麻黄散
麻黄（一两半去节，汤泡去黄汁，焙干。秤。） 桂枝（一两削去皴皮。官桂是也。） 甘草（半两
炙） 杏仁（二十粒，汤浸去皮、尖、双仁者。下并同法。）
上锉如麻豆大，每服五钱匕。（匕∶匙也，谓钱作匙抄也。）水一盏半，煎至八分，
滤去滓，温服。（滓∶阻史切，淀也，HT 也。）衣覆以取微汗。或温病身烦痛，小便自利
者，加白术四分微汗之。（每一分二钱半也。）
益元散（一名天水散、一名太白散）
滑石（六两白腻好者） 甘草（一两）
上为细末，每服三钱，蜜少许，温水调下，或无蜜亦可，每日三服，或欲冷冻饮料者，新井泉调下亦
得。解利发汗，煎葱白、豆豉汤下。每服水一盏，葱白五寸，豆豉五十粒，煮取汁七分调，并三、四服以
效为度。此药是寒凉解散热郁，设病甚不解，多服无害，但有益耳。本世传名太白散，俗恶性寒，葱易得之贱
物，而又不明《素问》造化之理，故不取，本草神验之言，而多不用焉。若以随证验之，乃凡人之
仙药也，何可缺欤。夫伤寒当汗则不可下，当下则不可汗，且如误服此药，则汗自不出，而里热亦不
获效，亦有里热便得宣通而愈者也。或半在表、半在里，可和解而不可吐。下、发汗者，若服此药
多愈，或不愈亦小减，加凉膈散和解尤佳。或自当汗解者，更加苍术粗末三钱，同葱、豉煎汤调服尤良。
或孕妇不宜滑石、麻黄、桂枝辈发汗，即用甘草一两、苍术二两同为粗末，每服四钱，水一盏，葱白
五寸、豉五十粒，同煎至六分，滤去滓，热服。并二、三服取微汗，是名逼毒散，非孕妇亦可服。或
太白散、加麻黄二两去节，如法煎服，世云神白散。或逼毒散加麻黄与苍术等分，去节。济众云青龙
散。或青龙散更加滑石末与苍术二倍，是为发汗之妙药，名曰大逼毒散。此方唯正可汗者即用，误
服之则转加热也。或解利两感，煎凉膈调下益元散四钱。
或下乳，用猪肉、面羹、粥、饮、汤之类调下四钱，不拘时候，日三服，及宜食肉、面、羹、粥。
催产，温香油浆调下五钱，并二、三服，以产为度。或死胎不下者，煎三一承气汤一服，调下益
元散五钱，须臾，更频用油浆调益元散温服，前后俱下，而胎下可活产母也。凡难产或死胎不下，
皆由风热燥涩，紧敛结滞而不能舒缓，故产户不得自然开通也。此药力至，则结滞顿开而产矣，后慎不
可温补而反生燥热也。俗未知产后亡液损血，疼痛怖惧，以致神狂气乱，则阴气损虚，邪热太甚而为
诸热证。由不读《素问》，不知造化，故不识证候阴阳，反以妄为产诸虚百损，便为虚冷而无热也，误
以热药温补；或见烦渴者不令饮水，本虽善心为害多矣，岂治病之道。但以临时审其脏腑六气虚实，
明其标本，如法治之而已矣。此药泛常多用，然须为效至大，而俗以病异药同，将谓妄行，反招侮
慢，今以黄丹加令桃红色，名曰红玉散；加青黛令轻碧色，名碧玉散；加薄荷叶
一分，名鸡苏散，主疗不殊，收效则一。俗目懵然，何能别此，可远妄侮，可显玄功，后之学人其究心焉。
桂枝汤
桂枝（去皴） 芍药 甘草（炙等分。三分为率。）
上锉如麻豆大，每服八钱，水一盏半、姜三片、枣三枚擘破，煎至七分，令
去滓温服，续后啜热稀粥，温覆令遍身微汗，或暖也。及初夏可加黄芩一两，名阳旦汤，大热之分及
素有热人，可再加知母半两、石膏一两为末，或更加升麻一分。禁生、冷、粘、滑、肉、面、五辛、
酒、酪、臭物等。桂枝证，反下之，不成结胸及痞，但腹满证在者，本方倍加芍药，大实痛者，更加大
黄半两；脉弱自利者，不加。
桂枝加葛根汤
桂枝 芍药 甘草（各六钱三字） 葛根（一两三钱）
上如桂枝汤服（谓如桂枝汤锉煎服也，下并仿此）。
葛根汤
葛根（一两） 麻黄（泡去黄汁，焙干秤三分。） 桂枝（去皴） 芍药 甘草（炙各半两）
上如桂枝汤服。
大青龙汤
麻黄（如前制） 石膏（为末各三分） 桂枝（一分半） 甘草（炙一分） 杏仁（十枚汤去皮尖双仁）
上锉如麻豆大，抄五钱，水一盏，生姜三片，枣三枚擘破，煎至半盏，滤去
滓，温服，令身汗湿，未润再服。
小青龙汤
麻黄（如前制） 半夏（汤洗） 芍药 细辛 干姜 甘草（炙） 桂枝（去皴各三分） 五味子（二钱）
上锉麻豆大，每服八钱，水一盏半。生姜四片，煎至七分，绞汁温服。渴者去半夏加栝蒌根三
钱。微利去麻黄加芫花弹子大。噎者去麻黄加附子二钱（炮），以开怫热结滞。小便不利，少腹满者，去
麻黄加茯苓四钱。喘者去麻黄加杏仁（制如前法）。此方燥，至温散其水，以润肠胃脏腑之燥，以开发怫热结滞者也。
