上编云，气交之分，人气从之。此承上编气交之意，而为气交变大论，以明气运之太过不及，四时之
德化政令，星象之吉凶善恶，有常有变，征应于人，藏之灵室，命曰《气交变大论》。
黄帝问曰∶五运更治，上应天期，阴阳往复，寒暑迎随，真邪相薄，内外分离，六经波
荡，五气倾移，太过不及，专胜兼并，愿言其始，而有常名，可得闻乎？
更，平声。
五运，五行也。期，一岁也。一岁之中，五行各主其时，故曰五运更治。上应天期，春夏为阳，秋冬
为阴，日月营运，一寒一暑，故曰阴阳往复，寒暑迎随。若真邪相薄，则内外分离，相薄分
离，则六经波荡，五气倾移，波荡倾移，其中有太过不及之气。太过则专胜，不及则兼并。欲究其终，
必言其始，欲明其变，必悉其常。此帝举以为问。
岐伯稽首再拜对曰∶昭乎哉问也！是明道也。此上帝所贵，先师传之，臣虽不敏，往闻其旨。
五运上应天期，以及阴阳寒暑，始终常变，是明道也。道者，上帝所贵，先师传之，故往昔曾闻其旨。
帝曰∶余闻得其人不教，是谓失道，传非其人，慢泄天宝。余诚菲德，未足以受至道。然
而众子哀其不终，愿夫子保于无穷，流于无极，余司其事，则而行之奈何？
欲岐伯尽言传于后世，无有穷极也。
岐伯曰∶请遂言之也。《上经》曰∶夫道者，上知天文，下知
地理，中知人事，可以长久。此之谓也。
《上经》，《着至教论》也。《着至教论》，帝语雷公曰∶而
道上知天文，下知地理，中知人事，可以长久。岐伯引之以明往闻其旨，此之谓也。
帝曰∶何谓也？
天文地理人事，帝欲详明其旨，故复问之。
岐伯曰∶本气位也。位天者，天文也。位地者，地理也。通于
人气之变化者，人事也。故太过者先天，不及者后天，所谓治化而人应之也。
气位，六气主岁之位。六气位天，六气位地，人居气位之中，故曰本气位也。三阳三阴位乎天者，即
天文也。三阳三阴位乎地者，即地理也。以六气之位，通于人气之变化者，即人事也。未当位而气先至，是
气之太过，故太过者先天。已当位而气未至，是气之不及，故不及者后天。先天后天，所谓主治之气
化，而人应之，以为气之变化也。
帝曰，五运之化，太过何如？
上文太过者先天，不及者后天，帝先问五运气化之太过。
岐伯曰∶岁木太过，风气流行，脾土受邪。民病飧泄食减，体重烦冤，肠鸣腹支满，上应
岁星。甚则忽忽善怒，眩冒巅疾。化气不政，生气独治，云物飞动，草木不宁，甚而摇落，反
胁痛而吐甚，冲阳绝者死不治，上应太白星。
在地为木，在天为风。故岁木太过，则风气流行，其在于人，
则脾土受邪，木克土也。民病飧泄，土气虚于下也。食减，土气虚于上也。体重，则土气不和于外。烦
冤，则土气不和于内。脾气不通于胃则肠鸣，脾气不行于四肢则腹支满，腹支满，腹满而下连于
足也。下文胁支满，胁满而上连于手也。岁木太过，故上应岁星，岁星，木星也。甚则风木太过，自致其
病，忽忽善怒，风淫于内，厥阴肝脏病也。弦冒巅疾，风薄于上，厥阴经脉病也。化气，土气也，木盛土衰，
故化气不政，政，治也。生气，木气也，木气有余，故生气独治。风气在天，则云物飞动，风气在地，则草
木不宁，甚而摇落。风气在人，则反胁痛而吐甚。冲阳，胃脉也，始则化气不政，若木盛土衰，至冲阳脉绝者
死不治。侮反受邪，故上应太白星，太白金星也。应太白，金刑木也。此岁木太过，而有气交之变也。
岁火太过，炎暑流行，肺金受邪。民病疟，少气咳喘，血溢血泄注下，嗌燥耳聋，中
热肩背热，上应荧惑星。甚则胸中痛，胁支满胁痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛，身热骨痛
而为浸淫。收气不行，长气独明，雨水霜寒，上应辰星。上临少阴少阳，火燔 ，水
泉涸，物焦槁，病反谵妄狂越，咳喘息鸣，下甚血溢泄不已，太渊绝者死不治，上应荧惑星。
肺金，旧本讹金肺，今改。长，上声，余长仿此。
在地为火，在天为暑。故岁火太过，则炎暑流行，其在于人，则肺金受邪，火克金也。民病疟，
毫毛伸欠乃作寒热也。少气咳喘，肺气虚也。血溢血泄，气虚不能摄血也。水不上升则注下，注下则津液
不濡，故嗌燥耳聋。火不下降则中热，中热则肩背热。岁火太过，故上应荧惑星，荧惑火星也。火炎过甚，
自致其病，则胸中痛，胁支满，胁痛，膺背肩胛间痛，两臂内痛，皆心主包络之病也。盖心主包络之脉起于
胸中，循胸出胁，入肘下臂故也。身热，火气外浮也。骨痛火浮于外，不温于内也，而为浸淫，言身热久则
留注皮络而成浸淫疮也。收气，金气也，火盛金衰，故收气不行。
长气，火气也，火气有余故长气独明。有余而往，不足随之，侮反
受邪，则雨水霜寒，而上应辰星，辰星水星也。应辰星，水刑火也。少阴君火也，少阳相火也，岁火太过，故
上临少阴少阳。火气在天则火燔 ，火气在地则水泉涸，物焦槁，火气在人，则病反谵妄狂越，咳喘息鸣，
火气下甚则血溢泄不已。太渊肺俞之穴也，始则收气不行，若火盛金衰至太渊绝者，死不治。火气亢极，
上应荧惑星。此岁火太过，而有气交之变也。
岁土太过，雨湿流行，肾水受邪。民病腹痛，清厥意不乐，体重烦冤，上应镇星。甚则肌肉
萎，足痿不收，行善螈，脚下痛，饮发，中满，食减，四肢不举。变生得位，脏气伏，化
气独治之，泉涌河衍，涸泽生鱼，风雨大至，土崩溃，鳞见于陆，病腹满溏泄肠
鸣，反下甚而太溪绝者死不治，上应岁星。
藏，如字，见，音现，下见同。
在地为土，在天为湿。故岁土太过，则雨湿流行。其在于人，则肾水受邪，土克水也。民病腹痛清
厥，阴寒水气之病也。意不乐，则脾志不舒。体重，则土气不和。烦宽，则心肾不交。岁土太
