Library

[Comment by Xu Rongzhai] In acute febrile diseases, when the heat is high and pathogenic factors are congested, stimulating the brain, neural functions become obscured. This often results in a temporary cessation of perception and movement, which is what this section refers to as "Shanghan Zhuan Bi" (Transformation of Cold Damage into Closure). Its clinical manifestations: due to the obscuration of sensory nerves, consciousness becomes lethargic, resembling intoxication or idiocy; due to motor nerve impairment, the body cannot turn or shift positions, eyes may be fixed open, and jaw clamped shut; due to respiratory obstruction, phlegm and qi are congested, producing sounds in the throat like water bubbling. There are also cases where cardiac systole and diastole temporarily cease, resulting in no pulse; or where the bladder sphincter muscle temporarily paralyzes, causing urinary incontinence; along with tightness of the jaw and clenched hands. Dysarthria is a particularly prominent sign. Yu attributed the cause to "heat pathogen transmitting to the Heart," "obscuration by phlegm-fire," and "covering by damp-heat," thus naming them "Heat Bi," "Phlegm Bi," and "Damp Obscuration." In reality, it is merely that the vital functions of the Heart, Lungs, and Brain have encountered obstacles, leading to a temporary obscuration of perception and movement. Ye Tianshi stated: "Once evil heat sinks inward, the interior collaterals immediately close." Wang Qingren said: "If there is no Qi in the brain marrow for a moment, not only will there be no spiritual activity, but death will occur instantly." Both statements support the meaning of "Bi Syndrome" (Closure Syndrome). Treatment of Bi requires opening: herbs such as Styrax Resin (Suhe Xiang), Rhinoceros Horn (Xijiao), Toad Venom (Chansu), and Musk (Xi Huang) have the efficacy of exciting the brain and unblocking closure and stagnation, among which Musk is the chief herb for opening orifices, penetrating collaterals, strengthening the brain, and fortifying the heart. Formulas such as Suhe Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) and Zhibao Dan (Treasure Treasure Pill) are excellent prescriptions for treating Bi syndrome.

Yu Jiayan said: The Yin and Yang of human life naturally embrace each other without separation. Therefore, if Yang Qi desires to escape upward, Yin Qi must draw downward to retain it; if Yin Qi desires to escape downward, Yang Qi must draw upward to retain it. When people fall ill, Yin and Yang become biased toward excess. When this bias reaches its extreme, collapse occurs. However, collapse has upper and lower distinctions: Upper collapse presents with a light body and profuse sweating, hallucinations of seeing and hearing, as if possessed by spirits; Lower collapse presents with a heavy body and bluish-purple skin color, inability to hear or see, resembling deafness and dumbness. Furthermore, Yang nature tends upward, so excessive sweating leads to loss of Yang; Yin nature tends downward, so excessive diarrhea leads to loss of Yin. Therefore, in restoring Yang, one must assist with Yin herbs (such as using large doses of White Peony Root in Zhenwu Tang, the rationale being clear); within nourishing Yin, one must attend to Yang Qi (as seen in the rationale of Shengmai San). One must ensure that Yang is anchored and Yin is consolidated, avoiding any risk of imbalance. As for Internal Closure and External Collapse syndrome, it arises from the blockage of Zang-Fu organs and is not entirely related to the deficiency collapse of Yuan Qi. The causes and treatments leading to collapse are listed below in four examples.

(A) Example of Major Deficiency and Impending Collapse after Sweating, Purging, Cooling, and Eliminating Methods
[Etiology] 1. Excessive or mistaken sweating leading to continuous spontaneous sweating, risking the loss of Yang Qi and collapse. 2. Excessive purgation leading to continuous diarrhea, resulting in Yin collapse. 3. Overuse of cold medicines damaging the intestines and stomach, weakening the Mingmen Fire, reducing appetite, and causing diarrhea, giving rise to Spleen Yang sinking collapse.
