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The method of tonifying the heart is exemplified by Maidong Yangrong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction for Nourishing the Spirit). [Ingredients: Radix Codonopsis Pilosae (Lupangshen), Fructus Ophiopogonis (Maidong), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis (Shengbaishaoyao) each 3 qian, Rhizoma Anemarrhenae Asphodeloidis (Baizhimu) 2 qian, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis (Beiwuweizi) 20 grains, Salinum (Qingyan), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chenpi) 8 fen, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Qingzhigancao) 6 fen, Fructus Jujubae (Dazao) 3 pieces.] Shitwei Buxin Tang (Ten-Ingredient Heart-Tonifying Decoction). [Ingredients: Poria Cocos (Chenfushen) 8 qian, Radix Codonopsis Pilosae (Lupangshen), Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shengshudi) and Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Renshu) each 3 qian, Fructus Ophiopogonis (Maidong), Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Praefritum (Chaozaoren), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen) each 2 qian, Rhizoma Cyperi Rotundi Processed (Zhi xiangfu) 1.5 qian, Radix Polygalae (Yuanzhi) 8 fen, Arillus Longan (Longyanrou) 5 arils.] Qiongyu Gao (Jade Dew Paste). [Ingredients: Juice from fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdi) 1 jin, Pure White Honey (Jingbaimi) 1 jin, Radix Panacis Quinquefolii (Xiyangshen) 8 liang, Poria Cocos (Yunling) 12 liang. First, place the fresh dioscorea juice and white honey in a porcelain bottle. Then, powder the ginseng and poria, mix evenly, place in water, boil for three days and nights, hang in a well overnight, take out, and dissolve one liang in warm water to take.] Baxian Yuye (Eight Immortals Jade Liquid). [Ingredients: Juice from fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdizhi) and juice from Rhizoma Nelumbinis (Ou zhi) each 2 cups, juice from Pyrus bretschneideri (Lizhi), juice from Saccharum officinarum (Zheshi), and human milk (Renru) each 1 cup. First, decoct two egg whites, 100 branches of fresh Herba Imperatae (Xianmaogen), and 7 arils of longan meat (Longyanrou) to obtain 2 cups of concentrated juice. Mix with the previous four juices and human milk, stew in warm water over a double boiler, and take warm.] Lei Gong Bu Xin Dan (Heavenly King's Heart-Tonifying Pill) and similar formulas. [Ingredients: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shudi) 5 qian, Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen), Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shengdi), Radix Ophiopogonis (Tianmai), Fructus Ophiopogonis (Maiwei), Radix Scrophulariae (Yuanshen), Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Praefritum (Chaozaoren), Semen Biocae (Baiziren), Poria Cocos (Mufushen), Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Danshen) each 3 qian, Radix Polygalae (Yuanzhi), Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi), Radix Platycodonis (Jiegeng) each 1 qian. Make pills with pure honey, take 3 qian per dose.]

The method of tonifying the spleen is exemplified by Jiawei Guipi Tang (Modified Return-to-the-Spleen Decoction). [Ingredients: Radix Codonopsis Pilosae (Lupangshen), Radix Astragali Praeparata (Zhihuangqi), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Shengshuzhu), Poria Cocos (Fushen), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen) each 3 qian, Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (Zao ren), Radix Polygalae (Yuanzhi) each 2 qian, Corium Asini Collae (Ejiao), Fructus Gardeniae Praecox (Jiaoshanzhi), Cortex Moutan (Danpi) each 1 qian, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Qingzhigancao), Fructus Amomi (Guangmuxiang) each 5 fen, Arillus Longan (Longyanrou) 5 pieces.] Yangzhen Tang (Nourishing Truth Decoction). [Ingredients: Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen), Radix Astragali (Huangqi), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Fructus Ophiopogonis (Maidong) each 1.5 qian, Poria Cocos (Yunling), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyao), Semen Nelumbinis (Lianzi), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao) each 3 qian, Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi), Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhi gancao) each 5 fen.] Shenyan Yigong Jian (Ginseng and Swallow Nest Yi Gong Decoction). [Ingredients: Radix Ginseng (Jilinsen), Swallow Nest strips (Guangyantiao) each 1 qian, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Shengyuzhu), Poria Cocos (Yunling) each 1.5 qian, Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride (Guangju bai) 6 fen, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Qingzhigancao) 4 fen.] Buyin Yiqi Jian (Tonify Yin and Replenish Qi Decoction) and similar formulas.

