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The types of smallpox, according to records in medical formularies, amount to over a hundred kinds, each with its specific name. However, these names are complex and offer no benefit, instead confusing the aspirations of students and bewildering the minds of patients. Herein, I select the essentials to narrate, so as to avoid this drawback:

The first is called "Ding Dou" (Smallpox Ding). This arises from contracting epidemic toxic pathogens during their seasonal occurrence, appearing among various smallpox eruptions. Its shape is uniquely large, varying in color from black to white, or turning purple then black, resembling a Ding sore; those with yellow color are also termed "Dou Mu" (Smallpox Mother). When it appears at the initial stage of smallpox, it is mostly seen on the head and face; when appearing in the middle stage, it mostly grows on the abdomen and back; when appearing in the later stage, it mostly grows on the thighs and legs. Once manifested, it prevents the dissemination of various toxins and hinders the formation of pus in the smallpox sores, thus constituting an ominous prognosis. The treatment method should be, upon seeing the first purple-black, uniquely large spots, to immediately pierce them with a silver needle, suck out the black blood, and then apply Ba Ding San (Extract Ding Powder) externally. On the following day, re-examine; if they become hard and swollen again, pierce them again and apply the previous medicine. Treatment must continue until the lesions turn red and vibrant. If they cannot be pierced by needle or feel nodular when pinched by hand, it indicates full formation. In such cases, one must cut open the four sides with a needle, extract it with small forceps. Its shape resembles a Ding, about half a cun long. After extraction, fill the wound with the previous medicine.

The second is called "Chou Dou" (Smelly Smallpox). Smallpox with a foul odor is caused by fire forcing outward. However, since the toxicity of the Yangming channel is thereby discharged, although smelly, if it is red and vibrant, or if pus and blood flow out but it is neither dry nor itchy, or if it is smelly but the skin and flesh do not rot black, or if it is smelly but there is no foul breath in the mouth, none of these are fatal cases. It is appropriate to burn Yuan Su (Coriander) and Ai Ye (Mugwort Leaf) to produce smoke to dispel the foul odor, and use Sheng Ma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) added with Zi Su (Perilla Leaf) to wipe the smelly areas. Internally administer Ding Jin Tang (Settle Gold Decoction), and safety will naturally be achieved.

The third is called "Gan Pi Dou" (Dry Skin Smallpox). Smallpox that is slightly red yet dry and dark is caused by deficiency of Qi and exhaustion of Blood. Urgent regulation and tonification of Qi and Blood are required.

The fourth is called "Bai Jiang Dou" (White Pus Smallpox). When smallpox initially erupts, if the top already contains white pus, it is due to carrying epidemic pestilence Qi. At the initial stage, it is appropriate to puncture and drain the pus. If the whole body presents like this, it is difficult to treat.

The fifth is called "Shui Jing Dou" (Crystal Smallpox). Smallpox whose color resembles reed catkins is due to dual deficiency of Qi and Blood. Urgent major tonification is required.

The sixth is called "Kong Cang Dou" (Empty Granary Smallpox). Smallpox that appears plump on the outside but dry and shriveled inside, without pus or blood, is due to excess Qi and deficient Blood, or because detoxification was neglected previously, causing toxic fire to blaze internally. It is appropriate to use Chuan Xiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica), Niu Bang (Arctium Fruit), Rou Gui (Cinnamon Bark) each 8 fen, Dang Gui Shen (Angelica Sinensis Root Body) and Lu Rong (Deer Antler Velvet) each 2 qian, Da Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root) 3 qian, Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 1 qian, and Chuan Shan Jia (Pangolin Scale) 4 fen. Take two consecutive doses. Wait until pus forms, then remove Niu Bang, making Blood-tonifying herbs the Sovereign and Qi-tonifying herbs the Minister, so that the pus will naturally be sufficient.

The seventh is called "Si Wei Dou" (Surrounding Smallpox). At the eruption stage of smallpox, if small pox cluster around the periphery, or resemble millet grains, this type of smallpox leads to death from itching before pus can form.

The eighth is called "Yan Guan Dou" (Throat Gate Smallpox). This smallpox is similar to Suo Xiang Dou (Neck-Locking Smallpox); Suo Xiang Dou affects the area encircling the neck, while Yan Guan Dou affects the clustering at the throat gate.

The ninth is called "Suo Xiang Dou" (Neck-Locking Smallpox). Smallpox that strings together and encircles the neck. The treatment method is the same as for Yan Guan Dou. It is appropriate to use Qing Jin Gong Du Yin (Clear Metal Attack Toxin Infusion) at the very beginning of spot appearance, and apply Yan Zhi Gao (Rouge Ointment). This is caused by Lung Heat. If hoarseness and choking on water occur, it is considered incurable by law.

The tenth is called "Xue Dou" (Blood Smallpox). When smallpox first emerges, appearing red-purple like vermilion ink dots all over the body, this indicates the inner root has rotted, and the outer sprout must wither.