过，故上应镇星，镇星土星也。土湿过甚，自致其病，则肌肉痿，肌肉痿则足痿不收，足痿不收则行善螈，
行善螈则脚下痛，此土气壅滞致生痿痹之证也。饮发者，水气不行，发为饮病，故饮发则中满，中满则食减，
食减则四肢不举，此土气壅滞致有停饮之证也。变生得位者，变而生病，当土王之时也。脏气，水气也，土
盛水衰故脏气伏。化气，土气也，土气有余故化气独治之。湿淫于地，则泉涌河衍，涸泽生鱼。湿淫于天，则
风雨大至。夫泉涌河衍则土崩溃，涸泽生鱼则鳞见于陆。湿淫于人，则病腹满溏泄肠鸣，反下甚。太溪，肾脉
也，始则脏气伏，若土盛水衰，至太溪脉绝者死不治，侮反受邪，故上应岁星，应岁星，木刑土也。此岁
土太过，而有气交之变也。
岁金太过，燥金流行，肝木受邪。民病两胁下少腹痛，目赤痛 疡，耳无所闻。肃杀而
甚，则体重烦冤，胸痛引背，两胁满且痛引少腹，上应太白星。甚则喘咳逆气，肩背痛，
尻阴股髀 足皆
病，上应萤惑星。收气峻，生气下，草木敛，苍干凋陨，病反暴
痛， 胁不可反侧，咳逆甚而血溢，太冲绝者死不治，上应太白星。
在地为金，在天为燥，故岁金太过，则燥气流行。其在于人，则肝木受邪，金克木也。民病两胁下少
腹痛，肝病也。目赤痛 疡，肝开窍于目也。耳无所闻，阴中之初阳不升也。金气太过，肃
杀而甚，则体重烦冤。上文脾病心病皆体重烦冤，此则申明烦冤者，乃胸痛引背，阴阳血气不和。体重者，
乃两胁满，左右枢机不利。又言不但胸痛引背，且痛引少腹。岁金太过，故上应太白星。
金燥过甚，自致其病，则喘咳逆气，肩背痛。《经脉》论云∶肺所生病咳、上气、喘渴、肩背痛也。肝主周
身之气，为十二经脉之首，肝病则周身经脉不和，故尻阴股膝髀 足皆病。金亢则害，侮反受
邪，故上应萤惑星，应萤惑，火刑金也。收气，金气也，金气有余，故收气峻。生气，木气也，金盛木衰，
故生气下。金主肃杀，故草木敛，而苍干凋陨。天气收敛当无病矣，病反暴痛 胁，不可反侧者，肝木受
刑致少阳枢转不利也。肺气不能开浮于外则咳逆过甚，咳逆而血溢者，气虚不能摄血也。太冲，肝经穴也，
始则生气下，若金盛木衰致太脉绝者，死不治。金气盛，故上应太白星。此岁金太过，而有气交之变也。
岁水太过，寒气流行，邪害心火，民病身热烦心，躁悸阴厥，上下中寒，谵妄心痛。
寒气早至，上应辰星。甚则腹大胫肿，喘咳，寝汗出，憎风。大雨至，埃雾朦郁，上应镇星。
上临太阳，雨冰雪霜不时降，湿气变物。病反腹满，肠鸣溏泄，食不化，渴而
妄冒，神门绝者不治。上应萤惑、辰星。
在地为水，在天为寒，故岁水太过，则寒气流行，其在于人，则邪害心火，水克火也。民病身热烦心，
火气盛也，火气盛而水制之，则烦心不已，转为躁悸，身热不已，转为阴厥，躁悸阴厥，则
三焦内虚，故上下中皆寒。上下中寒则神气内虚，故谵妄心痛。水盛火衰，故寒气早至，上应辰星。
水寒过甚，自致其病，水气下行
则腹大胫肿，水气上逆则喘咳，水气外浮则寝汗出憎风。始则有余而侮，既则侮反受邪。大雨至者，地气升
而为云为雨也。埃雾朦郁者，土湿如雾，朦昧郁结也。上应镇星，土刑水也。太阳，寒水
也，岁水太过，故上临太阳。水气在天则雨冰雪霜不时降，冰，冰雹也。水气在地，则湿气变物。水气在人，
则病反腹满，肠鸣溏泄。火气不行则食不化。火气内郁则渴而妄冒。神门，心脉也，始则身热烦心，若水盛
火衰，至神门脉绝者，死不治。水火者，阴阳也，阴阳往复，故上应萤惑辰星。此岁水太过，而有气交之变也。
帝曰∶善。其不及何如？
运气太过之理既明，帝故善之，复问五运气化之不及。
岐伯曰∶悉乎哉问也！岁木不及，燥乃大行，生气失应，草木晚荣，肃杀而甚，则刚
木辟着，柔萎苍干。上应太白星。民病中清， 胁病，少腹痛，肠鸣溏泄。凉雨时至，
上应太白星，其谷苍。上临阳明，生气失政，草木再荣，化气乃急，上应太白、镇
星，其主苍早。复则炎暑流火，湿性燥，柔脆草木焦槁，下体再生，华实齐化，病寒热
疮疡 疹痈痤，上应荧惑，太白，其谷白坚，白露早降，收杀气行，寒雨害物，虫
食甘黄，脾土受邪，赤气后化，心气晚治，上胜肺金，白气乃屈，其谷不成，咳而鼽，上应
荧惑、太白星。
岁木不及，则燥金之气乘而侮之，故燥乃大行。生气木气也，生气失应则百物愆期，故草木晚荣。金
气肃杀而甚，则刚木受刑，辟，刑也，着，受也。其柔草则苍干，萎，犹草也。木受金刑，故
上太白星。金气清肃，故民病中清。肝虚故 肋痛，少腹痛。清气在中，故肠鸣溏泄。金气清凉，故凉雨
时至，而上应太白星。苍，木色也，木虽不及，始屈终复，其谷成熟，则色苍。阳明，燥金之气
也，金刑其木，故上临阳明。阳明上临则生气失政，草木凋而再荣，再荣则化气乃急，谓金盛克木，则草
木凋谢，而金之子水又生其木，故得再荣。此制则生化之义，故曰化气乃急，言化气急而得
再荣也。阳明属秋金，又主中土，故上应太白镇星。草木再荣而成
实，速于常期，故其主苍早。复，母郁子复也，如金盛木郁，而木之子火又克其金，故复则炎暑流火，火
气盛矣。湿性燥，燥万物者，莫 乎火矣。柔脆，金不坚矣，草木焦槁将自焚矣。下体再生，华实齐化，言
下体得以再生，华实齐归制化之义。如火盛金衰，而火之子土又生其金，亦制则生化也。病寒热疮疡， 疹
痈痤，火气郁于皮毛也。火盛而制化生，今故上应荧惑太白星，制化生金，故其谷白坚。金气胜故白露早降，
收杀气行而寒雨害物，寒雨害物则生虫，故虫食甘黄，虫食甘黄则脾土受邪，此金刑其木，寒雨生虫而害
物也。炎暑流火乃母郁子复，其气后至故赤气后化。心气晚治，子复母仇，故上胜肺金，火盛金衰故白
气乃屈，而其谷不成。其在于人，则肺咳而鼻鼽。赤气后化了火也，白露早降，金也，故上应荧惑太白星。