The method of tonifying the liver is exemplified by Digupi Yin (Cortex Lycii Decoction). [Ingredients: Cortex Lycii (Digupi), Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shengdi), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao) each 3 qian, Cortex Moutan (Danpi), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen) each 1.5 qian, Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong) 6 fen.] Tang Shi Bugan Jisheng Tang (Mr. Tang’s Liver-Tonifying Parasitic Decoction). [Ingredients: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shengdi), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Guishen), Fructus Corni (Yurou), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Huai shanyao), Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Praefritum (Chaozaoren), Ramulus Taxilli (Sangjisheng) each 3 qian, Fructus Chaenomelis (Mugua) 1 qian, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu) 5 fen, Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong) 6 fen, Fructus Schisandrae (Bei wuweizi) 20 grains.] Sanjia Fumai Tang (Three-Shells Pulse-Recovering Decoction). [This is Fumai Tang minus Sesamum Indicum (Maren), Zingiberis Recens (Jiang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Gui), plus Ossis Draconis Calcitratum (Hualonggu) 3 qian, Concha Ostreae Sinensis (Zuo muli), Testudo Plastrum et Carapax (Sheng guijia xin) each 4 qian.] Qingzao Yangying Tang (Clear Dryness and Nourish Ying Decoction). Siwu Jiangfu Tang and similar formulas.

The method of tonifying the kidney is exemplified by Zhang Shi Zuogui Yin (Mr. Zhang’s Left-Restoring Decoction). [Ingredients: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shudi) 6 qian, Poria Cocos (Fuling), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyao), Fructus Lycii (Ganqizi), Fructus Corni (Shanyurou) each 3 qian, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Yanshui chao gancao) 6 fen.] Liuwei Dihuang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). [This is Zuogui Yin minus Gouqi and Gancao, plus Cortex Moutan (Danpi) and Alisma Orientale (Zexie) each 1 qian. If treating Minister Fire, add Radix Scrophulariae (Yuanshen) and Fructus Lycii (Gouqi) to benefit Lung Qi, add Radix Ginseng (Renshen), Fructus Ophiopogonis (Maidong), and Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi); if fire is severe, add Cortex Phellodendri (Chuanbai) and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Zhimu).] Danxi Dabu Yin Wan (Danxi’s Great Tonifying Yin Pill). [Ingredients: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shudi) 8 liang, Cortex Phellodendri (Chuanbai), Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Zhimu) each 3 liang, Testudo Plastrum et Carapax (Zhiguiban) 4 liang, Medulla Porci (Zhui jingsui) 4 strips. Make pills with honey, take 3-4 qian per dose, wash down with light salt water.] Gu Bai Dihuang Tang (Turtle-Bark Rehmannia Decoction). Kanqi Qianlong Tang. Ziren Yiyin Jian and similar formulas. These four methods are the general principles for treating blood disorders.

