麻痹痛。《药性》云∶主皮毛之病是也。兼通关节，利大小肠，瘦胎催生。气血虚弱者禁用。水浸软去瓤，麸
炒香熟。
枳实
枳实比壳性更酷，主治大同下胁腹，更消脾瘀破坚 ，溏泻阴痿莫误服。
与枳壳一种。大而色黄紫多瓤曰壳，小而色青中实少瓤曰实。无毒。浮而降，纯阴。逐停水，消痰饮，
宽胸胁，安胃气，止喘逆，破积聚，利五脏，除寒热结，功同枳壳。但枳壳性祥而缓，枳实性酷而速。更能去
脾间瘀血，瘀血去而痞自消。去日久稠痰，消年深坚积。丹溪云∶脾胃湿热生痰有积者，入白术中四分之一。脾
用枳实，有推墙倒壁之功，故治下，主血在心腹之分；胃用枳壳，损至高之气，故治高，主气在胸膈之分。皆疏
通决泻滑窍破结实之剂。本草云∶止溏泄，益气明目，亦谓积去而脾健神清也。《药性论》云∶肾内伤冷，阴痿
而有气，加而用之，借以达下耳。要之实证可用，虚而久病慎不可误服。海藏云∶益气佐以参、术、干姜，破气
佐以牵牛、硝、黄，其善用枳实者乎！又与黄 等分糊丸服，治肠风下血；单用蜜丸服，治五痔；为末饮调服，
治胸痹气壅，心膈不利及小儿久痢淋沥，水谷不调；炒熟熨妇人阴肿痛。壳、实俱宜商州陈久者，水浸软去瓤，
麸炒。
浓朴
浓朴苦温除痰湿，最散心腹胀痛急，霍乱积痢并头疼，治痹消瘀通经翕。
皮浓，质朴。味苦、辛。无毒。可升可降，阴中阳也。消痰下气，除胃湿，逐结水，泻膀胱，泄五脏一
切气。治心腹烦痛胀满，散结之神药
也。疗霍乱转筋，胃中冷逆，胸中吐不止，或呕酸水，消宿食，浓肠胃，走积年冷气，腹内肠鸣，止泻止痢。
又治中风伤寒头疼寒热，气血痹，死肌，调关节，破宿血。通妇人月经，及产前后腹脏不安。兼定惊悸，下淋
露，去三虫。《本经》云∶与枳实、大黄同用，则能泄实满而解热胀，是消痰下气也；与橘皮、苍术同用，
则能除湿满而平胃气，是温中益气也；与解利药同用，则治伤寒头痛；与泄利药同用，则浓肠胃。大抵用苦
则泄，用温则补。胃弱气虚者终不敢用，以其味苦而辛，能散人元气也。此丹溪谓平胃散用之，不使胃土太过而
复其平，以致于和而已，非温补之谓也。吁！竹沥、山药，凉而能补；橘皮、浓朴，热而能泄，用者悟之。肉
浓色紫者佳。去粗皮。入汤药，用生姜汁炒；入丸药，用醋炙或酥炙。干姜为使。恶泽泻、寒水石、硝石。忌
豆。
射干
射干苦寒消食热，宽膨下气逐老血，破癖通经治儿疝，便毒喉风痰核结。
形如射鸟之竿。有小毒。开胃下食，除饮食大热，散胸中热气，腹中邪逆，胸腹胀满，肺气喘嗽，咳
逆上气。疗老血在心脾间，咳唾言语气臭，破 结、 癖、瘀血，通女人月闭，治小儿疝气发时肿痛如刺，散
结气，消肿毒，去胃痈，治便毒。足厥阴湿气因疲劳而发，取三寸同生姜煎服，利两三行即效。又治咽痛水浆
难入，不得消息，咽汁立瘥。丹溪云∶属金而有木与火水。行太阴、厥阴之积痰，使结核自消甚捷。久服令人
虚。即乌扇根，紫花者是，红花者非。三月采。米泔浸一宿，日干。
旋复花
旋复花咸甘冷烈，逐水消痰止呕噎，宽胸胁清头目风，治痹又利肠脏结。
花如菊，淡黄绿，繁茂圆而复下，俗名金沸草。有小毒。治心胁痰水及膀胱留饮，寒热水肿，消胸上痰
结、唾如胶漆，开胃，止呕逆不下食；治伤寒汗吐下后心下痞坚，噫气不止及结气胁下满，去头面风、目中眵 、
风气湿痹、皮间死肌，利大肠，去五脏间寒热结气。兼通血脉，除惊，补中下气。《衍义》云∶走散之药，稍
涉虚者禁用。去梗叶，蒸熟晒干。入煎药，用绢滤过，免伤人肺。叶，治金疮止血，捣敷之。根，治破斫断筋，
急取捣汁滴疮中，仍用渣封疮上，过半月断筋自续。又有一种旋花，性治大同，今少识者，故不录入。
大腹皮
大腹皮辛温无毒，消肿宽膨定喘促，止霍乱通大小肠，痰膈醋心气攻腹。
腹大而平者名大腹，尖者名槟榔。大腹皮消肿宽胀，定喘，止霍乱，通大小肠，治冷热气攻心腹，大肠毒
痈，痰膈醋心，并以姜、盐同煎。入疏气药良，下一切气，调中开脾健胃。丹溪云∶性温，疏通脾胃有余之气，
虚者不可用。鸩鸟多栖此树，宜先以酒洗，后以大豆汁洗，火焙赤。
京三棱
京山棱苦辛平涩，消积散 功可立，又治心腹胀且疼，破血通经下乳汁。
京，当作荆，楚地所出也，叶似茭蒲，茎皆三棱。无毒。阴中阳也，治老癖， 瘕、积块。快气宽胸，气
胀鼓满最宜。妇人血脉不调，心腹刺痛，通月经，产后腹痛，血晕宿血及气滞乳汁不行。兼治小儿痫热，无辜 癖。
扑损瘀血亦用。色白属气。破血中之气，真气虚者勿用。生细根屈如爪者，名鸡爪三棱，又名草三棱；不生细根，
形如乌梅者，名黑三棱；根黄白色，形如钗股者，名石三棱；色黄体重，状若鲫鱼而小者，名京三棱，为上。其实
一物，但力有刚柔耳。入药醋煮熟锉，焙干或火炮用。
蓬莪
蓬莪（茂）苦辛能逐水，治心脾病破气痞，定霍乱又止奔豚，消瘀调经益妇女。
蓬蓬然茂盛，即莪术。气温。无毒。消水行气，破积为最。主心腹痛，中恶疰忤鬼气， 癖冷气，霍乱吐
酸，饮食不消，开胃化食。治一切
气，丈夫奔豚，妇人血气心痛。通月经，消瘀血，妇人药中多用。兼止扑损下血及内损恶血，解诸毒。色黑