[Symptoms] 1. Qi collapse due to mistaken sweating: Continuous spontaneous sweating, cold limbs, pale complexion, shortness of breath and rapid respiration, free urination and defecation, lethargic and confused consciousness, drowsy but not asleep, unresponsive to calling. 2. Yin collapse due to reckless purging: Restlessness and oppression in the chest, inability to lie still, continuous diarrhea, lethargic consciousness, cold limbs and faint breathing, interrupted speech, resembling idiocy or confusion, pale and dull tongue lacking spirit. 3. Spleen Yang sinking collapse due to excessive cooling medicine: Aversion to food, diarrhea with undigested food, or passage of pus and blood, or persistent watery diarrhea, cold limbs, pale complexion, pale red tongue lacking spirit, sweating upon movement, talking alone as if seeing ghosts, trembling voice and weakness, preference for lying facing inward, drowsy but not asleep, unresponsive to calling. All three conditions belong to the signs of major deficiency and impending collapse.
[Pulse] 1. In Qi collapse, the pulse must be deep, fine, weak, and soft. 2. In Yin collapse and Spleen Yang collapse, the pulse must be deep and hidden, or weak and forceless. If the pulse appears full and vigorous in both Yin and Yang positions but lacks root upon heavy pressing, accompanied by profuse sweating, this indicates that Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) has collapsed, and death will occur shortly. A pulse that alternates between slow and rapid indicates Spleen failure; scattered Yin and Yang also lead to death. In cases of major deficiency and impending collapse, if the pulse is floating and surging, sweat is like oil, panting does not cease, fluids cannot be taken in, the body feels numb, and there is alternating quietness and agitation, this indicates that the Qi of all five Zang organs has collapsed and the root of life is severed. However, knowing which Zang fails first: If hair is wet with sweat and panting does not cease, this is Lung failure first; if Yang remains alone while the body looks like smoke-stained, with fixed gaze and head shaking, this is Heart failure; if lips and corners of the mouth turn blue and limbs experience severe spasms, this is Liver failure; if the area around the mouth is dark black and sweat is yellowish, this is Spleen failure; if urine and stool are incontinent, with delirious speech and fixed gaze, this is Kidney failure.
[Treatment] 1. Qi collapse due to mistaken sweating: For those with continuous spontaneous sweating due to excessive or mistaken sweating, use Lu's Guizhi Shen Decoction (Cinnamon Twig, Pseudostellaria Root, Astragalus Root, White Peony Root, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome each 2 qian, Tangerine Peel 0.8 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root 0.5 qian, Fleeceflower Seed 5 qian, Ephedra Root 3 qian vinegar-fried). If it continues and approaches Yang collapse, use Guhan Pingfeng San (Sweat-Stopping Windscreen Powder) (Astragalus Root, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Saposhnikovia Root, Calcined Oyster Shell each 3 qian, Fleeceflower Seed 5 qian, Ephedra Root 4 qian vinegar-fried, Schisandra Berry 1 qian). For Yang deficiency with spontaneous sweating and a deep, fine pulse, use Huiyang Zhengqi Yin (Restore Yang Upright Qi Decoction) (Ginseng, Aconite Root each 1 qian, Astragalus Root 3 qian, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Angelica Sinensis, Ziziphus Seed each 2 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root 0.5 qian, Ephedra Root 2 qian vinegar-fried). 2. Yin collapse due to reckless purging: For Shanghan or warm diseases where excessive purgation damages the Spleen and Stomach, causing restlessness in the chest, inability to lie still, and continuous diarrhea, use Juxian Shen Jian (Lift Sinking Ginseng Decoction) (Codonopsis Root, Astragalus Root each 2 qian, Stir-fried Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Poria, Tangerine Peel, Bupleurum Root, Cimicifuga Rhizome each 1 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root 0.5 qian, Alisma Rhizome 2 qian, Ginger and Jujube as guides, Hearth Earth as guide). 3. Excessive cold and cool agents damaging Spleen and Stomach, causing diarrhea with undigested food, pus and blood, or persistent watery diarrhea, use Guxia Renshen Jian (Secure Lowering Ginseng Decoction) (Codonopsis Root, Stir-fried Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Aconite Root, Calcined Dragon Bone, Myristica Seed Frost each 1.5 qian, Chebula Fruit, Fried Ginger, Costus Root each 1 qian, Old Rice and Jujube as guides).