Generally speaking, external contraction of wind-cold transforming into hemoptysis is very common. Neglect or mis-treatment often leads to Feilao (Pulmonary Tuberculosis). If bleeding occurs in spring, summer, or autumn due to contracting warm-heat or summer-heat pathogens, it must be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, restlessness, and inability to lie down. This is caused by pathogenic heat disturbing the Ying level and forcing blood to flow recklessly. Treatment should focus on clearing pathogenic heat from the Ying level. Use Xidi Qingluo Yin (Rhino-Corn and Rehmannia Clearing Collateral Decoction) minus Persicae Semen (Taoren), replacing Ginger Juice (Jiang zhi) and Catotylis Juice (Pu zhi) with Lotus Root Juice (Ou zhi) and Curcuma Aromatica Juice (Guang yujin zhi). For mild cases, use Lingjiao Qingying Tang (Antelope Horn Clearing Ying Decoction) [Ingredients: Antelope Horn slice (Lingjiao pian) 1 qian, Fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdi) 6 qian, Fructus Gardeniae Praecox (Jiaoshanzhi), Flos Lonicerae (Yinhua), Flos Forsythiae (Qinglianqiao), Plantago asiatica (Xuejianchou) each 3 qian, Raw Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Shengpuhuang) 1.5 qian, Urine of a healthy child (Tongbian) 1 cup mixed in]. If after bleeding the fever subsides and the body becomes cool, and the spirit is clear and quiet, the pathogenic heat has gone. Carefully examine that there are no other diseases or causes; simply take fresh lotus root juice or urine of a healthy child, one to two cups daily, to nourish Yin. There is no need for exhaustive treatment. Alternatively, take Yulu Yin (Jade Dew Drink) [Ingredients: One large white radish, cut off the top, hollow it out, fill with white sugar, cover tightly, tie with thread, take three bowls of dew from fresh rice leaves, boil until very soft, filter through gauze, leave exposed overnight, stew warm, take on an empty stomach]. It effectively treats vomiting blood due to pathogenic heat damaging the Ying level of the Lung and Stomach, and also treats chronic hemoptysis and bleeding due to excessive smoking and alcohol, showing consistent efficacy.

Other cases involve excessive consumption of rich and sweet foods, leading to damp-heat accumulation in the Lung and Stomach, steaming phlegm and moving blood; or unregulated smoking and alcohol damaging clear Qi, resulting in frequent coughing and vomiting, intermittent blood in sputum, hematochezia, or hematuria. The Qi mechanism of the Middle and Upper Jiao should be cleared and purified. The main formula is Wanbei Maogen Tang (Aster and Fritillaria and Imperata Decoction) [Ingredients: Radix Asteris Tatarici (Zuan) 5 qian, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii (Chuanbei) 4 qian, fresh Herba Imperatae (Xianmaogen) 1 liang, Cortex Mori Radicis (Sheng sangpi), Semen Coicis (Shengyiren), Polyporus (Chiling) each 3 qian, Radix Scutellariae (Qingzihen), Pinellia Ternata Processed with Ginger Juice (Zhuli banxia) each 1.5 qian]. Abstain from meat and alcohol, and gradual recovery will occur.

If there is a history of sprains or trauma, there will inevitably be fixed pain in the chest, diaphragm, hypochondrium, or ribs. When pathogenic heat attacks internally, stirring up old blood stasis, if blood stasis is expelled from above or below, this is the body's mechanism to eliminate the old disease. Do not use astringents to stop bleeding. If expulsion is incomplete and body ache persists, it indicates that collateral blood stasis has not been fully resolved; blood-invigorating and collateral-nourishing herbs are still needed, such as Raw Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Sheng puhuang), Fresh Lotus Leaf (Sheng hey e), Honey-fried Corydalis Yanhusuo (Mi zhi yan hu), and Fresh Lotus Root Juice (Sheng ou zhi). Add these to formulas that scatter pathogens and clear heat to remove old stasis. Once old stasis is clean, bleeding stops, and the chest feels free of oppression, the condition will resolve. If there is irritability, restlessness, stabbing pain, or distension, blood stasis remains inside. Drink a large bowl of raw radish juice to induce vomiting and clear it out, or take 5 fen of Qili San (Seven-Centigram Powder) mixed with boiled water, twice daily, to transform and disperse it. Otherwise, the condition will drag on, blood stasis will not go, new blood will not stay, and bleeding will persist despite all treatments, potentially leading to Laozai (Consumption) or various internal and external abscesses.