属血，破气中之血。入气药能发诸香，虽为泄剂，亦能益气。孙用和治气短不能接续及滑泄小便数，莪术、金
铃肉各一两，硼砂一钱，为末，空心盐汤下二钱，名茂铃散。陈醋煮熟锉，焙干，或火炮醋炒，得酒醋良。
扁豆
扁豆甘平助胃脾，和中下气霍乱宜，清暑更能解诸毒，女人带下花尤奇。
形扁不圆，有黑白二种。黑者小、冷。入药用白者。味甘，微温。无毒。补脾胃五脏，和中下气。止霍乱
吐泻，清暑气，行风气，解一切草木酒毒，杀河豚毒。凡使，去皮，姜汁炒。花，主女子带下赤白，干末米饮
调服。叶，主霍乱及吐利后转筋。生捣，以少酢浸汁服，亦敷蛇咬。醋煮食，治瘕。惟患寒热人勿食。嫩荚蒸
食甚美，患冷气人勿食。
薏苡仁
薏苡仁甘寒除风湿，筋挛骨痛难伸屈，消肺利肠除肺痿，令人能食性不急。
薏，意；苡，实也。无毒。主风湿痹，筋挛骨痛不仁，难以屈伸及干湿香港脚。消水肿，利肠胃。治肺痿
肺痈吐脓血，咳嗽涕唾上气，心胸甲错。久服益气，令人能食，性缓不妒。凡用须倍于他药，咬之粘牙者真。水
洗略炒，或和糯米炒热、去米。治妒方∶薏苡、天门冬、赤黍米等分，蜜丸。男妇服之，皆不妒忌。
神曲
神曲甘温破坚癖，消心膈痰进饮食，调中止泄止霍乱，更医痢痔及劳复。
神，按六神而造；曲，朽也，郁之使生衣朽败也。无毒。纯阳。入足阳明经。破 结、水腹坚大如盘，
消心膈气，痰逆胸满，肠胃中塞，饮食不下，宜此开胃健脾，消化水谷。止霍乱泄泻，痢下赤白。消食痔，疗
伤寒饮食劳复；兼治脏腑中风气，补虚去冷气；落胎，下鬼胎，治卒胎动不安，或腰痛胎转抢心，下血不止，
小儿痫疾。又六畜食米胀欲死者，煮汁灌之立消。麸皮曲，性凉，入大肠，亦消食积。红曲，活血消食。造神
曲法∶六月六日，或三伏上寅日，采蓼草三两，青蒿、苍耳草各六两，俱捣自然汁，杏仁末一两、带麸白面二
升，赤小豆一碗，煮软熟，去皮研，然后取前汁共一处拌匀，踏实成曲。一如造酒药法出白，愈久愈好，入药
炒令香。
麦
麦 甘温破冷积，善止霍乱宽胸膈，更利上焦瘀与痰，下气宽肠救产厄。
大麦用水渍之，不以理生芽为 。无毒。破 瘕冷气，止霍乱，治宿食停滞，胸膈胀满，行上焦滞血，
腹中雷鸣，消痰下气，宽肠开胃，补脾温中之快药也。胃气虚人宜服，以代戊己腐熟水谷。但多食久食消肾，
所以妇人催生堕胎，产后秘结，鼓胀不通亦用之。炒黄杵去皮。豆蔻、砂仁、木瓜、五味子为使。
棠球子
棠球（子）化食开结气，消痰积瘀健脾胃，更治痢疾与腰疼，产余腹痛有滋味。
即山楂。楂者，粗也，非美果。棠球即山楂未熟而酸涩者。无毒。消食积，化宿滞，行结气，消积块、
痰块、血块，治腹痞胀发热，健脾开膈之美药也。又治痢疾，腰疼。兼催疮痛，消滞血。丹溪治产妇恶露不尽
腹痛，或儿枕作痛，以山楂百枚水煎，入砂糖少许，空心服效。陈久者良。水先蒸软，去核晒干。生而成熟者，
俗名茅楂，又名山里红果，性同，小儿食之良。
使君子
使君子甘性温平，孩子五疳用最灵，杀虫止泻又止痢，小便混浊也能清。
因郭使君用疗小儿故名。无毒。主小儿五疳，明目，杀积虫，止泻痢及小便白浊。去壳用仁，或兼用壳。
阿魏
阿魏辛温消肉积，杀虫破癖祛瘟疫，治霍
乱止心腹疼，食疟传尸与蛊毒。
阿曰呢，魏曰哒，西番语也。无毒。消肉积，化宿食，杀诸虫，破 瘕冷气，去臭气，下恶气，辟瘟疫，
止霍乱，心腹冷痛，祛疟疾，除传尸邪鬼蛊毒，兼治小儿疳积，杀一切蕈菜毒。状如桃胶黄散，极臭而能止臭。
取半铢安熟铜器中一宿，至明沾处白如银者真。凡使，先于净钵中研粉了，于热酒器上 过用。
罂粟壳
罂粟壳酸涩亦温，久泻痢嗽劫其根，收气入肾治骨痛，鸦片性急须少食。
即罂粟壳也。治脾泻久痢涩肠及虚劳久嗽，又收固气，入肾治骨病。虽有劫病之功，然暴嗽、泻者用之，杀
人如剑。水洗去筋膜，蜜炒黄色。鸦片，又名阿芙蓉。即罂粟花开时，用竹针刺十数孔，其津自出，次日以竹
刀刮在银器内，待积取多了，以纸封固，晒二七日即成片矣。治同上。性急，不可多用。
以上调中消导药。
猪苓
猪苓淡苦气亦平，行水消浮烦渴宁，伤寒胃病疟疫用，更止湿热暴遗精。
形如猪粪，与茯苓义同。无毒。升而微降，阳中阴也，入足太阳、少阴经。除湿，利水道，治肿胀满急
痛，从脚上至小腹肿，小便不利，及妇人子淋、子肿。治中暑消渴，解伤寒瘟疫大热发汗，主 疟，解毒蛊疰
不祥。勿听子云∶止泄精。脾经湿热流入肾经，用以渗泄，中病即止。此药苦以泄滞，淡以利窍，渗真气，燥
津液，无湿证者忌用，有湿证而肾虚者亦忌。久服损肾昏目。肉白而实者佳。铜刀削去黑皮，微焙干用。
泽泻
泽泻甘咸泻水浮，止渴泄善通淋溲，治痞除痹肾风疥，下乳催亦可求。
生汝南池泽，性能泻水。气寒，无毒。沉而降，阳中阴也。入足太阳、少阴经。逐三焦膀胱停水留垢，
伐肾邪水，分利小水之捷药也。故曰∶水病湿肿灵丹，小便淋涩仙药。止烦渴、泻痢，除五脏痞满，风寒湿痹，
肾脏风疮，通血脉，下乳难，催生，补女人血海，令有子，皆湿热凝滞病也。扁鹊云∶多服令人眼病。丹溪云∶
