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Some patients may die within one year. When the mass is about to ulcerate, the chills and fever are particularly severe; it is inadvisable to indiscriminately administer cold-natured medicines such as Baidu San (Decoction for Resolving Toxins) or Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). Chen Shi used Muxiang Liqi Yin (Wood Fragrance Qi-Flowing Drink), yet this condition often belongs to deficiency patterns. In the initial stage, Yiqi Yangrong Tang (Qi-Nourishing and Blood-Supplementing Decoction) is appropriate. For those with extreme debility, Shiquan Dabu Tang (Complete Ten Tonics Decoction) is suitable. Furthermore, Liuzhu (Flowing Abscess) occurring in the lower abdomen may be mistaken for Changyong (Intestinal Abscess). Since Liuzhu belongs to deficiency while Changyong belongs to excess, treatment methods differ between tonification and purgation, and they must not be confused.

Feiyong (Lung Abscess) is a disease characterized by blocked qi flow, where heat accumulates in the lungs leading to suppuration and ulceration. The symptom described in *Jinkui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) of dryness in the mouth and coughing with dull pain in the chest is especially diagnostic. It should be identified early and treated before pus is expectorated. If treatment is delayed, it becomes incurable. Initially, there are alternating chills and fever, coughing with air reversal, foul-smelling sputum/pus, shortness of breath preventing lateral recumbency, chest pain, throat discomfort, and a whistling breathing sound resembling blowing a flute, caused by obstructive matter in the lung passages. The pulse is slippery, full, and rapid. Before expectoration of pus and blood, frequent coughing produces an odor like rotting water in a bottle. In chronic cases, the odor fills the room, and death ensues after expectorating pus and blood. Once pus and blood are expectorated, the whistling sound stops abruptly, indicating the removal of the obstruction from the lung passages. Ancient methods for testing pus involved dropping it into water: sinking indicated pus, floating indicated phlegm. Currently, phlegm is observed merely as viscous, whereas pus resembles refined kudzu starch and cannot be easily severed; this is the key to differentiation.

Zhiyin (Supporting Fluid Retention) causing a sensation of痞 (fullness/stagnation) was historically attributed to heart pericardium stagnation, spleen-stomach weakness, or kidney qi insufficiency, with varying theories. Upon careful examination, I found that beneath the heart and lungs lies the diaphragm, shaped like thin silk, covering them horizontally. When fluid retention supports and stagnates here, it upwardly obstructs lung qi, causing wheezing, urgency, irritability, and fullness; downwardly, it causes stomach qi to rebel, resulting in hardness and fullness below the heart. This constitutes the manifestation of Zhiyin. *Bingyuan Houlu* (Treatise on Pathogenesis and Symptomatology of Various Diseases) states: excessive fluid retention stagnates in the chest and diaphragm, supporting the heart, hence called Zhiyin. The pulse is wiry-tight or deep-tight. After midnight, breathlessness becomes extremely urgent, mimicking asthma. Asthma results from chest qi obstruction, manifesting only as a feeling of throat blockage. Zhiyin initially presents with chest pain and wheezing, or cold extremities preventing lying down, accompanied by slight edema of the face, abdomen, and limbs, or severe edema following breathlessness. Although similar to edema-induced dyspnea, edema begins without breathlessness, progressing to swelling and then dyspnea. Zhiyin begins with dyspnea, progressing to swelling; this distinguishes them. Treatment of Zhiyin prioritizes dietary restriction, strictly avoiding greasy and spicy condiments. If edema is severe, salt must be eliminated, following the same protocol as edema treatment. Additionally, Zhiyin resembles Xuanyin (Hanging Fluid Retention); if pain is severe, Kongchuan Dan (Breath-Control Pill) can be used for purgation, or Mufangji Tang (Stephania and Coptis Decoction). If water qi worsens with dyspnea, Gansui powder (Kansui Root Powder) can be added. If dyspnea is severe with vomiting and rebellion, Gansui Banxia Tang (Kansui and Pinellia Decoction) is appropriate. Although these formulas may yield temporary effects, recurrence makes treatment difficult. For cases persisting for one or two years, aggressive purgation is contraindicated, as it accelerates the harm of "depleting the deficient." Even in excess patterns, death from qi collapse due to over-purgation has occurred. This disease is prevalent in modern times and requires diligent management.

Baihu Feng (White Tiger Wind) first appeared in *Shengji Zonglu* (General Records of the Sage's Pharmacy). Its symptoms include pain extending from the shoulder tip to the head, feeling like biting, worsening after midnight, without swelling. Pain worsening after midnight is due to yin qi coagulation. It differs slightly from Baihu Lijie Feng (White Tiger Joint-Wandering Wind); Lijie Feng is discussed in various texts as a rheumatic-wind condition characterized by fever and joint pain. Baihu Feng refers to pain without fever, caused solely by yin qi coagulation. Tongfeng (Gout) involves swelling and pain, distinct from this condition. Baihu Feng is treated with Qianghuo Tang (Notopterygium Decoction) from *Shengji*, or combined with Shexiang Wan (Musk Pill) from *Bencao Fang*. If these are unknown, Wutou Tang (Aconite Decoction) from *Jinkui Yaolue* may be used.