If bleeding results from long-distance travel or heavy lifting, damaging Qi and causing Qi rebellion upwards, leading to chest and hypochondriac fullness and pain, even painful breathing, and coughing with blood, this is labor-induced Qi injury. Use the method of "scattering what is knotted." Initially use Jiangqi Hueluo Yin (Descend Qi and Harmonize Collaterals Decoction) [Ingredients: Pericarpium Trichosanthis (Gualou pi), Sweet Almond (Tian xingren), Radix Asteris Tatarici (Ziwan), Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii (Chuanbei) each 3 qian, Folium Eriobotryae (Pipaye) de-haired and cleaned 1 liang, Radix Notoginseng (Shudan shen), Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae (Sheng huai niuxi) each 3 qian, Radix Notoginseng Juice (Shen sanqi zhi), Curcuma Aromatica Juice (Guang yujin zhi) each 4 spoons, Fresh Lotus Root Juice (Sheng ou zhi) 2 ladles, mix evenly and take together]. Gently descend and moisten with acrid flavors to diffuse and transform. Subsequently use Ou zhi Mu'er Jian (Lotus Root and Wood Ear Decoction) [Ingredients: Fresh Lotus Root Juice (Sheng ou zhi) 1 cup, mixed with Urine of a healthy child (Tongbian) 1 cup, Wine (Jiu) half a cup, Wood Ear Mushroom (Mu'er) washed clean of sand, baked crisp on tile, powdered to 3 qian (white ones are better, but use only 1 qian), take three times daily, cured in a few days]. This harmonizes blood and calms collaterals to eradicate the root.

Only when external warm-heat is combined with internal anger, where anger causes Qi rebellion and blood overflows from above causing massive vomiting, will there be symptoms of hot pain in the chest and hypochondrium, dry mouth, irritability, red and hot urination and defecation, and restless limbs. Use Longdan Xiegan Tang (Gardenia and Gentian Decoction to Drain the Liver) minus Chaihu, Danggui, Cheqianzi, and Zexie. Add Vinegar-fried Coptidis Rhizoma (Cu chao chuanlian), Curcuma Aromatica (Guang yujin), Fructus Toosendan (Chuanlianzi), and Haematitum (Daizheshi) etc., to clear Liver fire and stop bleeding. If bleeding continues heavily but spirit, voice, and daily activities remain normal, with red lips and tongue, it is still heat forcing blood outflow. Use Sanhuang Xijiao Tang (Three-Yellow Rhino-Horn Decoction) [Ingredients: Raw Rheum Palmatum (Sheng chuanjun), Radix Scutellariae (Qingzihen), Cortex Moutan (Fen danpi) each 2 qian, vinegar-fried blackened; Fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdi) 1 liang, Raw Red and White Paeonia Roots (Sheng chi baishao) each 3 qian, Black Rhino Horn (Hei xijiao), Salt-water fried Coptidis Rhizoma (Yanshui chao chuanlian) each 8 fen, Bamboo Shavings (Danzhuru) 5 qian]. Use a large dose to drain and descend. Externally, have the patient sit with feet immersed in a basin of clear salt brine.

If bleeding is slight but accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, lower back soreness, and leg weakness, it indicates Kidney Yin deficiency and unconstrained Liver Yang. Take more Ejiao Jizihuang Tang (Donkey-hide Gelatin and Egg Yolk Decoction) and Guiban Dihuang Tang (Turtle Shell and Rehmannia Decoction) to nourish Yin and subdue Yang for follow-up care.

Fourth complication: Dental Bleeding. Blood flows from the gums, also known as Yaxuan. Severe cases may fill bowls or basins, flowing out like threads. Symptoms include fever, thirst, swollen gums, red urine, and constipation, indicating excess fire in the Stomach. Treat with salty and bitter descending methods. Use Xilian Chengqi Tang (Rhino-Horn and Coptitis Da Huang Decoction) plus Lotus Root Node (Oujie) and Urine of a healthy child (Tongbian). For mild cases with unobstructed bowel movements, cooling purgatives are not needed; use clearing resolution methods instead. Use Xidi Qingluo Yin minus Taoren, Jiang zhi, and Pu zhi, adding Ou zhi and Tongbian. If the pulse is fine and rapid, tongue is glossy and crimson, with mouth ulcers and gum erosion, it is deficient fire in the Stomach. Clear heat and nourish Yin simultaneously. Use Xinjia Yvnu Jian (Newly Added Woman's Decoction) minus Shiy ing and Ci shi, adding Radix Drynariae (Gusuibu) and Black Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Hei puhuang). Externally rinse with cold vinegar water and apply Shihui San (Ten Ashes Powder). Internal and external treatment works faster.