眼中有水属膀胱，渗利太过则水涸而火上盛，故眼病也。仲景八味丸用之，亦不过接引桂、附归肾耳。诸书云∶
止阴汗，生新水，补虚损，补阴不足，止泄精，为正剂，非也。凡淋渴，水肿，肾虚所致者亦不可用。形大而
长，尾有两歧者佳。去芦酒浸一宿，日干。畏海蛤、文蛤。叶，主大风，乳汁不出，产难，强阴气。实，主风
痹，消渴，除邪湿，益肾强阴，久服令无子。
瞿麦
瞿麦气寒辛苦味，利膀胱治诸癃闭，破血通经逐死胎，出刺排脓除目翳。
瞿然而高尺余，叶尖青色，根紫黑色，形如细蔓菁，五月开紫红花，似映山红，七月结实作穗似麦，故名
瞿麦。处处有之。无毒。阳中微阴。逐膀胱邪逆，利小便为君，关格，五淋，癃闭，小便不通，热者用之。
又下闭血，通月经，破血块，催生堕胎或子死腹中，出竹木刺入肉，下骨鲠，决痈肿排脓，明目去翳。单用空
心服之，令人气咽、遗溺，小肠虚者禁用。本草又云∶养肾气，止霍乱，长毛发，亦为湿热者言耳。叶，治小
儿蛔虫，痔 泻血，水煎服。服丹石药发眼目肿痛及肿毒浸淫，妇人阴疮，并捣敷之。不用茎叶，只用实壳，
以竹沥浸一时晒干。蓑草、牡丹皮为使。恶螵蛸。
紫草
紫草苦寒利九窍，肿疸卒淋俱可疗，荡腹心邪治伤寒，痘疹面 为最妙。
色紫。无毒。利九窍，通水道，疗腹胀满痛、五疸、卒淋涩痛，祛荡心腹邪气，伤寒时疾多用之。善发
小儿痘疹不出。又豌豆疮、面 、恶疮 癣及恶虫咬，紫草煎油涂之。去头须，以黄蜡溶化投水，用蜡水蒸之，
或酒洗。
木瓜
木瓜酸温消肿痹，最治霍乱与香港脚，止渴
消痰和腹心，入肝养肾滋脾肺。
木实如瓜，良果也，嫩者佳，枝亦可用。无毒。入手足太阴经。消水肿湿痹，霍乱吐泻转筋不止，下气消
食最良。治奔豚香港脚，止渴，降痰唾，疗冷热痢、心腹痛。东垣云∶气脱则能收，气滞则能和。《衍义》云∶
Numbness and pain. *Yaoxing Lun* (Treatise on the Properties of Medicinals) states: "It primarily treats diseases of the skin and hair," which refers to this herb. It also unites the joints, benefits the large and small intestines, thins the fetus to facilitate delivery. It is contraindicated for those with Qi and Blood deficiency. Processing method: Soak in water until soft, remove the pith, stir-fry with bran until fragrant.
Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange)
Zhi Shi has a more potent nature than Zhi Qiao. Its therapeutic indications are largely similar to treating the hypochondrium and abdomen. It further eliminates spleen stasis and breaks down hard accumulations; it should not be taken mistakenly by those with loose stools or impotence.
It is the same species as Zhi Qiao. The fruit that is larger, yellowish-purple in color, and has more pith is called Zhi Qiao; the fruit that is smaller, greenish in color, solid inside with less pith is called Zhi Shi. It is non-toxic. Its action floats and descends, belonging to pure Yin. It expels retained water, resolves phlegm-fluids, expands the chest and hypochondrium, calms Stomach Qi, stops wheezing and counterflow, breaks down accumulations, benefits the five Zang organs, and removes cold-heat knots. Its efficacy is the