（《素问·至真要大论》）
帝曰∶客主之胜复奈何？（客者，天地之六气。主者，四时之六步。凡前云胜复者，皆客气之变，故此复明主气也。
有逐年主气客气图，在图翼二卷。）岐伯曰∶客主之气，胜而无复也。（客气动而变，主气静而常，气强则胜，时去则已，
故但以盛衰相胜而无复也。）帝曰∶其逆从何如？岐伯曰∶主胜逆，客胜从，天之道也。（客行天令，运动不息，主守其
位，只奉天命者也。主胜客，则违天之命而天气不行，故为逆。客胜主，则以上临下而政令乃布，故为从。）
帝曰∶其生病何如？岐伯曰∶厥阴司天，客胜则耳鸣掉眩，甚则咳；主胜则胸胁痛，舌难以言。（初气终三气，天气
主之也。巳亥年厥阴司天，以风木之客，而加于厥阴少阴少阳之主。若客胜则木气上动而风邪盛，故耳鸣掉眩，甚则为
咳。若主胜则火挟木邪，在相火则胸胁痛，心包所居也；在君火则舌难言，心开窍于舌也。）少阴司天，客胜则鼽嚏，颈
项强肩背瞀热，头痛少气，发热耳聋目瞑，甚则 肿血溢，疮疡咳喘；主胜则心热烦躁，甚则胁痛支满。（子午年少阴司
天，以君火之客，而加于木火三气之主。客胜则火在上焦，故热居头项肌表。主胜则火木为邪，故心肝二经为病。瞀音
务，闷也。）太阴司天，客胜则首面 肿，呼吸气喘；主胜则胸腹满，食已而瞀。（丑未年太阴司天，以湿土之客，而加
于木火之主。客胜则湿热上升，故首面浮肿而喘。主胜则风热侵脾，故胸腹满，食已而瞀。）少阳司天，客胜则丹胗外发，
及为丹 疮疡，呕逆喉痹 ，头痛嗌 肿，耳聋血溢，内为螈 ；主胜则胸满咳仰息，甚而有血手热。（寅申年少阳司天，
以畏火之客，而加于木火之主。客主互胜，火在上焦，故为热病如此。胗，疹同。 ，飘、标二音。螈 音翅纵。按∶
下文云痉强拘螈，是螈为拘挛， 为弛纵可知。）阳明司天，清复内余，则咳衄嗌塞，心膈中热，咳不止而白血出者死。
（卯酉年阳明司天，以燥金之客，而加于木火之主。金居火位，则客不胜主，故不言客主之胜。然阳明以清肃为政，若
清气复盛而有余于内，则热邪承之，故为咳衄嗌塞等证，皆肺金受伤也。肺伤极则白血出，盖血竭于肺，乃为白涎白液，
涎液虽白，实血所化，故曰白血出者死。）太阳司天，客胜则胸中不利，出清涕，感寒则咳；主胜则喉嗌中鸣。（辰戌年
太阳司天，以寒水之客，而加于木火之主。客胜则寒气在上，故胸中不利，涕出而咳。主胜则火因寒覆，故阳气欲达而
喉嗌鸣也。）
厥阴在泉，客胜则大关节不利，内为痉强拘螈，外为不便；主胜则筋骨繇并，腰腹时痛。（四气尽终气，地气主之也。
寅申年厥阴在泉，以风木之客，而加于太阴阳明太阳之主。客胜主胜，皆以木居土金水之乡，肝木受制于下，故为关节
不利，痉强拘螈筋骨等病。繇，摇同。并，挛束不开也。）少阴在泉，客胜则腰痛，尻股膝髀 足病，瞀热 以酸，
肿不能久立，溲便变；主胜则厥气上行，心痛发热，膈中，众痹皆作，发于 胁，魄汗不藏，四逆而起。（卯酉年少阴在
泉，以君火之客，而加于土金水之主。客胜则腰尻下部为痛为热为溲便变者，火居阴分也。为 肿不能久立者，火在太
阴，脾主肌肉四肢也。主胜则君火受制于群阴，故为厥气上行，心痛发热等病。魄汗，阴汗也。四逆，厥冷也。《脉要精
微论》曰∶阴气有余为多汗身寒。即此谓也。）太阴在泉，客胜则足痿下重，便溲不时，湿客下焦，发而濡泻，及为肿隐
曲之疾；主胜则寒气逆满，食饮不下，甚则为疝。（辰戌年太阴在泉，以湿土之客，而加于金水之主。客胜而为足痿下重
等病，湿挟阴邪在下也。主胜而为寒气逆满、食饮不下者，寒水侮土伤脾也。甚则为疝，即隐曲之疾。盖前阴者，太阴
阳明之所合，而寒湿居之，故为是证。）少阳在泉，客胜则腰腹痛而反恶寒，甚则下白溺白；主胜则热反上行而客于心，
心痛发热，格中而呕，少阴同候。（巳亥年少阳在泉，以相火之客，而加于上金水之主。客胜则火居阴分，故下焦热、腰
腹痛而恶寒下白。主胜则阴盛格阳，故热反上行，心痛发热，格中而呕。少阳少阴皆属火，故同候。）阳明在泉，客胜则
清气动下，少腹坚满而数便泻；主胜则腰重腹痛，少腹生寒，下为 溏，则寒厥于肠，上冲胸中，甚则喘不能久立。（子