[Comment by Xu Rongzhai] Regarding Yang deficiency and impending collapse due to excessive sweating in Shanghan, there is an experimental case by Yuan Guisheng from Zhenjiang for reference. The patient, Luo Dasan, had inherent Yang deficiency, contracted external cold, suffered from headache and aversion to cold, loss of taste, small and slippery pulse, and slippery white tongue coating. The initial diagnosis prescribed Congchi Erchen Tang (Scallion and Soybean Decoction plus Two-Chen Formula) with Jingjie and Perilla Leaf for dispersal. After taking it, he suddenly developed wheezing unable to lie down, sensation of hot rising in the head, pain in the lower left abdomen, vomiting of phlegm-water, and cold fingers. The pulse was deep and weak. He was then given Lizhong Tang combined with Liujunzi Tang modified (Korean Ginseng 1 qian, Stir-fried Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome 2 qian, Fried Ginger 1 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root 0.8 qian, Poria 3 qian, Ginger-processed Pinellia Tuber 2 qian, Tangerine Peel 1 qian, Cinnamon Bark 0.8 qian, White Peony Root 3 qian, Schisandra Berry 0.6 qian). After taking it, wheezing and vomiting ceased, and abdominal pain stopped. However, he still felt cold and had cold hands, so he took Lizhong Tang with Ginger and Pinellia for two doses. Later, he recovered after half a month of conditioning with Liujunzi Tang and Zisheng Wan (Excerpted from *National Famous Doctors' Verified Cases*). Mr. Lianchen had a preventive medical experience for such syndromes. He said: "When treating Shanghan requiring surface-releasing methods, one must observe whether the person's original Qi and Yin-Yang are intact before using them directly. If true Yang is inherently deficient, usually feeling cold and preferring warmth, accustomed to acrid-warm herbs, and having loose stools; this is called 'Yin Organ Constitution.' It is appropriate to add Aconite Root, Fried Ginger, Astragalus Root, and Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome to the surface-releasing herbs to assist Yang and defend the exterior, thereby avoiding the drawback of floating Yang escaping outward." This preventative diagnostic and treatment method, along with the case described above, offers great inspiration to us. Ancient medical literature also contains similar examples; two are excerpted here for reference. "Hua Bo Ren treated a person who, in July, had fever. After taking Xiao Chaihu Tang too much, he had severe aversion to cold and muscle twitching. Hua diagnosed a pulse fine and nearly absent. He said: 'This is due to excessive ascending and releasing, causing profuse sweating and loss of Yang, extreme exterior deficiency leading to severe aversion to cold; muscle twitching indicates extreme interior deficiency and Yang failing to return.' He administered Zhenwu Tang for seven or eight doses, and he recovered." "Wu Shou treated a person with Shanghan for over ten days, who had sweated excessively two or three times, subsequently developing muscle twitching, body tremors, and tendon spasms; this is because excessive sweating caused both Qi and Blood deficiency. He gave Modified Ginseng Yangrong Tang, and he recovered in two doses." These two cases, one due to excessive Xiao Chaihu Tang leading to Kidney Yang floating outward, and the other due to excessive sweating leading to Qi and Blood deficiency, were both saved from critical danger through emergency measures. However, Xu Xueshi had a predictive treatment case for patients with issues regarding sweating: "A villager named Qiu Sheng had Shanghan, with fever, headache, irritability, and thirst. Although his pulse was floating and rapid, it was forceless, and slow and weak below the chi position. Xu said: 'Although this resembles Ma Huang syndrome, the slow and weak chi position indicates insufficient Ying Qi. Zhongjing said: If the chi pulse is slow, Ying Qi is insufficient, and sweating should not be induced.' He used Jianzhong Tang added with Danggui and Astragalus Root. By the fifth day, the chi position responded. Then he administered two doses of Ma Huang Tang. The patient became manic for a moment, then settled slightly and slept, and finally sweated." This is a valuable experience in diagnostics. If pulse diagnosis is neglected and sweating is induced blindly, inevitable pathological changes will certainly result. I believe that to deeply understand the application rules of sweating, purging, cooling, and eliminating methods, one should read and ponder Cheng Zhongling's *Yimen Bafa* (Eight Methods of the Medical Gate) carefully.

(B) Example of Evil Sinking, Righteous Deficiency, Internal Closure, and External Collapse
[Etiology] After Shanghan or warm diseases have undergone sweating, purging, cooling, and penetrating methods, the interior Qi, Blood, and Spirit are damaged. The person progresses from fatigue to gradual drowsiness, and from drowsiness to gradual coma, indicating major deficiency and impending collapse, and the sign of evil heat sinking inward taking advantage of the deficiency.