小柴胡汤
柴胡（去苗秤二两） 黄芩 甘草 人参（各三分） 半夏（六钱泡五七次）
上锉如麻豆大，抄五钱、生姜三片，枣三枚切，煎至半盏，滤去滓，温服，
日三。小儿一服作三服（诸药法同）。
凉膈散（一名连翘饮子）
连翘（一两） 山栀子 大黄 薄荷叶（去毛） 黄芩（各半两） 甘草（一两半） 朴硝（一分）
上为粗末，每服二、三钱，水一盏、蜜少许（或无蜜亦可。旧用竹叶，或亦不须），煎
至七分、滤去滓，温服。热甚者，可服四钱，亦有可服一、二十钱者。治咽喉并涎嗽加桔梗一两、
荆芥穗半两。咳而呕者，本方加半夏半两，每服生姜三片煎。衄、呕血者，加当归、芍药各半两、
生地黄一两。淋者加滑石四两、茯苓一两。风眩者加川芎、防风各半两，石膏三两。酒毒者加葛根一
两。斑疹、痘疮加荆芥穗、赤芍药、川芎、防风、桔梗各半两。三岁儿可服七、八钱；或热甚黑陷、
腹满喘急、小便赤涩而将死者，此一服更加大承气汤，约以下之，得利立苏。
凡言加者，皆自本方加也，但加者每服五、七钱，以意加减调理。两感伤寒，下证前后以退表
里之热者，煎本方四、五钱，调下益元散三、四钱。其本方皆能治此诸证，但加即为效也。
白虎汤
知母（一两半） 甘草（一两炙） 粳米（一合） 石膏（四两为末）
上锉麻豆大，抄五钱，水一盏，煎至六分去滓，温服无时。日三、四服。热甚者服七、八钱至
十余钱。或眩、或呕、或咳者加半夏半两、陈皮半两，每服用生姜三片煎服。或伤寒，发汗不解，
脉浮者，加苍术半两名曰苍术白虎汤。或发汗、或下后，烦渴口干，或脉洪大，或微恶寒者，或不
可下者，或除可者之药外，并宜加人参半两以调之，名人参白虎汤。
五苓散
猪苓（去黑皮） 茯苓 白术（各半两） 桂（去皴一分） 泽泻（一两）
上为细末，每服二、三钱，热汤调下。恶热欲冷冻饮料者，新水调下，或生姜汤
调下愈妙。或加滑石二两。甚或喘，嗽咳，烦心不得眠者，更加阿胶半两炮。
桂苓甘露饮（一名桂苓白术散）
桂（半两） 茯苓 白术（各半两） 甘草（炙） 泽泻 石膏 寒水石（各一两） 滑石（
二两制如前）
上为极细末，热汤调下三钱。欲冷冻饮料者，新水调下，或生姜汤调下尤良。小儿服一钱。
白术散
白术 茯苓（去皮） 人参 藿香叶（净各半两） 甘草（炙一两半） 木香（一分） 葛根（一两）
上为细末，白汤调下三钱。若烦渴者加滑石二两。病甚者为粗末，每服一两
半，水一大升，煎至七合，绞汁放冷，从意续续饮之。小儿尤宜。
四逆汤
甘草（炙） 干姜（各一分） 附子（半个，生，去皮、脐）
凡用附子，以半两重者佳，小者力弱，大者性恶，非称处方之宜也。世皆美
其大者，未知古人之有则也。
上锉麻豆大，用水两盏，煮至一盏，绞汁分温二服。强实人二剂作三服。或
蓄热极深者，手足厥冷，则不宜此方，当以下之也。
茯苓半夏汤
茯苓（去皮） 生姜（取汁各一分） 半夏（一钱）
上锉麻豆大，用水一盏，煎至四分，绞汁，下姜汁，温服。
半夏橘皮汤
半夏（炮如法） 陈皮（汤浸洗去穣） 甘草（炙） 人参 茯苓 黄芩（去腐心，各一分） 葛根（半
两） 浓朴（去皮，各一分）
上锉麻豆大，用水三盏，生姜一分切，煎至一盏半，绞取汁，分四服，作一
日，食后温服。
黄连解毒汤
黄连（去须） 黄柏 黄芩 大栀子（各半两）
上锉麻豆大，每服秤半两，水一茶盏，煎至四分，绞取汁温服，无时，日三、四以效为度。每一、
二服效。或腹满呕吐，或欲作利者，每服加半夏三枚全用，浓朴二钱锉，茯苓去皮锉，水一盏半，生
姜三片，煎至半盏，绞汁温服，名曰半夏黄连解毒汤。或欲急下者，本方加大承气汤一服，生姜煎，如
前法，以利为度。一法为细末，水研如小豆大，温水下二十丸，治积热、劳咳、泻痢甚良。
瓜蒂散
瓜蒂 赤小豆（等分）
上为细末，以香豉半合（豆豉也），水一盏半，煮取汁半盏，调下一钱匕。不吐加服，
得快吐乃止。虚人不宜。
大柴胡汤
柴胡（去苗秤） 大黄（各半两） 黄芩 芍药（各一分） 半夏（二钱） 枳实（三钱，生用，小者是也。）
枳实不去穣，为效甚速。下并同。
上锉麻豆大，分作三服，每服水一盏、生姜三片、枣三枚，煎至半盏，绞取汁温服。未利再服。
大承气汤
大黄 芒硝（朴硝有芒头者亦得） 浓朴（去皴） 枳实（各半两）
加甘草一两，是名三一承气汤。