午岁阳明在泉，以燥金之客，而加于土金水之主。客胜则清寒之气动于下焦，故少腹坚满而便泻。主胜则寒侵金脏，故
下在肠腹则为腰重腹痛 溏寒厥，上于肺经则冲于胸中，甚则气喘不能久立也。 ，木、务二音，鸭也。）太阳在泉，寒
复内余，则腰尻痛，屈伸不利，股胫足膝中痛。（丑未年太阳在泉，以寒水之客，而加于金水之主。水居水位，故不言客
主之胜。重阴气盛，故寒复内余而为腰尻股胫足膝中痛。）帝曰∶善。治之奈何？（治客主之胜。）岐伯曰∶高者抑之，
下者举之。有余者折之，不足者补之，佐以所利，和以所宜，必安其主客，适其寒温，同者逆之，异者从之。（高者抑之，
欲其降也。下者举之，欲其升也。有余者折之，攻其实也。不足者补之，培其虚也。佐以所利，顺其升降浮沉也。和以
所宜，酌其气味薄浓也。安其主客，审强弱以调之也。适其寒温，用寒远寒，用温远温也。同者逆之，客主同气者，可
逆而治也。异者从之，客主异气者，或从于客，或从于主也。）帝曰∶治寒以热，治热以寒，气相得者逆之，不相得者从
之，余已知之矣；其于正味何如？（五行气化，补泻之味，各有专主，故曰正味。此不特客主之气为然，凡治诸胜复者
皆同。）岐伯曰∶木位之主，其泻以酸，其补以辛。（木之主气，初之气也，在春分前六十日有奇，乃厥阴风木所主之时，
故曰木位之主。木性升，酸则反其性而敛之，故为泻。辛则助其发生之气，故为补。《藏气法时论》曰∶肝欲散，急食辛
以散之，用辛补之，酸泻之。）火位之主，其泻以甘，其补以咸。（火之主气有二∶春分后六十日有奇，少阴君火主之，
二之气也；夏至前后各三十日有奇，少阳相火主之，三之气也。火性烈，甘则反其性而缓之，故为泻。火欲软，咸则顺
其气而软之，故为补。《藏气法时论》曰∶心欲软，急食咸以软之，用咸补之，甘泻之。）土位之主，其泻以苦，其补以
甘。（土之主气，四之气也，在秋分前六十日有奇，乃太阴湿土所主之之时。土性湿，苦则反其性而燥之，故为泻。土欲
缓，甘则顺其气而缓之， 故为补。《藏气法时论》曰∶脾欲缓，急食甘以缓之，用苦泻之，甘补之。）金位之主，其泻以
辛，其补以酸。（金之主气，五之气也，在秋分后六十日有奇，乃阳明燥金所主之时。金性敛，辛则反其性而散之，故为
泻。金欲收，酸则顺其气而收之，故为补。《藏气法时论》曰∶肺欲收，急食酸以收之，用酸补之，辛泻之。）水位之主，
其泻以咸，其补以苦。（水之主气，终之气也，在冬至前后各三十日有奇，乃太阳寒水所主之时。水性凝，咸则反其性而
软之，故为泻。水欲坚，苦则顺其气而坚之，故为补。《藏气法时论》曰∶肾欲坚，急食苦以坚之，用苦补之，咸泻之。）
厥阴之客，以辛补之，以酸泻之，以甘缓之。（客者，客气之为病也。后仿此。厥阴之客。与上文木位之主同其治。而复
曰以甘缓之者，木主肝，《藏气法时论》曰∶肝苦急，急食甘以缓之也。）少阴之客，以咸补之，以甘泻之，以咸收之。（少
阴君火之客，与上文火位之主同其治。以咸收之误也，当作酸。《藏气法时论》曰∶心苦缓，急食酸以收之者，是其义。）
太阴之客，以甘补之，以苦泻之，以甘缓之。（太阴湿土之客，与上文土位之主治同。）少阳之客，以咸补之，以甘泻之，
以咸软之。（少阳相火之客，与上文火位之主，少阴之客治同。但曰以咸软之者，按∶《藏气法时论》曰∶心欲软，急食
咸以软之。虽心非少阳，而君相皆火，故味同也。）阳明之客，以酸补之，以辛泻之，以苦泄之。（阳明燥金之客，与上
文金位之主治同。复言以苦泄之者，金主肺，《藏气法时论》曰∶肺苦气上逆，急食苦以泄之也。）太阳之客，以苦补之，
以咸泻之，以苦坚之，以辛润之，开发腠理，致津液，通气也。（太阳寒水之客，与上文水位之主治同。复曰以辛润之者，
水属肾，如《藏气法时论》曰∶肾苦燥，急食辛以润之也。开发腠理等义，俱与彼同，详疾病类二十四。）帝曰∶善。
（《素问·至真要大论》）
黄帝问道：客气与主气相胜的情况是怎样的？（所谓客，是指天地的六气。所谓主，是指四季的六个时段。前面所说的胜复，都是客气变化引起的，所以这里再次阐明主气的情况。）