Fifth complication: Hematochezia. The Jingui Yaolue distinguishes between distant and proximal bleeding. Defecation before bleeding is distant bleeding, belonging to Cold-Dampness of the Small Intestine. Bleeding before defecation is proximal bleeding, belonging to Damp-Heat of the Large Intestine. For cold-dampness, use Huangtu Tang (Yellow Earth Decoction) [Ingredients: Scorched Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Jiaozhu), Charred Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shuditan) each 3 qian, Charred Radix Scutellariae (Tiaohuotan), Charred Donkey-hide Gelatin (Chen ejiao) each 2 qian, Light Aconite Slice (Dan fupian), Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Qingzhigancao) each 6 fen. First, take 1 liang of Kitchen Hearth Earth (Zaoxin huangtu), dissolve in cold water, clarify, and use the water to decoct the herbs]. For damp-heat, use Chidou Danggui San (Red Bean and Angelica Powder) [Ingredients: Sprouted Vigna Angularis (Chidou ya) 5 qian, Whole Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Quan danggui) 3 qian, finely powdered, take 3 qian per dose mixed with clear grain water]. However, hematochezia can be caused by all six exogenous pathogens, not just managed by Huangtu Tang and Danggui San. First treat the intestines to address the branch, then treat the organs to clear the source. If pure bright red blood flows rapidly like an arrow, without anal swelling/pain but with intestinal borborygmus, this is Changfeng Xiaxue (Intestinal Wind Bleeding). Treat primarily by clearing fire and dispersing wind. Use Qinggan Dayu Tang minus Danggui and Juhua, taken with Baoyuan Huaijiao Wan (Baoyuan Huaijiao Pill) [Ingredients: Fructus Sophorae (Huaijiao), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui), Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shengdi), Radix Scutellariae (Huangqin), Cortex Phellodendri (Huangbai), Folium Platycladi (Cebaiye) each 3 qian, Fructus Aurantii (Zhiqiao), Radix Sanguisorbae (Diyu), Herba Schizonepetae (Jingjie), Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng) each 2 qian, Rhizoma Coptidis (Hlian), Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Shengjiang) each 1 qian, Fructus Pruni Mume (Wumei) 3 pieces. Make pills with fresh lotus leaf juice and white honey, take 2-3 qian per dose]. Subsequently use Jiawei Baitouweng Tang minus Guanzhong and Moli, adding Ejiao and Zhigancao, to clear Liver fire, strengthen intestines, cool blood, and nourish Yin for follow-up.

If blood appears before stool, scattered and dark purple, or pale red, with weak stomach and loose stools, and no history of hemorrhoids/fistulas, this is Small Intestine Cold-Dampness bleeding. Treat primarily by warming, tonifying, and astringing the intestines. Use Jiajian Huangtu Tang [Ingredients: Earth-fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Tu chao baizhu), Flower Dragon Bone (Hualonggu), Charred Radix Sanguisorbae (Diyutan) each 3 qian, Old Donkey-hide Gelatin (Chen ejiao) 2 qian, Charred Prepared Ginger (Hei paojing), Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Zhigancao), Fructus Amomi Rotundus (Chunsharen) each 8 fen. First, take 1 liang of Fulonggan (Kitchen Hearth Earth), dissolve in water, stir until melted, clarify, and use to decoct herbs. Verified prescription by Mr. Hu Zaizi]. Subsequently use Jiawei Shizhi Yuliang Tang (Modified Red Stone and Yu Liang Decoction) [Ingredients: Lapis Kaolinis (Chishizhi), Lapis Limonitae (Yuyuliang) each 3 qian, Earth-fried Sichuan Pepper Seeds (Tu chao chuanjiazi), Raw Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Shengyuzhu), Charred Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong tan) each 2 qian, Vinegar-fried Ai Ye (Qiai) 1 qian], to fill pores and repair collaterals for follow-up.