[Symptoms] Red, dry tongue with prickles, inability to extend the tongue forcefully, delirium and confusion, or silence resembling a corpse, shortness of breath and rapid respiration, cold hands and feet, restlessness and inability to lie down, spontaneous cold sweat, throwing hands and feet about, constipation. In men, retraction of the testes; in women, retraction of the breasts. Ye Tianshi said: "If one normally has Heart deficiency with Phlegm, once external heat sinks inward, the interior collaterals close immediately, leading to fainting and convulsions. If one does not urgently open the closure, or opens it improperly, it will inevitably cause the Heart Qi and Lung Qi to fail to connect smoothly, resulting in cold sweaty skin, restlessness and inability to lie down, and a fine, rapid pulse, which constitutes Qi collapse."
[Pulse] In Internal Closure and External Collapse, the pulse is fine and rapid, or deep, fine, and rapid.
[Treatment] The emergency method is to first open the internal closure and secure the external collapse. Use Ye's Modified Fumai Tang removing Coix Seed and Loquat Leaf, adding Tangerine Peel and Schisandra Berry (Honey-fried Licorice Root and Bird's Nest each 1 qian, True Donkey-hide Gelatin 1.5 qian, Fresh Rehmannia Root 4 qian, Ophiopogon Tuber 3 qian, Jilin Ginseng 0.5 qian, North Glehnia Root 3 qian, Astragalus Root 1.5 qian, Schisandra Berry 0.5 qian, South Jujube 2 pieces). Mix in Wang's Niuhuang Qingxin Wan (Calculus Bovis Clearing Heart Pill) or Shenxi Dan can also be considered.

[Comment by Xu Rongzhai] Yu cited Ye Tianshi's theory: "If one normally has Heart deficiency with Phlegm, once external heat sinks inward, the interior collaterals close immediately." According to the experience of Xu Xiaocen from Yuyang, the symptoms at this stage should be treated by "urgently clearing collateral heat to open the closure." Herbs used: "Rhinoceros Horn, Antelope Horn, Halloysitum Rubrum, True Eretmochelys Carapax, Processed Arisaema Cum Bile, Fresh Rehmannia Root, Scrophularia Root, Forsythia Fruit, Moutan Cortex, Raw Polygala Root, Fritillaria Bulb, Charred Gardenia Fruit, one pill of Qingxin Niuhuang Wan." At the stage of "cold sweaty skin, restlessness and inability to lie down, fine and rapid pulse, constituting Qi collapse," Xu Xiaocen considers it "Yang Collapse Syndrome," using herbs: "True Taishan Ginseng, North Schisandra, Ophiopogon Tuber, Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, Astragalus Root, Prepared Rehmannia Root, Prepared Aconite Root, Cinnamon Bark, Honey-fried Licorice Root, Calcined Dragon Bone, Oyster Shell." (See Chen Genru's *Jianzheng on Warmth Theory*) Appended here to address the critical changes of "Evil Sinking, Righteous Deficiency, Internal Closure, and External Collapse" in clinical practice.

(C) Example of Deep Heat, Yang Depression, External Closure, and Internal Collapse
[Etiology] Most Shanghan and warm diseases present with concurrent wind and cold. If wind and cold are not first dispelled to release the exterior, and bitter-cold descending herbs are used early, the exterior remains unresolved, and the pathogen sinks inward instead. External closure refers to pathogen binding and Yang depression; internal collapse refers to Yang excess and Yin exhaustion.
[Symptoms] Red eyes, or red veins visible in the whites of the eyes, dry nose, red and dry lips, deafness, irritability, thirst preferring cold drinks, yellow-black dry tongue coating, yellow-red painful urination, yellow-black sticky stool, or loose stool extremely foul-smelling, or passage of fresh blood, burning pain in the anus during defecation, intense heat from chest to lower abdomen, burning to touch, yet the body surface does not feel hot, or heat is slight, aversion to cold, no sweat, desire to wrap in blankets and face fire, even to the point of cold limbs and bluish-purple nails.
[Pulse] Floating, deficient, and rapid; heavy pressing reveals soggy, rapid, and forceless pulse.