（有一张逐年主气客气图，在《图翼》第二卷中。）
岐伯回答说：客气与主气之间，只有胜而没有复。（客气变动而变化，主气静止而恒定，气强则胜，时节过去就停止，所以只是以盛衰相互克制而没有复气。）
黄帝问道：其中的逆乱情况是怎样的？
岐伯回答说：主气胜客气为逆，客气胜主气为从，这是自然的规律。（客气执行天的命令，运动不停息；主气守住自己的位置，只奉行天命。如果主气胜了客气，就违背了天的命令，导致天气不能运行，所以称为逆。如果客气胜了主气，就是以上临下，政令才能颁布，所以称为从。）
黄帝问道：它们致病的情况是怎样的？
岐伯回答说：厥阴司天时，客气胜则出现耳鸣、震颤眩晕，严重时会咳嗽；主气胜则出现胸胁疼痛，舌强言语困难。（初气到三气，由天气主事。巳年和亥年厥阴司天，以风木之客气，加临于厥阴、少阴、少阳之主气之上。如果客气胜，则木气上动而风邪盛，所以耳鸣震颤眩晕，严重时就会咳嗽。如果主气胜，则火挟带木邪，在相火则为胸胁痛，因为那是心包所居之处；在君火则为舌难言，因为心开窍于舌。）
少阴司天时，客气胜则出现鼻塞喷嚏，颈项强直，肩背闷热，头痛少气，发热耳聋，眼睛昏花，严重时会出现浮肿和出血，疮疡咳嗽气喘；主气胜则出现心中烦热烦躁，严重时胁痛支撑胀满。（子年和午年少阴司天，以君火之客气，加临于木、火三气之主气之上。客气胜则火在上焦，所以热在头项肌表。主气胜则火木成为邪气，所以心肝二经发病。瞀音务，意为闷。）
太阴司天时，客气胜则头面浮肿，呼吸气喘；主气胜则胸腹胀满，吃完饭后感到头晕目眩。（丑年和未年太阴司天，以湿土之客气，加临于木、火之主气之上。客气胜则湿热上升，所以头面浮肿而喘。主气胜则风热侵脾，所以胸腹胀满，食后头晕。）
少阳司天时，客气胜则发生丹疹外发，以及丹毒疮疡，呕吐呃逆，喉痹，头痛咽喉肿痛，耳聋出血，体内出现抽搐；主气胜则胸满咳嗽仰面呼吸，严重时甚至咳血、手足发热。（寅年和申年少阳司天，以相火之客气，加临于木、火之主气之上。客主互相胜负，火在上焦，所以出现这样的热病。胗同疹。 音飘、标。螈 音翅纵。按：下文说痉强拘螈，可知螈为拘挛， 为弛纵。）
阳明司天时，若清肃之气复盛而有余于内，则出现咳嗽、鼻衄、咽喉阻塞，心胸膈间发热，咳嗽不止且吐出白沫样血液的会死亡。（卯年和酉年阳明司天，以燥金之客气，加临于木、火之主气之上。金居火位，则客气不胜主气，所以不讲客主之胜。然而阳明以清肃为政令，如果清气复盛而有余于内，则热邪随之而来，所以出现咳嗽、鼻衄、咽喉阻塞等证，这都是肺金受伤。肺伤至极则吐出白血，大概是因为血枯竭于肺，化为白涎白液，涎液虽白，实由血化生，所以说吐出白血的会死。）
太阳司天时，客气胜则胸中不畅，流出清鼻涕，感受寒邪则咳嗽；主气胜则咽喉中有鸣响。（辰年和戌年太阳司天，以寒水之客气，加临于木、火之主气之上。客气胜则寒气在上，所以胸中不畅，流涕而咳。主气胜则火被寒覆盖，所以阳气欲达而咽喉鸣响。）
厥阴在泉时，客气胜则大关节不利，体内出现痉挛强直拘挛，体外表现为行动不便；主气胜则筋骨摇动并拢，腰腹时常疼痛。（四气尽终气，由地气主事。寅年和申年厥阴在泉，以风木之客气，加临于太阴、阳明、太阳之主气之上。客气胜或主气胜，都是因为木居于土、金、水之乡，肝木受制于下，所以出现关节不利，痉挛强直拘挛，筋骨等病。繇同摇。并，指挛束不开。）
少阴在泉时，客气胜则腰痛，尻、股、膝、髀、足部患病，头晕闷热伴酸痛，浮肿不能久立，小便异常；主气胜则厥气上行，心痛发热，膈中不适，各种痹症发作，发于胁部，汗出不藏，四肢厥冷而起。（卯年和酉年少阴在泉，以君火之客气，加临于土、金、水之主气之上。客气胜则腰尻下部疼痛、发热、小便改变，是因为火居阴分。出现浮肿不能久立，是因为火在太阴，脾主肌肉四肢。主气胜则君火受制于群阴，所以出现厥气上行，心痛发热等疾病。魄汗，即阴汗。四逆，即厥冷。《脉要精微论》说：阴气有余则多汗身寒。说的就是这个意思。）