此岁木不及而有岁交之变也。
岁火不及，寒乃大行，长政不用，物荣而下，凝惨而甚，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，
上应辰星。民病胸中痛，胁支满，两胁痛，膺背肩胛间及两臂内痛，郁冒 ，心痛暴喑，
胸腹大，胁下与腰背相引而痛，甚则屈不能伸，髋髀如别，上应荧惑，辰星，其谷丹。
复则埃郁，大雨且至，黑气乃辱，病 溏腹满，食饮不下，寒中肠
鸣，泄注腹痛，暴挛痿痹，足不任身，上应镇星，辰星，玄谷不成。
岁火不及，则寒水之气乘而侮之，故寒乃大行。长政，火政也，长政不用，火气衰也。物荣不下，业
不长也。凝惨而甚，阴寒极也。水盛火衰，则阳气不化，乃折荣美，折犹抑也。水气胜，故
The upper section states that at the junction of Qi, human Qi follows it. This continues the meaning of the Qi junction from the upper section to compose the "Treatise on Major Changes in the Qi Junction," to clarify the excess and deficiency of the Five Movements (Wu Yun), the virtue, transformation, administration, and orders of the four seasons, and the auspiciousness or malignancy of stellar phenomena, which have both constants and variations, manifesting responses in humans. These are stored in the Spirit Chamber and named the "Treatise on Major Changes in the Qi Junction."
Huangdi asked: The Five Movements (Wu Yun) alternate in governance, corresponding above to celestial cycles. Yin and Yang cycle back and forth, cold and heat welcome and follow each other. True Qi and pathogenic factors clash, causing separation between interior and exterior, waves of disturbance in the Six Meridians (Liu Jing), and displacement of the Five Qi. There is excess and deficiency, exclusive dominance, and mutual encroachment. I wish to know their beginning and the constant names; may I hear them?
"Geng" is pronounced with the level tone.
The Five Movements refer to the Five Elements (Wu Xing). "Qi" refers to one year. Within a year, each of the Five Elements governs its respective season, hence called "Five Movements alternating in governance." Corresponding above to celestial cycles, spring and summer belong to Yang, autumn and winter to Yin. The sun and moon operate, alternating cold and heat, hence called "Yin and Yang cycling back and forth, cold and heat welcoming and following." If true Qi and pathogenic factors clash, interior and exterior separate. Separation leads to waves of disturbance in the Six Meridians and displacement of the Five Qi. Within these disturbances and displacements exist Qi of excess and deficiency. Excess leads to exclusive dominance; deficiency leads to being encroached upon. To investigate the end, one must speak of the beginning; to understand change, one must know the constant. This is the question raised by the Emperor.