[Treatment] First, use light and ascending herbs to release the exterior and resolve external closure. Such as Shao's Reyu Tang (Heat Stagnation Decoction) (Mint 1 qian, Green Forsythia Fruit, Trichosanthes Peel, Green Scutellaria Root, Green Artemisia Annua Head each 1.5 qian, Charred Gardenia Fruit, Curcuma Aromatica Rhizome each 3 qian, Platycodon Root 1 qian, Raw Licorice Root 0.6 qian, Fresh Bamboo Leaves 30 pieces.) Wuye Lugeng Tang (Five Leaves and Reed Root Decoction) (Agastache Leaf, Mint Leaf, Pogostemon Leaf, Lotus Leaf each 1.5 qian, decoct first with Loquat Leaf 1 liang, Living Reed Root 1.2 liang, Fresh Winter Melon 2 liang, use the decoction as water.) Such formulas. To save the interior and prevent internal collapse by withdrawing heat and preserving Yin, use Miao's Zhuye Shigao Tang (Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction) (Raw Gypsum 5 qian, Mint, Schizonepeta, Cicada Slough, Stir-fried Arctii Fructus, Raw Kudzu Root, Anemarrhena Rhizome, Ophiopogon Tuber each 1.5 qian, Raw Licorice Root 1 qian, Scrophularia Root 2 qian, Fresh Tamarix Branch 5 qian, Bamboo Leaves 30 pieces, Rice grain a pinch. For warm toxins, rashes, heat congested in the Lungs, reverse transmission to the Pericardium, panting, cough, oppression, agitation, mania, and hyperactivity, this formula is essential.) Modified Zhuye Shigao Tang (American Ginseng 1 qian, Raw Gypsum 5 qian, Raw Licorice Root 0.8 qian, Ophiopogon Tuber 1.5 qian, Immature Pinellia Tuber 1 qian, Green Sugarcane Juice 3 qian, Ginger Juice 2 drops, Light Bamboo Leaves 30 pieces, Fresh Imperata Rhizome 1 liang, Fresh Rice Ear 3 branches.) All can be considered for efficacy. One formula treats both, resolving both exterior and interior. Such as Waitai Sanhuang Shigao Tang (External Classic Three-Yellow Gypsum Decoction) (Ephedra 0.6 fen, Fermented Soybean 3 qian, Small Coptis Rhizome, Raw Gardenia Fruit, Raw Phellodendron Bark each 1 qian, Green Scutellaria Root 2 qian, Raw Gypsum 5 qian.) If there is great heat in the exterior, interior, and Triple Burner, vexing heat in the five centers, eyes like fire, dry nose and red face, yellow tongue and scorched lips, body looking like painted vermilion, dry thirst craving drink, delirium and confusion, use Yang's Zengsun Sanhuang Shigao Tang (Increased and Reduced Three-Yellow Gypsum Decoction) (Stiff Silkworm 3 qian, Cicada Slough 10 pieces, Mint 2 qian, Anemarrhena Rhizome 2 qian, Raw Gypsum 5 qian, Small Coptis Rhizome, Raw Gardenia Fruit, Raw Phellodendron Bark each 1 qian, Green Scutellaria Root 2 qian.) If heat stagnates in the interstices and can be dispersed internally and externally, but there is chest and abdominal fullness, pain with refusal to press, and constipation, consider purging cautiously.

[Comment by Xu Rongzhai] The terms "Internal Closure and External Collapse" and "External Closure and Internal Collapse" in sections (B) and (C) represent the limit of the struggle between pathogenic factors and righteous Qi. Since the sensory and motor nerves are obscured by evil heat and lose their vital functions, the body's resistance gradually declines, creating a sharp struggle state where "evil and right cannot coexist." The result is a mutual escape outward—Internal Closure and External Collapse. On the other hand: Evil heat congests the exterior, while righteous Qi exhausts in the interior. If the exterior cannot be resolved by sweating, the virus invades inward, turning into a state of Yang excess and Yin exhaustion. So-called "evil not reaching and right already depleted," forcing it to sink inward and collapse together—External Closure and Internal Collapse. Generally speaking, although closure is due to excess evil, the sudden trend toward collapse should be closely monitored.