太阴在泉时，客气胜则足痿无力下垂，大小便不定时，湿气客居下焦，发作而为濡泻，以及出现肿胀和隐曲部位的疾病；主气胜则寒气上逆胀满，饮食不下，严重时形成疝气。（辰年和戌年太阴在泉，以湿土之客气，加临于金、水之主气之上。客气胜而出现足痿下垂等疾病，是湿挟阴邪在下。主气胜而出现寒气上逆胀满、饮食不下，是寒水侮土伤脾。严重时形成疝气，即隐曲部位的疾病。前阴部位，是太阴阳明所合，寒湿居之，所以出现这些证候。）
少阳在泉时，客气胜则腰腹痛反而恶寒，严重时小便色白如溺；主气胜则热反上行而客于心，心痛发热，格拒于中而呕吐，症状与少阴相同。（巳年和亥年少阳在泉，以相火之客气，加临于上金水之主气之上。客气胜则火居阴分，所以下焦热、腰腹痛而恶寒下白。主气胜则阴盛格阳，所以热反上行，心痛发热，格拒于中而呕吐。少阳少阴皆属火，所以症状相同。）
阳明在泉时，客气胜则清寒之气动于下，少腹坚硬胀满且频繁便泻；主气胜则腰重腹痛，少腹生寒，下部大便稀溏，寒气厥逆于肠，上冲胸中，严重时气喘不能久立。（子年和午岁阳明在泉，以燥金之客气，加临于土、金、水之主气之上。客气胜则清寒之气动于下焦，所以少腹坚硬胀满而便泻。主气胜则寒侵金脏，所以在下在肠腹则为腰重腹痛、大便稀溏寒厥，上于肺经则冲于胸中，严重时气喘不能久立也。 ，音木、务，指鸭。）
太阳在泉时，若寒气复盛而有余于内，则腰尻疼痛，屈伸不利，大腿、小腿、足、膝盖中疼痛。（丑年和未年太阳在泉，以寒水之客气，加临于金、水之主气之上。水居水位，所以不讲客主之胜。重阴气盛，所以寒气复盛而有余，导致腰尻股胫足膝中疼痛。）
黄帝道：好。如何治疗呢？（治疗客主之胜的方法。）
岐伯回答说：气高者抑制它，气下者升举它。有余者折损它，不足者补益它，辅以有利的方法，调和适宜的药性，必须安定其主客关系，适应其寒温变化，客主同气者逆治，客主异气者顺治。（气高者抑制它，是想让它下降。气下者升举它，是想让它上升。有余者折损它，是攻伐其实邪。不足者补益它，是培补其虚损。辅以有利的方法，是顺应其升降浮沉。调和适宜的药性，是斟酌其气味的厚薄浓淡。安定其主客，是审察强弱来调治。适应其寒温，是用寒药避开寒时，用温药避开温时。客主同气者逆治，指客主同气，可以逆其性而治。客主异气者顺治，指客主异气，或顺从客气，或顺从主气。）
黄帝道：治寒用热药，治热用寒药，气相得的逆治，气不相得的顺治，我已经知道了；至于正味是怎样的呢？（五行气化，补泻的味道，各有专门的主管，所以叫正味。这不仅仅客气主气是这样，凡是治疗各种胜复的情况都相同。）
岐伯回答说：木位之主气，用酸味泻它，用辛味补它。（木的主气，是初之气，在春分前六十多天，是厥阴风木主事的时期，所以叫木位之主。木性升发，酸味则反向收敛它的性质，所以作为泻法。辛味则助长其发生之气，所以作为补法。《藏气法时论》说：肝喜疏散，急食辛味以疏散它，用辛味补它，酸味泻它。）
火位之主气，用甘味泻它，用咸味补它。（火的主气有两种：春分后六十多天，少阴君火主事，是二之气；夏至前后各三十多天，少阳相火主事，是三之气。火性猛烈，甘味则反向缓和它的性质，所以作为泻法。火性欲软，咸味则顺应其气使其柔软，所以作为补法。《藏气法时论》说：心欲软，急食咸味以软化它，用咸味补它，甘味泻它。）
土位之主气，用苦味泻它，用甘味补它。（土的主气，是四之气，在秋分前六十多天，是太阴湿土主事的时期。土性湿，苦味则反向燥化它的性质，所以作为泻法。土性欲缓，甘味则顺应其气使其缓和，所以作为补法。《藏气法时论》说：脾欲缓，急食甘味以缓和它，用苦味泻它，甘味补它。）
金位之主气，用辛味泻它，用酸味补它。（金的主气，是五之气，在秋分后六十多天，是阳明燥金主事的时期。金性收敛，辛味则反向发散它的性质，所以作为泻法。金性欲收，酸味则顺应其气使其收敛，所以作为补法。《藏气法时论》说：肺欲收，急食酸味以收敛它，用酸味补它，辛味泻它。）
