting as asthma and cough, bulging eyes, and right pulse floating and large. Yuebi Jia Banxia Tang is the correct treatment. Sovereign herbs Mahuang and Shengjiang open the exterior with acrid dispersion of external Wind-Cold. Minister Sheng Shigao clears the interior with cold descent of rebellious Lung Fire. The brilliance lies in Jiang Banxia's acrid-smoothness washing away phlegm to open Lung Qi obstruction. Envoys Gancao and Zao tonify Middle Qi and moderate other herbs. When phlegm-saliva in the Lung orifices is cleared, Fire has no basis and exits naturally. This is an excellent formula for acridly dispersing Wind-Cold and rectifying Phlegm-Fire.
[Rongzhai Commentary] Cheng Zhongling said: "Sweating is dispersing. The Classic says: 'Pathogens in the skin and hair should be treated by sweating.' And 'If the body is like burning charcoal, sweating disperses it.' However, there are errors caused by failing to sweat when indicated, sweating when not indicated, sweating when contraindicated, and sweating improperly without distinguishing meridians or herbs, knowing how to release but not how to astringe. This must be examined carefully. Why? When Wind-Cold initially invades, causing headache, fever, aversion to cold, nasal congestion, heavy voice, and body pain; this is a skin-hair disease, legally requiring sweating. If time is lost and sweating is not induced, or sweating is improper, leading to closed pores, blocked Ying-Wei, deep pathogen invasion, and meridian transmission, this is the fault of failing to sweat when indicated. There are also cases with headache and fever similar to Shanghan, but with fatigue, weak nose, light voice, and weak pulse; this is internal injury with insufficient Yuan-Qi. There are cases of mental strain and sexual indulgence causing Yin deficiency, afternoon fever, thin-rapid weak pulse. There are food-stagnation cases with chest oppression, acid regurgitation, belching, afternoon tidal fever, and tight Qi-kou pulse. There are cold-phlegm syncope, damp-induced Hong Kong foot (podagra), internal/external abscesses, blood stasis condensation, and Wind-Warmth/Damp-Warmth/Cool-Strokes with spontaneous sweating; all have cold/heat similar to external Wind-Cold but fundamentally different. Mistaken sweating causes myriad changes. This is sweating when not indicated. Even if symptoms indicate sweating, if there is 'moving Qi' around the umbilicus (left, right, upper, lower), sweating is contraindicated. The Classic says: 'Moving Qi on the right, do not sweat; sweating causes nosebleed, thirst, irritability, vomiting after drinking. Moving Qi on the left, do not sweat; sweating causes dizziness, continuous sweating, twitching sinews and muscles. Moving Qi above, do not sweat; sweating causes Qi rushing up, centering in the heart. Moving Qi below, do not sweat; sweating causes no sweat, great irritability, bone/joint pain, dizzy eyes, vomiting after eating, tongue immobility.' Also, deep pulse and dry throat indicate interior disease; sweating causes fluid loss, constipation, and delirium. Shaoyin syndrome with cold limbs and no sweat, forced sweating causes bleeding from unknown sources (ears, eyes, mouth, nose), termed Lower Cold and Upper Exhaustion, difficult to treat. Shaoyin Cold damage, do not sweat; sweating causes cold limbs, curled posture, inability to self-warm. Weak Cun pulse, do not sweat; sweating causes Yang collapse. Weak Chi pulse, do not sweat; sweating causes Yin collapse. Those with blood loss should not sweat; sweating causes fixed gaze and sunken forehead. Those with strangury should not sweat; sweating causes hematuria. Those with sores should not sweat; sweating causes spasms. Shaoyang Shanghan, do not sweat; sweating causes delirium. Complicated diseases, deficient persons, and women with menstruation should not sweat; mistaken sweating causes myriad changes. This is sweating when contraindicated. If a disease cannot be sweated but must be sweated, what then? There is a way. *Shanghan Fu* says: 'For moving Qi, use Lizhong Tang removing Atractylodes.' This is Lizhong Tang minus Atractylodes plus sweating herbs, preserving Yuan-Qi and eliminating pathogenic Qi. For Heat entering the interior with unresolved exterior, Zhongjing has examples of Mahuang-Shigao and Gegen-Huanglian-Huangqin, which are Cool-Clearing Exterior-Resolving methods. Taiyang syndrome with deep-thin pulse, Shaoyin syndrome with reverse fever, there is Mahuang-Fuzi-Xixin example, a Warm-Middle Exterior-Resolving method. Shaoyang Wind Strike, Chaihu Tang plus Guizhi, a Harmonizing method with Exterior-Resolving aspect. For Yang deficiency, Dongyuan uses Buzhong Tang plus exterior herbs; for Yin deficiency, Danxi uses Xionggui Tang plus exterior herbs; their methods are precise and detailed. In summary: All Yang deficiencies should use Middle-Tonifying Sweating; all Yin deficiencies should use Yin-Nourishing Sweating; those with Heat should use Cool-Clearing Sweating; those with Cold should use Meridian-Warming Sweating; those with Food Stagnation should use Digestion-Guiding Sweating."