上锉麻豆大，分一半，用水一盏半、生姜三片，煎至六分，纳硝煎一、二沸，绞去滓，热服。
凡煎药须慢火，煎沸即下火为一沸。或言煎至几分，亦如此法。煎不可强火耗去其水也。
凡病热郁甚而冷服寒药，则病能拒药，多不能下。故经曰∶寒因热用。未利再服，热甚者，此
一剂分大半作一服，未利再服少半。热更甚者，一剂都作一服。热势甚者，亦可并此二剂为一服（剂∶分
剂，一剂为一料），方得利而效者，临时消息以利为度（消息谓损益多少也）。
凡用药多少，仿于此耳。
小承气汤
大黄（半两） 浓朴（三钱） 枳实（三钱）
上锉如麻豆大，作二服，每服用水一盏、生姜三片，煎至半盏，绞取汁热服，未利再服。或微下者，
一剂分作二服。或和胃气，不欲利者，一剂分为四、五服。
调胃承气汤
甘草 大黄 芒硝（各半两）
上锉如麻豆大，分一半，用水一大盏，煎至半盏，绞去滓，纳硝煎一、二沸热服。不利再服。
十枣汤
芫花（慢火炒变色） 大戟 甘遂（各等分）
上为散（细末），用水一盏、肥枣十枚切开，煮取汁半盏，调下半钱匕。强实人服一钱匕，
以意加减快利为度。
桃仁承气汤
桃仁（汤去皮、尖、双仁，用板锤碎原缺分量） 芒硝（半两） 大黄（六钱） 桂（去皴皮） 甘草（各三钱）
上锉如麻豆大，分作三服，每服用水一盏，煎至半盏，下硝绞取汁热服，日三。以微利为度。
抵当丸
水蛭（炒） 虻虫（炒各七枚） 桃仁（八粒） 大黄（一钱）
上为细末，蜜和作二丸，用水一小盏，煮一丸，至六分温服。 时，血未下者再服。
抵当汤
水蛭（炒） 虻虫（炒去翅、足，各十枚） 桃仁（七枚） 大黄（一钱）
上锉如麻豆大，分作二服，每用水一盏，煮半盏，绞去滓温服。未下再服（蛭，之吉、丁结二
切，水虮也。虻，莫庚切）
茵陈汤
茵陈蒿（去茎一两，一名山茵陈） 川大黄（半两） 山栀子（七枚，小者十枚）
上锉如麻豆大，用水两盏半，慢火煮至一盏，绞取汁温服六分。未利再服四分，以利为度。势
甚者作一服，未利再作，以意加减，当下如烂鱼肚及脓血胶膘等物，及小便多出金色如皂角汁。或见
证将欲发黄者，此一剂分作四服，每服调下五苓散三钱。凡治发黄无越此法也。
世俗有传烙黄而或愈者。此强实之人，素本中气不衰；而及湿势郁之微者，烙之，而误中强劫，
开发得开，气血宣通，即作汗而愈。或体质本虚，湿热结甚，
则劫发不开，而反致死者，不为少矣。莫若仲景法，对证以药致之，则免致强劫不开，而反误人生命
也。及夫近世妄传，有寒极阴黄，而内、外极救其阳，为害多矣。设若病微，而误中开发得愈，亦已鲜
矣。而伤生者，不可胜言也。大抵凡诸黄者有二∶一则湿热气而黄，万物皆然。又如麦秀而 雨湿热
过极，则黄胆者也；及水涝而天气湿热，则草木将死，而色变黄者也；或病血液衰则虚，燥热太
甚，而身面痿黄者，犹亢旱而草木萎黄也。夫病燥热而黄者，当退热、润燥而已。此伤寒湿热极甚，
而发黄者，开结退热，双利大、小腑以除水湿，则利和而愈也。（ ，于林切，今作阴）
结胸而发黄者，同陷胸汤各半服，下之。或误服巴豆热毒丸药下之，反损阴气，遂协热利不止而发黄者，
Mahuang San (Ephedra Powder)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (1.5 liang, remove nodes, soak in boiling water to remove yellow juice, dry by baking, then weigh.) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (1 liang, scrape off rough bark. This is Guigui.) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (0.5 liang, honey-fried.) Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) (20 grains, soak in hot water, remove skin and tip, those with two kernels. The following herbs are processed similarly.)