水位之主气，用咸味泻它，用苦味补它。（水的主气，是终之气，在冬至前后各三十多天，是太阳寒水主事的时期。水性凝滞，咸味则反向软化它的性质，所以作为泻法。水性欲坚，苦味则顺应其气使其坚固，所以作为补法。《藏气法时论》说：肾欲坚，急食苦味以坚固它，用苦味补它，咸味泻它。）
厥阴之客气，用辛味补它，用酸味泻它，用甘味缓急。（客气，指客气致病。后面仿照此例。厥阴之客气，与上文木位之主气的治法相同。又说用甘味缓急，是因为木对应肝，《藏气法时论》说：肝苦急，急食甘味以缓急。）
少阴之客气，用咸味补它，用甘味泻它，用酸味收敛。（少阴君火之客气，与上文火位之主气治法相同。原文“以咸收之”有误，应当作“以酸收之”。《藏气法时论》说：心苦缓，急食酸味以收敛它，就是这个意思。）
太阴之客气，用甘味补它，用苦味泻它，用甘味缓急。（太阴湿土之客气，与上文土位之主气治法相同。）
少阳之客气，用咸味补它，用甘味泻它，用咸味软化。（少阳相火之客气，与上文火位之主气、少阴之客气治法相同。但说用咸味软化，按：《藏气法时论》说：心欲软，急食咸味以软化它。虽然心不属于少阳，但君火相火皆属火，所以味道相同。）
阳明之客气，用酸味补它，用辛味泻它，用苦味泄降。（阳明燥金之客气，与上文金位之主气治法相同。再说用苦味泄降，是因为金对应肺，《藏气法时论》说：肺苦气上逆，急食苦味以泄降它。）
太阳之客气，用苦味补它，用咸味泻它，用苦味坚固它，用辛味滋润它，开发腠理，通达津液，通行气机。（太阳寒水之客气，与上文水位之主气治法相同。再说用辛味滋润，是因为水对应肾，如《藏气法时论》说：肾苦燥，急食辛味以滋润它。开发腠理等含义，都与彼处相同，详见疾病类二十四。）
黄帝道：好。
(Suwen: Zhensuo Yao Dalun)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How do the winning and losing relationships between Guest Qi (Ke Qi, external pathogenic factors related to seasonal changes) and Host Qi (Zhu Qi, the constant six phases of the year) manifest? (Guest refers to the Six Qi of Heaven and Earth. Host refers to the Six Steps of the Four Seasons. The winning and losing mentioned earlier all refer to changes in Guest Qi; thus, this section clarifies Host Qi.)
(There is a chart of annual Host and Guest Qi in Volume 2 of Tu Yi.)
Qibo replied: Between Guest Qi and Host Qi, there is winning but no retaliating loss. (Guest Qi moves and changes, while Host Qi remains static and constant. When one Qi is stronger, it wins; when the time passes, it ends. Therefore, it is merely mutual overcoming based on prosperity and decline, without retaliation.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: What constitutes the adverse (reverse) situation?
