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The Stomach is the "Sea of Water and Grain." Its upper connecting point is at Qichuan (ST30), and its lower connecting point is at Zusanli (ST36). ○ The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) is the "Sea of the Twelve Channels." Its upper connecting point is at Dazhu (BL11), and its lower connecting points are at Shanglian (ST34) and Xialian (ST37). ○ The Danzhong (Conception Vessel, located in the chest) is the "Sea of Qi." Its upper connecting point is at the upper and lower parts of the vertebral column, and its external manifestation is at Renying (ST9). ○ The Brain is the "Sea of Marrow." Its upper connecting point is at the crown of the head (Gai, which refers to Baihui GV20), and its lower connecting point is at Fengfu (GV16). (From *Ling Shu*)

The classic states: For patients who are emaciated and whose disease location is fixed, puncture according to the solar terms so that the Qi of the Twelve Channels does not cease. If any of the Twelve Channels is blocked, puncture the blocked or suspected obstructed areas until the Qi of all channels passes through the joints. Do not limit the number of punctures; stop when balance is achieved. ○ The "Da Jie Jing" (Great Connecting Meridians) therapy treats hemiplegia caused by stroke, following the principle of drawing Yin from Yang and Yang from Yin, utilizing the Jing-Well points of the Twelve Channels. (From *Zhen Jiu Zi Sheng Jing* citing *Gang Mu*)

Generally, diseases of the upper body often utilize points on the Hand-Yangming Channel; diseases of the middle body utilize points on the Foot-Taiyin Channel; diseases of the lower body utilize points on the Foot-Jueyin Channel. For the anterior chest and abdomen, utilize the Foot-Yangming Channel; for the back, utilize the Foot-Taiyang Channel. Selecting points from the respective channel based on the disease of that channel is the most crucial principle. Ideally, one needle cures a hundred diseases; do not exceed four needles. Having needles all over the body is repulsive. (From *Zhen Jiu Ru Men*) ○ Gao Huang (BL43), Zusanli (ST36), and Yongquan (KI1) can treat almost all diseases. (From *Zhen Jiu Ru Men*) ○ To maintain health, the Qi of the Dantian must not be depleted. (From *Zhen Jiu Zi Sheng Jing*)

There are 365 acupoints in the body. Moxibustion on thirty of them is harmful, and needling seventy-nine of them requires caution. (According to Wang Shuhe) ○ Practitioners must first understand the acupoints and the principles of tonifying deficiency and sedating excess. When needling the skin and interstices, do not damage the muscles; when needling muscles, do not damage the sinews and vessels; when needling sinews and vessels, do not damage the bone marrow; when needling bone marrow, do not damage the collateral vessels. Injury to sinews causes staring eyes and loss of Hun (ethereal soul); injury to blood vessels causes restlessness and loss of Shen (spirit); injury to skin and hair causes panting and loss of Hun; injury to bone marrow causes groaning and loss of Zhi (will); injury to muscles causes inability to control the limbs and loss of Zhi (intellect). This is called "Five Disorders," carrying the risk of death. (From *Zhen Jiu Zi Sheng Jing*)

Puncturing the Five Zang Organs leads to death because they house the Zang Spirits. Puncturing the Heart leads to death within one day, with symptoms of belching. Puncturing the Lung leads to death within three days, with symptoms of coughing. Puncturing the Liver leads to death within five days, with symptoms of incoherent speech (or yawning). Puncturing the Spleen leads to death within ten days, with symptoms of frequent swallowing. Puncturing the Kidney leads to death within six days (or three days), with symptoms of sneezing. Puncturing the Gallbladder leads to death within half a day, with symptoms of vomiting. Puncturing the Diaphragm results in death within a year, even if the illness appears cured initially. (From *Nei Jing*)