If the blood color is like smoke and dust, dull and turbid, with loose stools, poor stomach function, and limb fatigue, this is Zangdu Xiaxue (Visceral Poison Bleeding) caused by accumulated heat from rich food and dampness from wine/dairy. Treat with bitter, acrid, and bland draining methods. Use Qinlian Erchen Tang minus Jiang zhi and Zhuli zhi, adding Fried Sophora Seed (Chuai mi) 2 qian, Large Black Wood Ear (Da hei mu'er) 3 qian, Maogen and Oujie each 1 liang. For severe cases, use Qingchang Jiedu Tang [Ingredients: Scorched Fructus Gardeniae Praecox (Jiaoshanzhi) 3 qian, Charred Flos Lonicerae (Yinhua tan), Radix Scutellariae (Qingzihen), Fructus Forsythiae (Lianqiao), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao) each 2 qian, Rhizoma Coptidis (Chuanlian), Cortex Phellodendri (Chuanbai), Raw Rheum Palmatum (Sheng chuanjun), Scorched Fructus Aurantii (Jiaozhiqiao), Calcined Saposhnikoviae Root (Wei fangfeng) each 1 qian]. Subsequently use Mu'er Doufu Jian (Wood Ear and Tofu Decoction) [Ingredients: Large Black Wood Ear (Da hei mu'er) 5 qian, Raw Tofu (Sheng doufu) 4 liang, Table Salt (Yan) 1 qian], taken with Jiawei Zanglian Wan (Modified Visceral Connection Pill) [Ingredients: Rhizoma Coptidis (Chuanlian) 5 liang, Radix Sophorae Flavescentis (Kushen) 3 liang, Raw Rheum Palmatum (Sheng chuanjun) 2 liang, Round Soapberry Kernel (Yuan zaorén), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (Baizhi) each 1.5 liang, Peach Kernel (Guang taoren) 1 liang. All finely powdered. Clean pig large intestine, stuff with powder, cook in half wine/half water until soft, pound and grind, mix with 1 liang Caobao shuang (soot from burning grass) and 3 liang Hongqu (Red Yeast Rice), make pills, take 3 qian morning and evening on empty stomach. Verified prescription by Mr. Hu Zaizi], to cleanse intestinal turbidity and eradicate the root.

If blood appears after stool, bright red and lustrous, or deep purple, or with shiny purple clots, this is Intestinal Heat Bleeding. Cool blood and drain heat using Dibei Qingchang Tang [Ingredients: Fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdi) 6 qian, Raw Folium Platycladi (Sheng cebaiye) 4 qian, Flos Lonicerae (Yinhua), Radix Rubiae Cordifoliae (Qiancao), Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao), Herba Prunellae Spicae (Xiakucao), Plantago asiatica (Xuejianchou) each 2 qian, Flos Catalpae (Ziwei hua) 2 qian. First decoct fresh Herba Imperatae (Xian maogen) and fresh Rhizoma Nelumbinis (Sheng ou) each 2 liang to replace water. Verified prescription by Mr. Hu Zaizi]. Subsequently use Zanglian Liuwei Wan (Visceral Connection Six-Ingredient Pill) [Ingredients: Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Shudi) 5 qian, Fructus Corni (Yurou), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyao), Polyporus (Chiling), Cortex Moutan (Danpi), Alisma Orientale (Zexie), Rhizoma Coptidis (Chuanlian) each 3 qian, Alum (Bai fan) 1 qian, Roasted Date Cake (Shibing) 2 pieces embedded with alum, cooked in pig intestine with glutinous rice, remove rice, pound into pills, take 2-3 qian morning and evening on empty stomach]. If anus is swollen and prolapsed, dripping blood continuously, or blood spurts like splashes, with tenesmus, and continuous bright red blood with stool, even severe swelling/redness/pain, this is Internal Hemorrhoid Bleeding, named Xuemi. First purge stasis and heat, use Qingchang Jiedu Tang minus Fangfeng, add Huai mi, Taoren, Shengdi, and fried Zhiqiao pi. If pain is extreme with heavy bleeding, add Rush Xiang (Ruxiang), Moyao (Myrrha), and Fa Hui (Hair Ash). If red/swollen/painful and cannot retract, use external Hemorrhoid Pointing Method [Ingredients: One large water snail, remove shell, add small amount of Bingpian (Borneol) and Shexiang (Musk), leave overnight until liquefied, apply to hemorrhoid to retract. If no water snail, use one large garden snail removed from shell, one raw Ginkgo nut, pound together, substitute equally effective)]. Wait until swelling, pain, and bleeding stop, then use Buyin Yiqi Jian minus Shudi, adding Ejiao, Shengdi, and Hei Mu'er, to raise Qi and nourish Yin for follow-up.