Qibo replied: When Host Qi overcomes Guest Qi, it is adverse; when Guest Qi overcomes Host Qi, it is compliant. This is the Way of Heaven. (Guest Qi executes the commands of Heaven, moving ceaselessly. Host Qi guards its position, only obeying the mandate of Heaven. If Host Qi overcomes Guest Qi, it violates the mandate of Heaven, preventing Heavenly Qi from functioning, hence it is adverse. If Guest Qi overcomes Host Qi, it is superior imposing upon inferior, allowing orders to be issued, hence it is compliant.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How do they cause disease?
Qibo replied: When Jueyin governs the sky (Si and Hai years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include tinnitus, tremors, and vertigo; severely, coughing occurs. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include chest and hypochondriac pain, and difficulty speaking due to tongue stiffness. (From the First Phase to the Third Phase, Heavenly Qi governs. In Si and Hai years, Jueyin governs the sky. With Wind-Wood as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Jueyin, Shaoyin, and Shaoyang: If Guest Qi wins, Wood Qi moves upward and Wind Pathogen becomes abundant, causing tinnitus, tremors, and vertigo; severely, coughing results. If Host Qi wins, Fire carries Wood Pathogen. In Xiang Huo (Ministerial Fire), it causes chest and hypochondriac pain, as this is the residence of the Pericardium; in Jun Huo (Monarch Fire), it causes difficulty speaking, as the Heart opens into the tongue.)
When Shaoyin governs the sky (Wu and Zi years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include nasal congestion and sneezing, neck and nape stiffness, shoulder and back heat, headache, shortness of breath, fever, deafness, and eye dimness; severely, edema and bleeding occur, along with sores, ulcers, cough, and wheezing. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include heart heat, irritability, and severe cases involve flank pain and distension. (In Wu and Zi years, Shaoyin governs the sky. With Monarch Fire as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Wood and Fire: If Guest Qi wins, Fire is in the Upper Jiao, so heat resides in the head, neck, and muscle surface. If Host Qi wins, Fire and Wood become pathogens, causing disease in the Heart and Liver meridians. "Mu" means oppression.)
When Taiyin governs the sky (Chou and Wei years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include swelling of the head and face, and respiratory distress/wheezing. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include chest and abdominal fullness, and dizziness after eating. (In Chou and Wei years, Taiyin governs the sky. With Damp-Earth as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Wood and Fire: If Guest Qi wins, Damp-Heat rises, causing facial edema and wheezing. If Host Qi wins, Wind-Heat invades the Spleen, causing chest/abdominal fullness and postprandial dizziness.)
When Shaoyang governs the sky (Yin and Shen years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include erythema and rashes erupting externally, carbuncles and sores, vomiting and hiccuping, throat obstruction, headache, throat swelling, deafness, bleeding, and internal convulsions. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include chest fullness, coughing, orthopnea, and severely, hemoptysis and hot hands. (In Yin and Shen years, Shaoyang governs the sky. With Ministerial Fire as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Wood and Fire: Mutual winning between Guest and Host places Fire in the Upper Jiao, resulting in such heat diseases. "Zhen" is synonymous with rash. "Chou" refers to spasms. According to the text below, "Jing Qiang Ju Chou" indicates that "Chou" refers to spasm and "Song" refers to flaccidity.)
When Yangming governs the sky (Mao and You years), if Clear Qi recurs and remains excessive internally, symptoms include cough, epistaxis, throat obstruction, heat in the chest and diaphragm; if coughing persists and white blood-like fluid is expectorated, death ensues. (In Mao and You years, Yangming governs the sky. With Dry Metal as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Wood and Fire: Metal occupies the Fire position, so Guest Qi does not overcome Host Qi, hence winning/losing is not discussed. However, Yangming governs with clarity and purity. If Clear Qi recurs and is excessive internally, Heat Pathogen follows, causing cough, epistaxis, and throat obstruction, all indicating injury to Lung Metal. Extreme Lung injury leads to expectoration of "white blood," which is actually blood transformed into white saliva/fluid; thus, expectoration of white blood signifies death.)
When Taiyang governs the sky (Chen and Xu years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include chest discomfort, discharge of clear nasal mucus, and cough triggered by cold. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include humming sounds in the throat and pharynx. (In Chen and Xu years, Taiyang governs the sky. With Cold-Water as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Wood and Fire: If Guest Qi wins, Cold Qi is above, causing chest discomfort, runny nose, and cough. If Host Qi wins, Fire is covered by Cold, so Yang Qi attempts to reach out, causing throat humming.)