Injuries caused by improper needling: Puncturing the dorsum pedis and hitting a major vessel with uncontrolled bleeding leads to death. Puncturing the yin region and hitting a major vessel with uncontrolled bleeding leads to death. Puncturing the face and hitting a flowing vessel may cause blindness. Puncturing Shangguan (GB7) too deeply and damaging internal vessels causes internal leakage and deafness. Puncturing Naohu (GV17) and entering the brain causes immediate death. Puncturing the patella and causing effusion leads to limping. Puncturing under the tongue and hitting a major vessel with uncontrolled bleeding causes aphonia. Puncturing the Hand-Taiyin vessel with excessive bleeding causes immediate death. Puncturing the foot collaterals without blood flow causes swelling. Puncturing the Foot-Shaoyin vessel in a severely deficient patient, causing bleeding, leads to stiff tongue and difficulty speaking. Puncturing [missing text] major vessels causes pallor and collapse. Puncturing the chest and penetrating the lung causes dyspnea and orthopnea. Puncturing Qichong (ST30) and hitting a major vessel without blood flow causes inguinal swelling. Puncturing the elbow and sinking the needle causes Qi stagnation and inability to flex or extend the limb. Puncturing the interspinous space and damaging the spinal cord causes kyphosis. Puncturing three cun below the inner thigh and sinking the needle causes enuresis. Puncturing above the breast and damaging the mammary gland causes swelling and ulceration. Puncturing the axilla and intercostal space causes coughing. Puncturing Quepen (LI12) and sinking the needle causes Qi leakage, leading to wheezing and coughing. Puncturing the lower abdomen and damaging the bladder causes urine leakage and abdominal fullness. Puncturing the thenar eminence and sinking the needle causes swelling. Puncturing above the orbit and damaging the Shengzhong vessel causes lacrimal fistula and blindness. Puncturing the joint and causing effusion leads to immobility. (From *Nei Jing*) Over-puncturing Shangguan (GB7) prevents yawning. Puncturing Xiaguan (ST7) causes uncontrollable yawning. Puncturing Dubi (ST35) causes inability to flex the leg. Puncturing both Guan points causes inability to extend the leg. (From *Ling Shu*)

Acupoints contraindicated for needling: Shenting (GV24), Naohu (GV17), Xinhui (GV22), Yuzhen (GB9), Luoque (BL8), Chengling (GB19), Luxi (TE14), Jiaosun (TE6), Chengqi (ST1), Shendao (GV11), Lingtai (GV10), Jianzhongshu (SI11), Danzhong (CV17), Quepen (LI12), Shangguan (GB7), Jiawei (CV15), Wuli (ST31), Qingling (HT8), Hegu (LI4), Shenque (CV8), Henggu (KI12), Qichong (ST30), Jimen (LR11), Chengjin (BL56), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Shuifen (CV9), Huiyin (CV1), Shimen (CV5), Sanyangluo (TE7), Renying (ST9), Ruzhong (ST18), RanGu (KI2), Futu (ST32). (From *Zhen Jiu Ru Men*)

Acupoints contraindicated for moxibustion: Yamenh (GV15), Fengfu (GV16), Tianzhu (BL10), Chengguang (BL6), Linqi (GB15), Touwei (ST8), Cuanzhu (BL2), Jingming (BL1), Suliao (DU26), Heliao (SI18), Yingxiang (LI20), Quanliao (SI18), Xiaguan (ST7), Renying (ST9), Tianyou (TE16), Tianfu (LU3), Zhourong (CH14), Yuanye (SI9), Ruzhong (ST18), Jiawei (CV15), Fu'ai (ST25), Jianzhen (SI9), Yangchi (TE4), Zhongchong (PC9), Shaoshang (LU11), Yuji (LU10), Jingqu (LU8), Yangque (SI6), Jizhong (GV12), Yinbai (SP1), Lougu (SP9), Tiaokou (ST38), Diwuhui (ST39), Dubi (ST35), Yinshi (ST33), Futu (ST32), Biguan (ST31), Zhongwan (CV12), Weizhong (BL40), Yinlingquan (SP9), Yinmen (BL37), Xinxu (BL13), Chengfu (BL36), Chengqi (ST1), Maimen (BL63), Sizhukong (TE23), Yanmen (EX-HN13), Ermen (TE21), Shimen (CV5), Qichong (ST30), Naohu (GV17), Baihuanxu (BL30).