Sixth complication: Hematuria. If symptoms include dribbling cutting pain and scanty difficult urination, this is Ran Du Chi Lin (Poison-infected Red Strangury). Treat by removing poison and promoting urination. Use Daochi Bazhen San modified [Ingredients: Fresh Rhizoma Dioscoreae Spongiosae (Xianshengdi), Talcum (Huashi wrapped) each 6 qian, Herba Diantherae (Qumai), Herba Scopariae (Bianxu), Spora Tectariae (Haijinsha wrapped), Scorched Fructus Gardeniae Praecox (Jiaoshanzhi) each 3 qian, Folium Menthae haplocalycis (Dan zhuye) 2 qian, Radix Akebiae (Mutong), Raw Rheum Palmatum (Sheng jinwen) each 1 qian, Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata (Sheng gan shao) 8 fen. First decoct Smilax Glabra Rhizome (Tu fuling), fresh Herba Portulacae (Xian cheqian cao), peeled fresh Herba Imperatae (Qu pi xian maogen) each 1 liang to replace water]. If no strangury poison, but Heart channel residual heat transfers to Bladder, causing Bladder heat binding and hematuria, symptoms include vexation, insomnia, or coma/unconsciousness, or throat/tongue pain, or palpitations/annoyance. Treat by cooling blood and draining heat. Use Daochi Qingxin Tang minus Fuling and Maidong, add Jiaozhi, Qumai, and Hupo (Amber). If heat originates from Liver channel, accompanied by lower abdominal fullness, stabbing hypochondriac pain, bitter taste, deafness, alternating chills and fever, profuse red strangury, even sinew atrophy and penile pain, treat by cooling Liver and draining fire. Use Longdan Xiegan Tang plus Danpi and Yujin. Mild cases use Qinggan Dayu Tang minus Heye and Juhua, add Longdancao, Sheng Niuxi shao, and Xian Cheqian cao. If treating Heart and Liver is ineffective, clear the Lung. The Lung is the upper source of Kidney Water; clear Lung then Water clears, calm Water then Blood calms. Use Qingzao Jiufei Tang plus Puhuang, Maogen, and Oujie.

In summary, hemostatic methods require clear differentiation of deficiency/excess and cold/heat to correctly apply tonification/draining and warming/cooling. Tonification includes Ejiao, Shudi, Xianyu jiao, etc., which strengthen Water and tonify deficiency. Renshen, Shashen, Yanyin tonify Qi and deficiency. Draining includes Dahuang, Huangqin, Huanglian, Dancao, bitter-cold fire-draining drugs. Fresh Di, Pear, Sugarcane, Lotus Root juices are sweet-cold fire-draining drugs. Ganjiang tan, Rougui tan, Lu jiao tan, Gouqi tan are warming-cold hemostatic drugs. Ge Shi's Shihui San is heat-clearing hemostatic drug. Others like Suzi, Yujin, Jiangxiang, Qingpi, Jiu zhi are Qi-descending and Liver-subduing drugs. Shijueming, Zuo Muli, Haige ke, Daizheshi are Blood-descending and Liver-calming drugs. All treat blood rising with Qi. For blood stasis, use Dahuang hui, Ganqi hui, Shanzha hui, Hongqu hui. For slippery blood, use Zongpi hui, Lianfang hui, Liupi hui, Meishi zi. Sanqi, Yujin, Danpi move Qi within Blood. Daji, Xiaoji, Qian gen eliminate stagnation in Blood. Ce bai, Ziwei, Jiancao, Zhuru cool heat in Blood. Xijiao, Daimao, Zhufen, Hupo clear Spirit in Blood. Maogen, Niuxi, Tongbian guide blood downward. Oujie zhi, Heye zhi, Chen zhe zhi stop bleeding while moving stasis. Blood medicines are numerous, far more than just astringents.