Qibo bowed twice and replied: How brilliant your question is! It clarifies the Great Dao. This is what Shangdi (Supreme Deity) values, transmitted by ancient masters. Although I am not wise, I have heard its purport before.
The Five Movements correspond above to celestial cycles, as well as the constancy and change of Yin-Yang and cold-heat. This clarifies the Great Dao. The Dao is valued by Shangdi and transmitted by ancient masters, so I have heard its purport in the past.
Huangdi said: I have heard that obtaining the right person but not teaching him is called losing the Dao; transmitting to the wrong person is disrespectfully leaking heavenly treasures. My virtue is indeed meager, insufficient to receive the Supreme Dao. Yet, seeing the multitude lament their untimely deaths, I wish for you to preserve this for infinity and flow it without limit. If I manage the affairs and act according to it, how should I proceed?
(The intent is) hoping Qibo would transmit all words to future generations without limit.
Qibo said: Please allow me to continue speaking. The *Shang Jing* (Classic of the Upper Antiquity) says: One who understands the Dao knows astronomy above, geography below, and human affairs in the middle, and can endure long. This is what is meant.
The *Shang Jing* refers to the *Zhezhi Jiao Lun* (Treatise on Manifesting the Highest Teachings). In the *Zhezhi Jiao Lun*, Huangdi told Leigong: You must know astronomy above, geography below, and human affairs in the middle to endure long. Qibo cites this to explain that he had previously heard its purport, which is what is meant here.
Huangdi said: What does this mean?
Regarding astronomy, geography, and human affairs, Huangdi wished to clarify their purport in detail, so he asked again.
Qibo said: It is based on the position of Qi. Those positioned in Heaven constitute astronomy. Those positioned in Earth constitute geography. Those connecting with the changes of human Qi constitute human affairs. Therefore, excess Qi arrives before the time (Xiantian), and deficient Qi arrives after the time (Houtian). This is called governance and transformation responding to humans.