When Jueyin governs the earth (Yin and Shen years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include immobility of large joints, internal spasms and rigidity, and external inconvenience in movement. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include trembling and binding of sinews and bones, and periodic pain in the waist and abdomen. (From the Fourth Phase to the Final Phase, Earthly Qi governs. In Yin and Shen years, Jueyin governs the earth. With Wind-Wood as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Taiyin, Yangming, and Taiyang: Whether Guest or Host wins, Wood resides in the regions of Earth, Metal, and Water, and Liver Wood is constrained below, causing joint immobility, spasms, rigidity, and sinew/bone diseases. "Yao" is synonymous with trembling. "Bing" means binding and inability to relax.)
When Shaoyin governs the earth (Mao and You years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include lower back pain, diseases of the sacrum, thigh, knee, thigh bone, and foot, dizziness with heat and sourness, edema preventing prolonged standing, and changes in urination. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include rising Jue Qi, heart pain and heat, diaphragmatic oppression, onset of various Bi syndromes, occurring in the flanks, uncontrolled sweating (Po Han), and onset of four extremity reversal (Si Ni). (In Mao and You years, Shaoyin governs the earth. With Monarch Fire as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Earth, Metal, and Water: If Guest Qi wins, pain, heat, and urinary changes in the lower back/sacrum are due to Fire residing in the Yin divisions. Edema preventing standing is due to Fire in Taiyin, where the Spleen governs muscles and limbs. If Host Qi wins, Monarch Fire is constrained by Yin pathogens, causing rising Jue Qi, heart pain, and heat. "Po Han" is Yin sweat. "Si Ni" is cold extremities. The Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun states: Excess Yin leads to profuse sweating and cold body. This refers to that.)
When Taiyin governs the earth (Chen and Xu years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include foot atrophy and heaviness, irregular urination and defecation, Dampness lodging in the Lower Jiao causing damp diarrhea, swelling, and diseases of the hidden/private areas. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include counterflow of Cold Qi with fullness, inability to eat or drink, and severely, hernia. (In Chen and Xu years, Taiyin governs the earth. With Damp-Earth as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Metal and Water: Guest Qi winning causes foot atrophy and heaviness due to Damp carrying Yin pathogens downward. Host Qi winning causes Cold counterflow and fullness due to Cold-Water insulting Earth and injuring the Spleen. Severe cases result in hernia, i.e., diseases of the private area. The anterior orifice is where Taiyin and Yangming combine, occupied by Cold-Damp, hence these conditions.)
When Shaoyang governs the earth (Si and Hai years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include waist and abdominal pain with aversion to cold, and severely, white urine. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include heat reversing upward to lodge in the Heart, causing heart pain and heat, diaphragmatic rejection with vomiting, presenting similarly to Shaoyin. (In Si and Hai years, Shaoyang governs the earth. With Ministerial Fire as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Metal and Water: Guest Qi winning places Fire in the Yin division, causing Lower Jiao heat, waist/abdominal pain, aversion to cold, and white discharge. Host Qi winning causes Yin excess rejecting Yang, so heat reverses upward, causing heart pain, heat, and vomiting. Since both Shaoyang and Shaoyin belong to Fire, their presentations are similar.)
When Yangming governs the earth (Zi and Wu years), if Guest Qi wins, symptoms include movement of Clear/Cold Qi downward, hardness and fullness of the lower abdomen, and frequent loose stools. If Host Qi wins, symptoms include heavy waist and abdominal pain, cold in the lower abdomen, loose stools, Cold-Jue in the intestines, counterflow to the chest, and severely, wheezing preventing prolonged standing. (In Zi and Wu years, Yangming governs the earth. With Dry Metal as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Earth, Metal, and Water: Guest Qi winning moves Clear-Cold Qi in the Lower Jiao, causing lower abdominal hardness/fullness and diarrhea. Host Qi winning allows Cold to invade the Metal Zang, causing heavy waist/abdominal pain and cold loose stools in the intestines, and counterflow to the Lung Meridian/chest, leading to wheezing. "Tu" refers to duck.)
When Taiyang governs the earth (Chou and Wei years), if Cold Qi recurs and remains excessive internally, symptoms include lower back and sacral pain, difficulty flexing and extending, and pain in the thighs, calves, feet, and knees. (In Chou and Wei years, Taiyang governs the earth. With Cold-Water as Guest Qi superimposed on the Host Qi of Metal and Water: Water occupies the Water position, so Guest/Host winning is not discussed. Heavy Yin excess causes Cold to recur internally, leading to pain in the lower back, sacrum, thighs, calves, feet, and knees.)
The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent. How should it be treated? (Treating the winning of Guest and Host.)