[Youlian's Note]: Mr. Miao's Three Principles for Treating Hematemesis state first: promote blood circulation rather than stop bleeding. Deep fear that stopping leads to coagulation, coagulation leads to fever/anorexia, and disease becomes entrenched, often resulting in blood stasis turning into Consumption. Among blood-circulating drugs, Dahuang is foremost. My father created Lizhi Tuyue Gao (Immediate Stop Hematemesis Paste) [Ingredients: Jiancao 1 jin, Dijin 2 jin, Ye Baihe, Hei Mu'er, Baiji, Meishi zi each 1 liang, Fresh Oujie 2 liang, Fresh Pipaye de-haired/cleaned, Fresh scraped Danzhuru, Fresh Jiaobaigen each 8 liang. Decoct, remove dregs, filter, add Jingbaimi 1 jin, Kuibingtang 8 liang, boil to thick paste]. It treats ordinary reckless hemoptysis. Take one small spoon, twice day/once night, on empty stomach, cured in ten days. For chronic Lung damage hemoptysis, take this at 5 AM, and Qiongyu Gao morning/evening, cured in one month, with consistent results. Since blood overflowing upper orifices is mostly Yang excess/Yin deficiency with ascending without descending (90%), my father established these two formulas: Jiangqi Xiehuo (Descend Qi Drain Fire) and Buluo Tianqiao (Repair Collaterals Fill Pores), treating according to syndrome. However, Yang Renzhai stated that in bleeding disorders, Yang deficiency causing Yin leakage accounts for 3-4 in 100. Thus, Shuchiyuan strongly criticized nourishing Yin for deficiency bleeding. Chen Xiuyuan also supports this view, applicable to such syndromes. Treat with Mr. Ding Yanfeng of Shaanxi's secret Two Prescriptions for Blood Disorders, which are highly effective.

Prescription 1 for Treating Blood [Ingredients: Guang Yujin, Chaohei Zisu, Zhen Chuanpu, Jiuchao Sheng Jinwen each 8 fen, Zhiqiao, Jiegeng, Danggui each 7 fen, Zi Yougui 5 fen. Decoct 2 zhong water, add Tongbian half cup, Jiangzhi one small spoon, mix and take. Only take 1-2 doses]. Prescription 2 for Treating Blood [Ingredients: Maidong 2 qian, Chuanbei, Chuanduan each 1 qian, Chishao 7 fen, Yuanzhi 6 fen, Shanyao 4 fen, Yimucao 3 fen. Decoct 2 zhong water to 8 fen, take 10 doses. Regardless of age/gender or old/new hematemesis, take as directed for immediate cure and eradication. Even if bleeding stops after a few doses, complete the 10 doses. Do not change ingredients or dosages. Crucial! Avoid cold-cooling drugs to prevent blood coagulation/Qi stagnation. If cold drugs were mistakenly taken initially, this prescription will gradually transform cold-phlegm/saliva. After finishing, if dry cough persists, take Jianpi Wan]. Famous doctor Mr. Zhang Shaoquan from Rongcheng elucidated: The former prescription is excellent because Zhi, Jie, Piao, and Su lift, descend, and dredge, leaving no pathogenic residue. Then Danggui and Yujin guide from within the blood. Finally, Rougui assists Dahuang to warm, unblock, and descend, guiding