Qi position refers to the positions of the Six Qi governing the year. Six Qi positioned in Heaven, Six Qi positioned in Earth, and humans residing within the Qi position, hence called "based on Qi position." Three Yang and Three Yin positioned in Heaven constitute astronomy. Three Yang and Three Yin positioned in Earth constitute geography. Using the positions of the Six Qi to connect with changes in human Qi constitutes human affairs. When Qi arrives before its due position, it is excess Qi, hence "excess arrives before time." When Qi has arrived at its due position but the Qi itself has not arrived, it is deficient Qi, hence "deficiency arrives after time." Before and after time refer to the governing Qi's transformation, to which humans respond, resulting in Qi changes.
Huangdi said: How is the transformation of the Five Movements when in excess?
The text mentioned excess arriving before time and deficiency after time; the Emperor first asks about the excess of Five Movement Qi transformation.
Qibo said: When Wood Qi of the year is in excess, wind Qi prevails, and Spleen Earth suffers from pathogenic invasion. People suffer from undigested diarrhea, reduced appetite, heavy body, vexation and depression, borborygmus, and abdominal distension. Above, this corresponds to Suixing (Jupiter). Severely, there is irritability, dizziness, and vertex diseases. Transformation Qi fails to govern, while Growth Qi acts alone. Clouds and objects move, grass and trees are restless, even shaking and falling. Conversely, there is hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting. If Chongyang pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable; above, this corresponds to Taibai (Venus).
On Earth is Wood, in Heaven is Wind. Thus, when Year Wood is in excess, Wind Qi prevails. In humans, Spleen Earth suffers because Wood overcomes Earth. People suffer from undigested diarrhea because Earth Qi is deficient below. Reduced appetite because Earth Qi is deficient above. Heavy body because Earth Qi is discordant externally. Vexation and depression because Earth Qi is discordant internally. Spleen Qi failing to communicate with Stomach causes borborygmus; Spleen Qi failing to circulate to limbs causes abdominal distension. Abdominal distension connects downward to feet. Hypochondriac distension mentioned later connects upward to hands. Year Wood excess corresponds to Suixing (Jupiter). Severely, excessive Wind-Wood causes disease: irritability indicates Wind invading interior, Liver of Jueyin disease. Dizziness and vertex disease indicate Wind pressing upward, Jueyin meridian disease. Transformation Qi refers to Earth Qi; Wood prosperity and Earth decline mean Transformation Qi cannot govern ("Zheng" means governance). Growth Qi refers to Wood Qi; Wood Qi surplus means Growth Qi acts alone. Wind in Heaven moves clouds; Wind on Earth unsettles plants. Wind in humans causes hypochondriac pain and severe vomiting. Chongyang is Stomach pulse. Initially Transformation Qi fails to govern; if Wood prospers and Earth declines until Chongyang pulse vanishes, death is incurable. Reverse encroachment receives evil, thus corresponding to Taibai (Venus). Responding to Taibai means Metal punishes Wood. This is Year Wood excess with Qi junction variation.
When Fire Qi of the year is in excess, scorching heat prevails, and Lung Metal suffers from pathogenic invasion. People suffer from malaria, shortness of breath, cough, asthma, hematemesis, hematochezia, diarrhea, dry throat, deafness, central heat, shoulder and back heat. Above, this corresponds to Yinghuo (Mars). Severely, there is chest pain, hypochondriac distension and pain, anterior chest, back, and scapular pain, inner arm pain, fever, bone pain, and spreading sores. Gathering Qi fails to function, while Long (Growth) Qi shines alone. Rain and frost appear. Above, this corresponds to Chenxing (Mercury). If descending upon Shaoyin and Shaoyang, fire blazes, springs dry up, things scorch. Patients instead suffer delirium, mania, cough, wheezing. Severe lower cases involve continuous bleeding and diarrhea. If Taiyuan pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable; above, this corresponds to Yinghuo (Mars).
Lung Metal was erroneously written as "Metal Lung" in old texts, corrected here. "Chang" is read with rising tone, others follow.