(D) Example of True Yin Exhaustion Below and Deficient Yang Escaping Above
[Etiology] In individuals with Yin deficiency, contracting Shanghan or warm diseases, and mistakenly using excessive acrid-dry sweating and purging drugs, lingering for a long time, leads to extreme deficiency of True Yin below. This causes rootless Fire to suddenly flare up, Qi congestion, Phlegm rising, obscuring the clear orifices, suddenly leading to convulsions and fainting. This belongs to the depletion of Primordial Yin and discontinuation of True Qi. If the cold extremities do not recover, life is lost.
[Symptoms] Short red tongue, blue face, eyes closed and mouth open, hands not clenched, hoarse voice and rapid breathing, even to the point of profuse cold sweat, inverted cold hands and feet, involuntary urination and defecation, faint breath and pulse, constituting the collapse syndrome of Dragon and Thunder violent movement. If accompanied by deficiency-cold, the face and lips are mostly pale and lusterless, even bluish-dark, definitely not red and moist. There are also cases of cold limbs but red cheeks alone, constituting the Daiyang syndrome (Floating Yang) of deficient Fire flaming upward, requiring warming and tonification.
[Pulse] When Primordial Qi is declining and Dragon and Thunder are violently moving towards collapse, the pulse must be deep and hidden, or weak and spiritless, or imperceptible.
[Treatment] Urgently solidify and support Yuan Qi, astringe Yin and benefit fluids, grasp True Yin, and anchor floating Deficient Yang. Use Longmu Fumai Tang (Dragon and Oyster Restore Pulse Decoction) (Jilin Ginseng 1 qian, Aged Donkey-hide Gelatin 1.5 qian, Chicken Egg Yolk wrapped and decocted 1 piece, Raw Tortoise Plastron and Raw Oyster Shell each 8 qian, Calcined Dragon Bone 2 qian, Raw Turtle Plastron 4 qian, True Eretmochelys Carapax 1.5 qian, Raw White Peony Root 3 qian, Ophiopogon Tuber 3 qian, Large Fresh Rehmannia Root 4 qian, Honey-fried Licorice Root 1.5 qian, Large Kappaqi [Fetal Membrane] washed with wine 1 strip, Water 2 bowls, decoct to half a bowl and take.) If there are cold limbs, hidden pulse, spontaneous head sweat, and sweat like oil, then Yin perishes and Yang follows. Replace Jilin Ginseng with Korean Ginseng 2 qian, add Pale Aconite Slice 1.5 qian. If Phlegm blocks the throat, wanting to vomit but with no strength, and medicine cannot go down, first use Zhen Houzao Mo (True Monkey Date Powder) 0.4 fen, decoct Fresh Acorus Rhizome Soup, take first to temporarily calm the rebellious Phlegm. Continue taking medicine, then use He Xi Dan (Black Tin Pill) from Ju Fang 3 qian, decoct and take, to anchor floating Yang and warm-nourish the Lower Origin. If Phlegm and saliva open, consciousness returns, and Qi resumes, then Yin-nourishing, Yang-anchoring, Yuan-solidifying, and grasping medicines should be continued urgently without interruption. Vital Qi will gradually return, form and spirit will gradually revive, and consciousness will become clear, though fatigue and desire to sleep remain. Especially in this case, large doses of the previous prescription must be administered to solidify the foundation and support righteous Qi. If it is indeed a Bi syndrome (closure) of hot Phlegm surging upward, this formula must absolutely not be used, as it will instead obstruct Phlegm and saliva in the throat, hastening death.

[Comment by Xiu] The *Neijing* states: "When Yin is balanced and Yang is secret, Spirit is governed. When Yin and Yang separate and decide, Essence and Qi perish." When Essence and Qi perish, Primordial Yuan collapses. However, before collapse, there must be manifestations. The *Classic* again states: "Essence collapse causes deafness, use Guilu Erxian Jiao (Tortoise and Deer Two-Immortal Glue)." "Qi collapse causes unclear vision, use Shengmai San combined with Baoyuan Tang." "Fluid collapse causes pores to open and profuse sweating, use Renshen Guben Tang combined with Shengmai San." "Liquid collapse causes difficulty in bending and extending bones, sallow complexion, diminished brain marrow, sore shins, and frequent tinnitus, use Baoyin Jian, Banlong Wan, etc." "Blood collapse causes pale color, sallow and lusterless appearance, empty pulse, use Guipi Tang, Renshen Yangrong Tang, etc." The *Nanjing* further states: "Those with Yang collapse see..."