The above are cut into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 5 qianbi (a spoonful measured by a copper coin). Add 1.5 sheng of water, decoct until 0.8 sheng remains, filter out dregs, and take warm. Cover with clothing to induce slight sweating. If it is a Warm Disease causing bodily restlessness and pain with free urination, add Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 4 fen to induce slight sweating. (Each fen equals 2.5 qian.)
Yiyuan San (Benefit Essence Powder) (Also known as Tianshui San or Taibai San)
Talcum (Huashi, 滑石) (6 liang, select white and fine quality.) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 liang)
The above are ground into fine powder. Each dose is 3 qian, mixed with a little honey and taken with warm water; if no honey is available, it is also acceptable. Take three times daily. If cold drinks are desired, mix with fresh well water. To release the exterior and induce sweating, take with Scallion White and Fermented Soybean Decoction. For each dose, use 1 sheng of water, 5 cun of Scallion White, and 50 grains of Fermented Soybean, boil to obtain 0.7 sheng of juice for mixing. Take 3-4 doses, stopping when effective. This medicine is cooling and resolves heat stagnation. Even if the disease is severe and not resolved, taking more is harmless and beneficial. It was traditionally named Taibai San. People dislike its cold nature, considering Scallion White a cheap and easily obtained item, and failing to understand the principles of creation in *Suwen* (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Basic Treatises), they do not adopt it, ignoring the miraculous efficacy recorded in Materia Medica. If verified according to syndromes, it is truly a celestial medicine for ordinary people, how can it be omitted? In Cold Damage, if sweating is indicated, purgation must not be used; if purgation is indicated, sweating must not be used. If this medicine is mistakenly taken, sweat will not occur, and interior heat will not be relieved, though there are cases where interior heat is vented and recovery occurs. If the pathogen is half-exterior and half-interior, harmonization is suitable while emesis is contraindicated. For those requiring purgation or sweating, taking this medicine often leads to cure or mild relief; adding Liangge San (Cool the Upper Jiao Powder) for harmonization is especially good. If sweating is naturally indicated, adding 3 qian of coarse Cangaosu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) and taking with Scallion and Fermented Soybean decoction is excellent. Pregnant women should avoid sweating agents like Huashi, Mahuang, and Guizhi. Instead, use Gancao (1 liang) and Cangzhu (2 liang) as coarse powder. Each dose is 4 qian, with 1 sheng of water, 5 cun of Scallion White, and 50 grains of Douchi, decocted to 0.6 sheng, filtered, and taken hot. Take 2-3 doses to induce slight sweating; this is called Bidu San (Force Out Poison Powder), which non-pregnant women may also take. Alternatively, add 2 liang of Mahuang (removed nodes) to Taibai San, decocted as directed; this is called Shenbai San (Divine White Powder) in the world. Or add Mahuang equal parts to Cangzhu in Bidu San, removed nodes; Jizhong Shu calls it Qinglong San (Azure Dragon Powder). Adding twice the amount of Talcum powder to Cangzhu in Qinglong San creates a wonderful sweating medicine called Dabidu San (Great Force Out Poison Powder). This formula is only for those who truly need sweating; mistaken use will worsen fever. For Harmonizing Shaoyang and Taiyang simultaneous involvement (Lianggan), decoct Liangge San and mix with 4 qian of Yiyuan San.
For lactation promotion, take 4 qian mixed with pork, noodle soup, porridge, beverages, or soups, at any time, three times daily, along with a diet of meat, noodles, soups, and porridge.