On Earth is Fire, in Heaven is Heat. Thus, Year Fire excess causes scorching heat. In humans, Lung Metal suffers because Fire overcomes Metal. Malaria involves shivering and yawning before chills and fever. Shortness of breath and cough indicate Lung Qi deficiency. Bleeding indicates Qi deficiency failing to control blood. Water failing to ascend causes diarrhea; diarrhea depletes fluids, causing dry throat and deafness. Fire failing to descend causes central heat, leading to shoulder/back heat. Year Fire excess corresponds to Yinghuo (Mars). Extreme fire causes disease: chest pain, hypochondriac distension/pain, anterior chest/back/scapular pain, inner arm pain are all Pericardium diseases. Pericardium meridian starts in chest, goes through hypochondrium, enters elbow/arm. Fever indicates Fire floating outward. Bone pain indicates Fire floating outward, failing to warm interior, leading to spreading sores over time. Gathering Qi refers to Metal Qi; Fire prosperity/Metal decline means Gathering Qi fails. Long Qi refers to Fire Qi; Fire surplus means Long Qi shines. Surplus followed by deficiency, reverse encroachment receives evil, causing rain/frost, corresponding to Chenxing (Mercury). Responding to Chenxing means Water punishes Fire. Shaoyin is Ministerial Fire, Shaoyang is Ministerial Fire. Year Fire excess descends upon Shaoyin/Shaoyang. Fire in Heaven blazes; Fire on Earth dries springs/things. Fire in humans causes delirium/mania/cough/wheezing. Severe lower Fire causes continuous bleeding/diarrhea. Taiyuan is Lung Shu point. Initially Gathering Qi fails; if Fire prospers/Metal declines until Taiyuan pulse vanishes, death is incurable. Extreme Fire corresponds to Yinghuo. This is Year Fire excess with Qi junction variation.
When Earth Qi of the year is in excess, dampness/rain prevails, and Kidney Water suffers from pathogenic invasion. People suffer from abdominal pain, cold extremities, unhappiness, heavy body, vexation/depression. Above, this corresponds to Zhensing (Saturn). Severely, muscles atrophy, legs are flaccid and unresponsive, walking causes spasms, sole pain, fluid retention, abdominal fullness, reduced appetite, limbs unable to move. Variation occurs at the proper time, Zang Qi hides, Transformation Qi acts alone. Springs surge, rivers overflow, dry marshes breed fish, great wind/rain occur, soil collapses, scales appear on land. Patients suffer abdominal fullness, loose stool, borborygmus. Severe lower cases involve relentless diarrhea. If Taixi pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable; above, this corresponds to Suixing (Jupiter).
"Cang" is read as is; "Xian" sounds like "present."
On Earth is Earth, in Heaven is Dampness. Thus, Year Earth excess causes dampness/rain. In humans, Kidney Water suffers because Earth overcomes Water. Abdominal pain/cold extremities are Yin-cold Water diseases. Unhappiness is Spleen will stagnation. Heavy body is Earth Qi discordance. Vexation/depression is Heart-Kidney non-interaction. Year Earth excess corresponds to Zhensing (Saturn). Excessive dampness causes disease: muscle atrophy leads to leg flaccidity, then spasms, then sole pain. This is Earth Qi stagnation causing Wei-Bi syndromes. Fluid retention is Water Qi failing to move, forming Phlegm-Fluid. Fullness reduces appetite, reducing limb movement. This is Earth Qi stagnation causing fluid retention. Variation at proper time means illness arising during Earth ruling period. Zang Qi refers to Water Qi; Earth prosperity/Water decline hides Zang Qi. Transformation Qi refers to Earth Qi; Earth surplus makes Transformation Qi act alone. Dampness on Earth surges springs/rivers; Dampness in Heaven brings wind/rain. Surging rivers collapse soil; breeding fish puts scales on land. Dampness in humans causes abdominal fullness/loose stool/borborygmus. Severe lower cases cause relentless diarrhea. Taixi is Kidney pulse. Initially Zang Qi hides; if Earth prospers/Water declines until Taixi pulse vanishes, death is incurable. Reverse encroachment receives evil, corresponding to Suixing (Jupiter). Responding to Suixing means Wood punishes Earth. This is Year Earth excess with Qi junction variation.
When Metal Qi of the year is in excess, dryness prevails, and Liver Wood suffers from pathogenic invasion. People suffer from bilateral hypochondriac and lower abdominal pain, red painful eyes with ulcers, deafness. Severe肃杀 (killing/drying) causes heavy body, vexation/depression, chest pain radiating to back, bilateral hypochondriac fullness/pain radiating to lower abdomen. Above, this corresponds to Taibai (Venus). Severely, asthma, cough, counterflow Qi, shoulder/back pain, buttock, yin, thigh, knee, calf, foot diseases occur. Above, this corresponds to Yinghuo (Mars). Gathering Qi is severe, Growth Qi sinks. Grass/trees gather, turn pale/dry/fall. Patients suffer sudden pain, stiff hypochondrium unable to turn, severe cough/hematemesis. If Taichong pulse vanishes, death ensues and is incurable; above, this corresponds to Taibai (Venus).