Regarding Jiaoxi (Foot Qi/Polyneuritis), *Bingyuan Houlu*, *Qianjin Fang* (Thousand Gold Formulas), and *Waitai Mi Yao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Hall) are considered authoritative, with Su Gong's commentary in *Waitai Mi Yao* being the most reliable.

Feizhang (Lung Distension) is distinct from Feiwang (Lung Withering) and Feiyong. It refers to the distension of lung lobes. Symptoms include coughing with qi rebellion, wheezing, and dyspnea. It resembles Zhiyin, but Zhiyin's wheezing initially involves chest pain or cold extremities, preventing lateral recumbency. Feizhang features intense heat, sudden onset of qi rebellion, eyes protruding, edema of the lower face not spreading elsewhere, and difficulty lying laterally. Detailed explanations are found in *Jinkui Yaolue*.

Patients with Jiaoxi exhibiting mental confusion, delirium, high fever, swelling, upward rushing of qi reddening the head and face, and palpitations are often misdiagnosed by contemporary physicians as epilepsy. This is incorrect. Serious illnesses presenting with epileptic forms often lead to death. This is not true epilepsy but rather the "completion of the six channels" syndrome described in *Suwen* (Basic Questions).

Shan (Hernia) originates from water qi and blood stasis causing pain. Therefore, I formulated a prescription by combining Mudanpi, Dahuang, and Taoren from Dahuang Mudan Tang (Rhubarb and Moutan Decoction), Guizhi from Mudan Wudeng San (Moutan Five-Equivalents Powder), Qianniu Zi and Mutong from Wuyou San (Carefree Powder), Wuyao from Wuchen Tang (Wu and Chen Decoction), plus Yanhusuo. This formula effectively treats cramping in the lower abdomen and legs, scrotal swelling or pain, lumbar pain radiating in women, pain radiating to the vulva, or prolapse of the labia. (This is known as Fujii's Eight-Ingredient Hernia Formula.)

Sipao (Spleen Fatigue) presenting with epigastric fullness, borborygmus, painless diarrhea, and post-defecation epigastric discomfort and bloating is primarily treated with Banxia Xiexin Tang (Pinellia and Coptis Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium). If Sipao causes diarrhea with abdominal pain but no heat, or if there is fluid retention in the epigastrium with coughing, or fluid retention in the lower jiao with abdominal pain and diarrhea, Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) is indicated; this formula is also effective for "Fifth Watch Diarrhea."

Qian Shi Baizhu San (Master Qian's Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder) treats Pidan (Spleen Heat/Excess). Pidan is mostly deficiency-related and often accompanies Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome), characterized by an aversion to or heightened sensitivity to sweet foods.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding often belongs to Sipao. In Sipao-induced bleeding, indiscriminate hemostasis is contraindicated; this falls under the ancient category of Changfeng (Intestinal Wind), treated with Chixiaodou Danggui San (Adzuki Bean and Angelica Sinensis Powder). If palpitations are severe with bleeding, Xiang'ai Tang (Cyperus and Mugwort Decoction) is suitable. If there is traction/spasm in the lower jiao, Tieshua Tang (Iron Brush Decoction) is appropriate. These decoctions are not mere hemostatics but cure bleeding through regulation. (Xiang'ai Tang consists of Ai Ye, Xiang Fu, Gan Cao, and Sheng Jiang, a family recipe of the Fujii clan; Tieshua Tang is from *Ju Fang*).

Loss of essence (Shijing) often arises from cold in the lower jiao. Therefore, warming the waist with hot compresses and moxibustion on Sanyinjiao (SP6) every night before sleep can prevent this affliction.

Ancients considered Shijing a deficiency pattern, but this is not always true. Excess patterns occur occasionally, often due to overeating; thus, dietary moderation is paramount. (Note: Travelers often suffer from this, similar to general cases. Also, those with recurrent loss of essence should sleep with knees bent to avoid this problem.)

Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn) treats lower GI bleeding with efficacy superior to Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn). Xijiao mainly treats hematemesis and epistaxis.

The later practice of using Shengma (Cimicifuga) for hematemesis and Huangqin (Scutellaria) for lower GI bleeding is one-sided. Shengma also treats lower GI bleeding; thus, *Qianjin Fang* states that if Xijiao is unavailable, Shengma may substitute it.

Yindu Bing (Yin Toxic Disease) originates in the yin meridians, while Yangdu Bing (Yang Toxic Disease) originates in the yang meridians; hence the different names. Zhu Gong believed that cold extremities in Yindu indicated severe yin-cold and prescribed Aconite-type herbs, which was erroneous. Wang Andao's critique is correct. *Yizong Jinjian* (Golden Mirror of Medical Tradition) identifies this as modern Sha Bing (Sand Disease), a view that seems plausible.

Tianpao (Sky Blister/Crusta Maligna) is a burn-like sore caused by fire-toxin. It appears during intense summer heat as fine red rashes. Initially, pain from the hypochondrium to the shoulder and back feels like needle pricks, worsening upon contact with clothing or bedding. Later, blisters form. Jiedu Xiexin Tang (Detoxify and Drain the Heart Decoction) is used; Jingfang Baidu San (Ephedra and Saposhnikovia Decoction for Resolving Toxins) is also excellent.