For inducing labor, take 5 qian mixed with warm sesame oil slurry, 2-3 doses, stopping after delivery. For retained dead fetus, decoct one dose of Sanyi Chengqi Tang, mix with 5 qian of Yiyuan San. Shortly after, frequently take Yiyuan San mixed with oil slurry warm. Once both bowels and uterus are unblocked, the fetus can be delivered alive and the mother saved. All difficult labors or retained dead fetuses are due to wind-heat, dryness, and astringency causing stagnation and inability to relax, preventing natural opening of the birth canal. When this medicine acts, stagnation opens instantly, leading to delivery. Afterwards, strictly avoid warming tonification which would generate dryness-heat. Laypeople do not know that postpartum fluid loss and blood damage, pain, and fear lead to mental agitation and qi chaos, damaging yin qi and causing excessive pathogenic heat resulting in various heat syndromes. Because they do not read *Suwen* and do not understand natural laws, they fail to recognize syndrome yin-yang, wrongly assuming all postpartum conditions are deficiency-cold without heat, and mistakenly using warming tonics. Or seeing thirst, they forbid drinking water, doing harm despite good intentions; this is not the way to treat disease. One must temporarily examine the excess/deficiency of zang-fu and six qi, clarify root and branch, and treat accordingly. This medicine is commonly used but must be highly effective. Laypeople, seeing different diseases treated with the same medicine, think it arbitrary and show disrespect. Now, adding Minium (Huangdan) to make it peach-red creates Hongyu San (Red Jade Powder); adding Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) to make it light blue creates Biyu San (Jade Powder); adding 1 fen of Boheye (Menthae Haplocalycis Folium) creates Jisu San (Chicken Su Powder). Their treatments are similar, and efficacy is identical. Laypeople are ignorant and cannot distinguish them, avoiding arrogance and revealing profound merit. Future students should study this carefully.
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction)
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (remove rough bark) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried, equal parts. Ratio based on three parts.)
Cut into hemp seed size. Each dose is 8 qian, with 1.5 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 3 Zao (Jujubae Fructus) broken open. Decoct to 0.7 sheng, filter, and take warm. Follow with hot thin rice gruel, cover warmly to induce whole-body slight sweating. In early summer, add Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 1 liang, named Yangdan Tang. For severe heat or those with chronic internal heat, add Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) 0.5 liang and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 1 liang ground, or add Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) 1 fen. Contraindications: raw, cold, sticky, slippery foods, meat, noodles, five pungent spices, alcohol, dairy, and foul-smelling foods. If Guizhi syndrome is treated with purgation incorrectly, it does not form Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) or Pi (Glomus), but abdominal fullness persists. Use the original formula doubling Baishao; for severe solid pain, add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 0.5 liang; if pulse is weak with spontaneous diarrhea, do not add.
Guizhi Jia Gegen Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction plus Kudzu Root)
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (each 6 qian 3 zhu) Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (1 liang 3 qian)
Decoct and take as per Guizhi Tang method (as described below).
Gegen Tang (Kudzu Root Decoction)
Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (1 liang) Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (soak to remove yellow juice, dry by baking, weigh 3 fen.) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (remove rough bark) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried, each 0.5 liang)
Decoct and take as per Guizhi Tang method.
Da Qinglong Tang (Major Azure Dragon Decoction)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (processed as before) Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (ground, each 3 fen) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (1.5 fen) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried, 1 fen) Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) (10 grains, soaked, skin and tip removed, two-kernel)
Cut into hemp seed size. Take 5 qian, with 1 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 3 Zao (Jujubae Fructus) broken open. Decoct to 0.5 sheng, filter, and take warm. Induce sweating until body is moist; if not moist, take again.
Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Azure Dragon Decoction)
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) (processed as before) Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) (washed in hot water) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, 细辛) Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang, 干姜) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) (remove rough bark, each 3 fen) Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子) (2 qian)
Cut into hemp seed size. Each dose is 8 qian, with 1.5 sheng of water. Add 4 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct to 0.7 sheng, squeeze juice, and take warm. If thirsty, remove Banxia and add Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) 3 qian. If slight diarrhea, remove Mahuang and add Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos) the size of a bean. If choking sensation, remove Mahuang and add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 2 qian (prepared) to open stagnant heat. If difficulty urinating and lower abdominal fullness, remove Mahuang and add Fuling (Poria) 4 qian. If wheezing, remove Mahuang and add Xingren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae) (processed as before). This formula is drying and extremely warming to dissipate water, moistening the dryness of intestines and viscera, and opening stagnant heat.
Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (remove sprouts, weigh 2 liang) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) (each 3 fen) Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) (6 qian, soaked 5-7 times)
Cut into hemp seed size. Take 5 qian, with 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and 3 sliced Zao (Jujubae Fructus). Decoct to 0.5 sheng, filter, and take warm, three times daily. For children, divide one dose into three servings (other herb methods are the same).
Liangge San (Cool the Upper Jiao Powder) (Also known as Lianqiao Yinzi)
Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao, 连翘) (1 liang) Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, 山栀子) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) Menthae Haplocalycis Folium (Boheye, 薄荷叶) (remove hairs) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (each 0.5 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1.5 liang) Natrii Sulfas (Pu Xiao, 朴硝) (1 fen)
Make into coarse powder. Each dose is 2-3 qian, with 1 sheng of water and a little honey (or no honey is okay. Old texts use Zhuye (Phyllostachys Viridis Folium), which is optional). Decoct to 0.7 sheng, filter, and take warm. For severe heat, take 4 qian; some may take 10-20 qian. For sore throat and phlegm cough, add Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) 1 liang and Jingjiesui (Perillae Calyx) 0.5 liang. For cough with vomiting, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 0.5 liang to the base formula, decoct with 3 slices of Shengjiang per dose. For epistaxis and hematemesis, add Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) each 0.5 liang, and Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) 1 liang. For strangury, add Huashi (Talcum) 4 liang and Fuling (Poria) 1 liang. For wind vertigo, add Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) each 0.5 liang, and Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 3 liang. For alcohol toxicity, add Gegen (Puerariae Radix) 1 liang. For macules, papules, and smallpox, add Jingjiesui (Perillae Calyx), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), and Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) each 0.5 liang. Three-year-old children can take 7-8 qian. If heat is severe with black depression, abdominal fullness, wheezing, urgent breathing, red scanty urine, and impending death, add Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) to this dose to purge downward; upon obtaining stool, the patient will revive immediately.
"Add" refers to adding to the base formula. When added, each dose is 5-7 qian, adjusted according to judgment. For Lianggan Cold Damage with purgation indications to clear exterior-interior heat, decoct 4-5 qian of the base formula and mix with 3-4 qian of Yiyuan San. The base formula treats these syndromes, but adding ingredients increases efficacy.
Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction)
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu, 知母) (1.5 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (1 liang, honey-fried) Oryza Sativa (Jingmi, 粳米) (1 he) Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) (4 liang, ground)
Cut into hemp seed size. Take 5 qian, with 1 sheng of water, decoct to 0.6 sheng, filter, and take warm at any time. Take 3-4 times daily. For severe heat, take 7-8 qian up to 10+ qian. If dizzy, vomiting, or coughing, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 0.5 liang and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 0.5 liang, decoct with 3 slices of Shengjiang per dose. If Cold Damage, sweating fails to resolve, and pulse is floating, add Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 0.5 liang, named Cangzhu Baihu Tang. If after sweating or purgation, there is restlessness, thirst, dry mouth, surging pulse, slight aversion to cold, or purgation is contraindicated, or besides purgative medicines, add Renshen (Ginseng Radix) 0.5 liang to regulate, named Renshen Baihu Tang.
Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria)
Polyporus (Zuling, 猪苓) (remove black skin) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (each 0.5 liang) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Gui, 桂) (remove rough bark, 1 fen) Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie, 泽泻) (1 liang)
Grind into fine powder. Each dose is 2-3 qian, taken with hot water. If averse to heat and desiring cold drinks, take with fresh water or ginger tea for better effect. Can add Huashi (Talcum) 2 liang. If severe wheezing, cough, vexation, and insomnia, add Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla) 0.5 liang (prepared).
Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cinnamon, Poria, and Sweet Dew Drink) (Also known as Guiling Baizhu San)
Cinnamomi Ramulus (Gui, 桂) (0.5 liang) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) (each 0.5 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried) Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie, 泽泻) Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) Arsenosi Trioxidum (Han Shuishi, 寒水石) (each 1 liang) Talcum (Huashi, 滑石) (2 liang, processed as before)
Grind into very fine powder. Take 3 qian mixed with hot water. For cold drinks, mix with fresh water or ginger tea, which is especially good. Children take 1 qian.
Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder)
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (remove skin) Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) Agastaches Herba (Huoxiangye, 藿香叶) (cleaned, each 0.5 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried, 1.5 liang) Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (Muxiang, 木香) (1 fen) Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (1 liang)
Grind into fine powder. Take 3 qian mixed with plain boiled water. If restless and thirsty, add Huashi (Talcum) 2 liang. For severe illness, make into coarse powder. Each dose is 1.5 liang, with 1 large sheng of water, decoct to 7 he, squeeze juice, let cool, and drink continuously as desired. Especially suitable for children.