On Earth is Metal, in Heaven is Dryness. Thus, Year Metal excess causes dryness. In humans, Liver Wood suffers because Metal overcomes Wood. Bilateral hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain is Liver disease. Red eyes/ulcers because Liver opens to eyes. Deafness because initial Yang within Yin fails to rise. Severe肃杀 causes heavy body/vexation. Previous texts attributed heavy body/vexation to Spleen/Heart; here it explains vexation stems from chest pain radiating to back (Yin-Yang/Blood-Qi disharmony) and heavy body from hypochondriac fullness (pivot dysfunction). Pain radiates to lower abdomen. Year Metal excess corresponds to Taibai (Venus).
Extreme dryness causes disease: asthma/cough/counterflow Qi, shoulder/back pain. *Jingmai* treatise states Lung diseases include cough, counterflow Qi, asthma, shoulder/back pain. Liver governs whole-body Qi, head of twelve meridians. Liver disease causes meridian disharmony, affecting buttock/yin/thigh/knee/calf/foot. Metal excess harms, reverse encroachment receives evil, corresponding to Yinghuo (Mars). Responding to Yinghuo means Fire punishes Metal. Gathering Qi refers to Metal Qi; Metal surplus makes Gathering Qi severe. Growth Qi refers to Wood Qi; Metal prosperity/Wood decline makes Growth Qi sink. Metal governs肃杀, so grass/trees gather/dry/fall. Weather gathering should be disease-free, but patients suffer sudden pain/stiff hypochondrium unable to turn due to Liver Wood punishment hindering Shaoyang pivot. Lung Qi failing to float outward causes severe cough. Cough with hematemesis indicates Qi deficiency failing to control blood. Taichong is Liver meridian point. Initially Growth Qi sinks; if Metal prospers/Wood declines until Taichong pulse vanishes, death is incurable. Metal prosperity corresponds to Taibai. This is Year Metal excess with Qi junction variation.
When Water Qi of the year is in excess, cold prevails, pathogenic factors harm Heart Fire. People suffer from fever, vexation, restlessness, palpitations, Yin reversal, cold in upper/middle/lower, delirium, heart pain. Cold Qi arrives early, corresponding to Chenxing (Mercury). Severely, abdominal swelling, leg swelling, asthma/cough, nocturnal sweating, aversion to wind. Heavy rain arrives, dust/fog obscures, corresponding to Zhensing (Saturn). Descending upon Taiyang, rain/snow/hail/frost fall irregularly, dampness alters things. Patients suffer abdominal fullness, borborygmus, loose stool, indigestion, thirst, confusion. If Shenmen pulse vanishes, incurable. Above, this corresponds to Yinghuo (Mars) and Chenxing (Mercury).
On Earth is Water, in Heaven is Cold. Thus, Year Water excess causes cold. In humans, Heart Fire is harmed because Water overcomes Fire. Fever/vexation indicates Fire excess. Fire excess controlled by Water causes persistent vexation, turning to restlessness/palpitations. Persistent fever turns to Yin reversal. Restlessness/Yin reversal causes Sanjiao interior deficiency, leading to cold in upper/middle/lower. Interior cold causes Shen Qi deficiency, leading to delirium/heart pain. Water prosperity/Fire decline causes early cold, corresponding to Chenxing (Mercury).
Excessive cold causes disease: Water descending causes abdominal/leg swelling; Water ascending causes asthma/cough; Water floating outward causes nocturnal sweating/aversion to wind. Initially excess encroaches, then encroachment receives evil. Heavy rain is Earth Qi rising to clouds/rain. Dust/fog is Earth dampness like mist, obscure and stagnant. Corresponds to Zhensing (Saturn), Earth punishes Water. Taiyang is Cold Water. Year Water excess descends upon Taiyang. Water in Heaven causes irregular rain/snow/hail/frost (Ice refers to hail). Water on Earth alters things via dampness. Water in humans causes abdominal fullness/borborygmus/loose stool. Fire failure causes indigestion. Fire interior depression causes thirst/confusion. Shenmen is Heart pulse. Initially fever/vexation; if Water prospers/Fire declines until Shenmen pulse vanishes, death is incurable. Water/Fire are Yin/Yang, Yin/Yang cycle, corresponding to Yinghuo/Chenxing. This is Year Water excess with Qi junction variation.
Huangdi said: Good. What about deficiency?
Having clarified excess, Huangdi praised and asked about deficiency.