The eleventh is called "Liang Tou Dou" (Two-End Smallpox). Smallpox appearing above the chest down to below the navel, with none in the middle, is caused by abundant Cold Toxicity, separation of Qi and Blood preventing their intersection. Thus, Yang participating upwards results in more on the head and face, while Yin stagnating downwards results in density on the legs and feet. It is appropriate to urgently use Sheng Huang Qi (Raw Astragalus Root), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Chi Shao (Red Peony Root), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Xu Duan (Dipsacus Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica), Shan Zha (Hawthorn Fruit), Mu Tong (Akebia Stem), and thirty Huang Dou (Soybeans) decocted together and taken orally. Only when smallpox appears in the middle can there be no worry.

The twelfth is called "Wen Dou" (Epidemic Smallpox). When Wen Dou erupts, accompanied by mutism, drowsiness, lack of appetite, convulsions of hands and feet, early emergence and late disappearance, urgent symptom-based treatment is required, primarily focusing on resolving epidemic toxins.

The thirteenth is called "Ni Dou" (Reverse Smallpox). Smallpox where the upper body has few spots and the lower body has many.

The fourteenth is called "Yang Dou" (Sample Smallpox). Smallpox contracted from others.

Additionally, there is "Shui Dou" (Water Pox), which erupts due to Wind-Heat stagnating in the muscle surface. Initially feverish, it changes from red spots to blisters. The top is bright white, the base is broad with a red disk, the pus is pale white, the top lacks a central depression (navel), the skin is thin and delicate, unlike the neat, tight, round base of true smallpox. Moreover, from spot appearance to swelling, pus formation, and scabbing, it lasts only five to six days. This is due to the lightness and superficiality of the pathogenic factor. Only if heat is severe and unresolved, with constipation of both bowels and bladder, restlessness, and irritability, is Lian Qiao Tang (Forsythia Decoction) appropriate. Recently, smallpox recurring after cowpox vaccination is mostly of this type.

There is "Dou Jia Dan" (Smallpox Accompanied by Erysipelas), caused by Blood Heat. Red-purple color indicates extreme heat; white color indicates Phlegm-Dampness; blue-black color is untreatable. If Erysipelas appears first and Smallpox later, use Zi Cao (Arnebia Root), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome), Niu Bang (Arctium Fruit), Chan Yi (Cicada Slough), Chuan Xiong (Szechwan Lovage Rhizome), Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), Gan Ge (Pueraria Root) etc., to lift and disperse. If Smallpox appears for three or four days before Erysipelas, use Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root), Niu Bang (Arctium Fruit), Mu Tong (Akebia Stem), Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn - *Note: Substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice*), Zi Cao (Arnebia Root) etc., to cool Blood and resolve toxicity. For those with Phlegm-Dampness,酌情 use Qian Hu (Peucedanum Root), Zi Su (Perilla Leaf), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber), Chen Pi (Citrus Reticulata Peel).

There is "Dou Jia Zhen" (Smallpox Accompanied by Measles). If measles appear first, interspersed with particles resembling water pox, this is normal smallpox. Because Measles eruption consumes Ying Blood, the smallpox may appear white like water pox. However, dispersing the Measles is appropriate; once Measles dissipate, Smallpox will align properly. If Smallpox and Measles appear simultaneously at the initial stage, the method should be permeation and support, which can release Smallpox via the exterior and also erupt Measles. Once Measles emerge and resolve, both can be secured. If Smallpox, Measles, and Macules appear together, generally it is appropriate to scatter Fire Evil while invigorating Blood and resolving toxicity.

According to notes: Smallpox accompanied by Measles was formerly called "Er Hu Dun Lan" (Two Tigers Crouching by the Fence). Generally, Smallpox benefits from tonification rather than purgation, while Measles benefit from purgation rather than tonification. Therefore, when they appear simultaneously, utmost caution is required in management.

Attached Formulas:
(1) Ba Ding San (Extract Ding Powder) for external use. Treats Ya Ding (Tooth Ding), Dou Ding (Smallpox Ding), Ding Du (Ding Toxicity).
Sha (Realgar), Bai Fan (Alum), Zhu Sha (Cinnabar), Shi Yan (Salt).
Process according to standard methods, grind into fine powder.

(2) Ding Jin Tang (Settle Gold Decoction) for treating Chou Dou (Smelly Smallpox).
Huang Qi (Astragalus Root), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis), Bai Shao (White Peony Root), Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root), Fu Ling (Poria), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), Bai Zhi (Angelica Dahurica), Fang Feng (Saposhnikovia Root), Jing Jie (Schizonepeta Spike), Sheng Ma (Cimicifuga Rhizome).
Add one handful of Yuan Su (Coriander), one piece of Silver, and twenty roots of Deng Xin (Juncus Medulla).

(3) Qing Jin Xiao Du Yin (Clear Metal Resolve Toxin Infusion) for treating Epidemic Sore Throat Ulceration and Suo Xiang/Yan Guan Smallpox.
Sheng Di (Rehmannia Root), Yin Chen (Artemisia Capillaris), Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root), Xian Shi Hu (Fresh Dendrobium Stem), Xi Jiao (Rhinoceros Horn - *Note: Substitute with Buffalo Horn in modern practice*), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange), Zi Cao (Arnebia Root), Ren Zhong Huang (Human Waste Charcoal), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber), Ma Bo (Pulmonaria Flower).
Add Honey-fried Pi Pa Ye (Loquat Leaf).