Sini Tang (Reverse Cooling Decoction)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried) Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang, 干姜) (each 1 fen) Aconiti Lateralis Radix (Fuzi, 附子) (half a piece, raw, remove skin and navel)
When using Fuzi, pieces weighing half a liang are best; small ones are weak in power, large ones have harsh properties, neither being suitable for prescription. People praise large ones, unaware of ancient standards.
Cut into hemp seed size. Use 2 sheng of water, boil to 1 sheng, squeeze juice, and divide into two warm doses. Strong individuals take two doses divided into three servings. For extreme deep heat retention with cold extremities, this formula is unsuitable; purgation is required.
Fuling Banxia Tang (Poria and Pinellia Decoction)
Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) (remove skin) Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) (extract juice, each 1 fen) Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) (1 qian)
Cut into hemp seed size. Use 1 sheng of water, decoct to 0.4 sheng, squeeze juice, add ginger juice, and take warm.
Banxia Chupi Tang (Pinellia and Tangerine Peel Decoction)
Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) (prepared properly) Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi, 陈皮) (soaked in hot water, washed, remove pulp) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (honey-fried) Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参) Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) (remove rotten heart, each 1 fen) Puerariae Radix (Gegen, 葛根) (0.5 liang) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Noupu, 浓朴) (remove bark, each 1 fen)
Cut into hemp seed size. Use 3 sheng of water, add 1 fen of sliced Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct to 1.5 sheng, squeeze juice, divide into four doses, taken over one day, warm after meals.
Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Detoxification Decoction)
Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连) (remove roots) Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (Huangbo, 黄柏) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) Gardeniae Fructus (Dazhizi, 大栀子) (each 0.5 liang)
Cut into hemp seed size. Weigh 0.5 liang per dose, with 1 teacup of water, decoct to 0.4 sheng, squeeze juice, and take warm at any time, 3-4 times daily, stopping when effective. Usually effective after 1-2 doses. If abdominal fullness and vomiting, or impending diarrhea, add 3 whole Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) per dose, 2 qian chopped Noupu (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), peeled and chopped Fuling (Poria), 1.5 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct to 0.5 sheng, squeeze juice, and take warm. This is named Banxia Huanglian Jiedu Tang. If urgent purgation is needed, add one dose of Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) to the base formula, decoct with ginger, as before, stopping when stool passes. Another method: grind into fine powder, mix with water into pill size of mung beans, take 20 pills with warm water. Excellent for accumulated heat, consumptive cough, and dysentery.
Gua Di San (Melon Spittle Powder)
Cucumeris Fructus (Gua Di, 瓜蒂) Semen Phaseoli Radiati (Chixiaodou, 赤小豆) (equal parts)
Grind into fine powder. Mix with 0.5 he of Xiangchi (Fermented Soybean), 1.5 sheng of water, boil to 0.5 sheng juice, mix with 1 qianbi. If no vomiting, increase dose. Stop when vigorous vomiting occurs. Unsuitable for deficient persons.
Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)
Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡) (remove sprouts, weigh) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (each 0.5 liang) Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩) Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 芍药) (each 1 fen) Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia, 半夏) (2 qian) Aurantii Immaturus Fructus (Zhishi, 枳实) (3 qian, raw, small pieces are preferred.)
If Zhishi (Aurantii Immaturus Fructus) pulp is not removed, efficacy is very rapid. Same for the following.
Cut into hemp seed size. Divide into three doses. Each dose uses 1 sheng of water, 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and 3 Zao (Jujubae Fructus). Decoct to 0.5 sheng, squeeze juice, and take warm. If no bowel movement, take again.
Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction)
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao, 芒硝) (Pu Xiao with crystal tips is also acceptable) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Noupu, 浓朴) (remove rough bark) Aurantii Immaturus Fructus (Zhishi, 枳实) (each 0.5 liang)
Add 1 liang of Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), named Sanyi Chengqi Tang.
Cut into hemp seed size. Take half, with 1.5 sheng of water and 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct to 0.6 sheng. Add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), boil 1-2 times, filter dregs, and take hot.
Decoction requires slow fire; boiling once counts as one boil. "Decoct to a fraction" follows this method. Do not use strong fire to evaporate water.
For severe heat stagnation, taking cold cold-medicine may cause rejection. Hence, the classic says: "Use cold with heat." If no bowel movement, take again. For severe heat, divide one dose into large portion for one serving, and small portion for next if needed. For even more severe heat, take entire dose at once. For extreme heat, combine two doses into one. (Dose: one prescription is one batch). Obtain benefit when stool passes; adjust dosage temporarily. (Message means adjusting quantity).
Dosage amounts follow this principle.
Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction)
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (0.5 liang) Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Noupu, 浓朴) (3 qian) Aurantii Immaturus Fructus (Zhishi, 枳实) (3 qian)
Cut into hemp seed size. Make two doses. Each dose uses 1 sheng of water and 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), decoct to 0.5 sheng, squeeze juice, and take hot. If no bowel movement, take again. For mild purgation, divide one dose into two servings. For harmonizing stomach qi without desire for purgation, divide one dose into 4-5 servings.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate Stomach Order the Qi Decoction)
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao, 芒硝) (each 0.5 liang)
Cut into hemp seed size. Take half, with 1 large sheng of water, decoct to 0.5 sheng, filter dregs, add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), boil 1-2 times, and take hot. If no bowel movement, take again.
Shi Zao Tang (Ten Date Decoction)
Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua, 芫花) (slow-fire stir-fry until color changes) Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix (Daji, 大戟) Kansui Radix (Gansui, 甘遂) (equal parts)
Make into powder (fine). Use 1 sheng of water and 10 fat Zao (Jujubae Fructus) cut open, boil to 0.5 sheng juice, mix with 0.5 qianbi. Strong individuals take 1 qianbi. Adjust dosage for brisk purgation.
Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Order the Qi Decoction)
Persicae Semen (Taoren, 桃仁) (soak, remove skin, tip, two-kernel, crush with board, original weight missing) Natrii Sulfas (Mangxiao, 芒硝) (0.5 liang) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (6 qian) Cinnamomi Ramulus (Gui, 桂) (remove rough bark) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) (each 3 qian)
Cut into hemp seed size. Divide into three doses. Each dose uses 1 sheng of water, decoct to 0.5 sheng, add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), squeeze juice, and take hot, three times daily. Stop when slight purgation occurs.
Didang Wan (Resist Water Slug Pill)
Hirudo (Shuizhi, 水蛭) (stir-fried) Tabanus (Mengchong, 虻虫) (stir-fried, each 7 pieces) Persicae Semen (Taoren, 桃仁) (8 grains) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (1 qian)
Grind into fine powder, mix with honey to make two pills. Use 0.1 sheng of water, boil one pill to 0.6 sheng, take warm. If blood has not passed, take again.
Didang Tang (Resist Water Slug Decoction)
Hirudo (Shuizhi, 水蛭) (stir-fried) Tabanus (Mengchong, 虻虫) (stir-fried, remove wings and legs, each 10 pieces) Persicae Semen (Taoren, 桃仁) (7 grains) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang, 大黄) (1 qian)
Cut into hemp seed size. Divide into two doses. Each dose uses 1 sheng of water, boil to 0.5 sheng, filter dregs, and take warm. If not passed, take again. (Zhi: zhiji, dingjie cuts, water louse. Meng: mogeng cut.)
Yinchen Tang (Artemisia Capillaris Decoction)
Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (Yinchenhao, 茵陈蒿) (remove stems, 1 liang, also known as Shan Yinchen) Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang, 川大黄) (0.5 liang) Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhizi, 山栀子) (7 grains, or 10 small ones)
Cut into hemp seed size. Use 2.5 sheng of water, slow-boil to 1 sheng, squeeze juice, take 0.6 sheng warm. If no bowel movement, take another 0.4 sheng, stopping when stool passes. For severe cases, take as one dose; if no movement, repeat, adjusting as needed. Expect passage of material resembling rotten fish belly, pus, blood, and gelatinous substances, and copious golden-yellow urine like soap pod juice. For impending jaundice, divide one dose into four servings, each mixed with 3 qian of Wuling San. No method exceeds this for treating jaundice.
Laypeople transmit moxibustion for jaundice which sometimes cures. This works for strong individuals with robust middle qi and mild damp-heat stagnation; moxibustion forcibly opens stagnation, promoting qi-blood flow and sweating. However, for those with inherent deficiency and severe damp-heat binding, forcible opening fails and may cause death. Zhang Zhongjing's method of matching medicine to syndrome avoids this error. Recent false transmissions claim extreme cold Yin Jaundice requires extreme warming of yang internally and externally, causing much harm. Rarely does mild disease cured by mistaken opening justify the numerous lives lost. Generally, jaundice has two types: one is damp-heat turning yellow, common in all things. Like wheat growing in rain with extreme damp-heat causing jaundice; or waterlogging with hot-damp weather causing plants to die and turn yellow. Or blood deficiency leading to weakness, extreme dryness-heat causing sallow complexion, like drought wilting plants. For dryness-heat jaundice, clear heat and moisten dryness. For Cold Damage with extreme damp-heat causing jaundice, open stagnation, clear heat, and promote dual urination to remove dampness, leading to harmony and cure. (Lin cut, now written as Yin).
For Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) with jaundice, take half Xiexiong Tang (Drain the Chest Decoction) and purge downward. If mistakenly purged with hot toxic Bajao (Crotonis Fructus) pills, damaging yin qi, leading to continuous heat-collaborating diarrhea and jaundice,