Qibo said: How detailed your question is! When Wood Qi of the year is deficient, Dryness prevails greatly. Growth Qi loses correspondence; grass/trees bloom late.肃杀 is severe; rigid wood is punished/withered, soft grass turns pale/dry. Corresponds to Taibai (Venus). People suffer from central cold, hypochondriac pain, lower abdominal pain, borborygmus, loose stool. Cool rain arrives, corresponding to Taibai (Venus); grains are green. If descending upon Yangming, Growth Qi fails to govern, grass/trees bloom again. Transformation Qi becomes urgent. Corresponds to Taibai/Zhensing; grains are green and early. Repayment (Fu) brings hot summer/fire. Damp nature becomes dry; fragile grass/trees scorch. Lower body regenerates; flowers/fruits mature together. Patients suffer chills/fever, sores, rashes, carbuncles. Corresponds to Yinghuo/Taibai; grains are white and firm. White dew falls early; gathering killing Qi runs; cold rain harms things. Worms eat sweet/yellow grains; Spleen Earth suffers. Red Qi transforms late; Heart Qi treats late. Upper overcomes Lung Metal; White Qi is屈 (subdued). Grains fail to mature. People suffer cough and nasal obstruction. Corresponds to Yinghuo/Taibai.
Year Wood deficiency allows Dryness Metal to invade. Growth Qi is Wood; loss of correspondence delays all things, causing late blooming. Severe肃杀 punishes rigid wood ("Pi" means punishment, "Zhuo" means suffering). Soft grass turns pale/dry. Wood punished by Metal corresponds to Taibai. Metal clarity causes central cold. Liver deficiency causes hypochondriac/lower abdominal pain. Clear Qi in center causes borborygmus/loose stool. Metal coolness causes cool rain, corresponding to Taibai. Green is Wood color. Though deficient, Wood eventually recovers; grains mature green. Yangming is Dryness Metal. Metal punishes Wood, descending upon Yangming. Yangming descent makes Growth Qi fail to govern; grass/trees wither then bloom again. Re-blooming makes Transformation Qi urgent (Metal suppresses Wood, but Metal's child Water generates Wood, allowing re-blooming). This is the principle of restriction generating transformation. Yangming belongs to Autumn Metal and Middle Earth, corresponding to Taibai/Zhensing. Re-blooming grains mature quickly, hence green and early. Fu (Repayment) is Mother depressed, Child repays. Metal excess depresses Wood; Wood's child Fire attacks Metal. Hence Fu brings hot summer/fire. Dryness is best countered by Fire. Fragile implies Metal is not hard; grass/trees scorch/self-combust. Lower body regeneration, flowers/fruits maturing together, returns to restriction/transformation. If Fire prospers/Metal declines, Fire's child Earth generates Metal, also restriction/transformation. Sores/rashes indicate Fire郁 in skin/hair. Fire prosperity generates Metal, corresponding to Yinghuo/Taibai. Restriction generates Metal, hence white/firm grains. Metal victory causes early white dew; gathering Qi runs; cold rain harms things. Harm causes worms eating sweet/yellow grains; Spleen Earth suffers. This is Metal punishing Wood, cold rain breeding worms harming things. Hot summer is Mother depressed/Child repaying; Qi arrives late, so Red Qi transforms late. Heart Qi treats late (Child avenges Mother), overcoming Lung Metal. Fire prosperity/Metal decline subdues White Qi, grains fail to mature. Humans suffer cough/nasal obstruction. Red Qi late is Fire; White dew early is Metal. Corresponds to Yinghuo/Taibai. This is Year Wood deficiency with Qi junction variation.
When Fire Qi of the year is deficient, Cold prevails greatly. Long (Growth) administration is unused. Things flourish but sink. Condensation and misery are severe; Yang Qi fails to transform, damaging beauty. Corresponds to Chenxing (Mercury). People suffer chest pain, hypochondriac distension/pain, anterior chest/back/scapular pain, inner arm pain, Yu Mao (depression/dizziness), heart pain, sudden aphonia, abdominal swelling, hypochondriac/lower back pulling pain. Severely, inability to extend, hip/thigh separation. Corresponds to Yinghuo/Chenxing; grains are red. Repayment brings dust stagnation, heavy rain, Black Qi insults. Patients suffer loose stool, abdominal fullness, inability to eat/drink, cold center, borborygmus, diarrhea/abdominal pain, sudden spasm/Wei-Bi, legs unable to support body. Corresponds to Zhensing/Chenxing; black grains fail to mature.
Year Fire deficiency allows Cold Water to invade. Long administration is Fire; unused means Fire decline. Things flourishing but sinking means no growth. Severe condensation is extreme Yin-Cold. Water prosperity/Fire decline means Yang Qi fails to transform, suppressing beauty ("Zhe" means suppress). Water victory...