Qibo replied: For those high, suppress them; for those low, elevate them. For those excessive, reduce them; for those deficient, tonify them. Assist with what is beneficial, harmonize with what is appropriate. Must stabilize the Host and Guest, adapt to Cold and Warmth. If Guest and Host share the same nature, treat against it; if different, follow it. (Suppressing high aims to descend. Elevating low aims to ascend. Reducing excessive attacks reality. Tonifying deficient nourishes emptiness. Assisting with benefit follows ascending/descending/floating/sinking. Harmonizing with appropriateness considers flavor thickness. Stabilizing Host/Guest assesses strength/weakness. Adapting Cold/Warmth avoids using Cold drugs in Cold times, etc. Treating against same-nature applies when Guest/Host share Qi. Following different-nature applies when Guest/Host differ, following either Guest or Host.)
The Yellow Emperor said: Treating Cold with Heat, treating Heat with Cold, opposing when Qi agrees, following when Qi disagrees—I already know this. What about the "Correct Flavors"? (The flavors of tonification and reduction for Five Elements Qi transformation have specific masters, hence called Correct Flavors. This applies not only to Guest/Host Qi but to all treatments of winning/losing.)
Qibo replied: For the Master of Wood Position, drain with Sour, tonify with Pungent. (Wood's master Qi is the First Phase, before Spring Equinox, governed by Jueyin Wind-Wood. Wood ascends; Sour astringes, hence draining. Pungent aids expansion, hence tonifying. Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Liver desires dispersion, eat Pungent to disperse, use Pungent to tonify, Sour to drain.)
For the Master of Fire Position, drain with Sweet, tonify with Salty. (Fire's master Qi has two: Second Phase (Shaoyin Monarch Fire) and Third Phase (Shaoyang Ministerial Fire). Fire is fierce; Sweet moderates, hence draining. Fire desires softness; Salty softens, hence tonifying. Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Heart desires softness, eat Salty to soften, use Salty to tonify, Sweet to drain.)
For the Master of Earth Position, drain with Bitter, tonify with Sweet. (Earth's master Qi is the Fourth Phase, before Autumn Equinox, governed by Taiyin Damp-Earth. Earth is damp; Bitter dries, hence draining. Earth desires relaxation; Sweet relaxes, hence tonifying. Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Spleen desires relaxation, eat Sweet to relax, use Bitter to drain, Sweet to tonify.)
For the Master of Metal Position, drain with Pungent, tonify with Sour. (Metal's master Qi is the Fifth Phase, after Autumn Equinox, governed by Yangming Dry-Metal. Metal contracts; Pungent disperses, hence draining. Metal desires gathering; Sour gathers, hence tonifying. Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Lung desires gathering, eat Sour to gather, use Sour to tonify, Pungent to drain.)
For the Master of Water Position, drain with Salty, tonify with Bitter. (Water's master Qi is the Final Phase, around Winter Solstice, governed by Taiyang Cold-Water. Water coagulates; Salty softens, hence draining. Water desires firmness; Bitter firms, hence tonifying. Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Kidney desires firmness, eat Bitter to firm, use Bitter to tonify, Salty to drain.)
For the Guest of Jueyin, tonify with Pungent, drain with Sour, soothe with Sweet. (Guest refers to Guest Qi pathology. Jueyin Guest treatment matches Wood Master. Adding Sweet to soothe because Wood corresponds to Liver; Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Liver suffers from urgency, eat Sweet to soothe.)
For the Guest of Shaoyin, tonify with Salty, drain with Sweet, gather with Acid. (Shaoyin Monarch Fire Guest matches Fire Master. "Gather with Salty" is an error; should be "Gather with Acid". Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Heart suffers from laxity, eat Acid to gather.)
For the Guest of Taiyin, tonify with Sweet, drain with Bitter, soothe with Sweet. (Taiyin Damp-Earth Guest matches Earth Master.)
For the Guest of Shaoyang, tonify with Salty, drain with Sweet, soften with Salty. (Shaoyang Ministerial Fire Guest matches Fire Master/Shaoyin Guest. Softening with Salty aligns with Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun regarding Heart/Fire similarity.)
For the Guest of Yangming, tonify with Sour, drain with Pungent, drain downward with Bitter. (Yangming Dry-Metal Guest matches Metal Master. Adding Bitter to drain downward because Metal corresponds to Lung; Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Lung suffers from rebellious Qi, eat Bitter to drain downward.)
For the Guest of Taiyang, tonify with Bitter, drain with Salty, firm with Bitter, moisten with Pungent, open interstices, distribute fluids, and move Qi. (Taiyang Cold-Water Guest matches Water Master. Adding Pungent to moisten because Water corresponds to Kidney; Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun: Kidney suffers from dryness, eat Pungent to moisten. Opening interstices etc. aligns with previous texts.)
The Yellow Emperor said: Excellent.