same as Zhi Qiao. However, Zhi Qiao has a mild and slow nature, while Zhi Shi has a potent and rapid nature. It can further remove blood stasis from the spleen; once the stasis is removed, the epigastric fullness naturally dissipates. It removes old thick phlegm and dissolves long-standing hard accumulations. Danxi said: For cases where Spleen-Stomach damp-heat generates phlegm and accumulation, combine it with Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), using one-quarter the dosage of Bai Zhu. When treating the Spleen, Zhi Shi is used, possessing the power to push down walls and topple battlements; thus, it treats lower conditions and primarily acts on the blood level in the heart and abdomen. When treating the Stomach, Zhi Qiao is used, as it damages the highest Qi; thus, it treats upper conditions and primarily acts on the Qi level in the chest and diaphragm. Both are agents that dredge, drain, lubricate orifices, and break solid accumulations. Ben Cao states: "It stops loose stools, benefits Qi, and brightens the eyes." This refers to the fact that after the accumulation is removed, the Spleen becomes robust and the spirit clear. *Yaoxing Lun* states: "For internal cold injury to the Kidney, resulting in impotence with Qi stagnation, add this herb to reach the lower body." In summary, it can be used for excess patterns, but must not be taken mistakenly by those with deficiency or chronic illness. Haizang said: "When benefiting Qi, assist with Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix), Bai Zhu, and Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger); when breaking Qi, assist with Qian Niu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen), Mang Xiao (Natrii Sulfas), and Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). These are those who skillfully use Zhi Shi!" Also, taken in equal parts with Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) as a paste pill, it treats intestinal wind with bleeding; taken alone as a honey pill, it treats the five types of hemorrhoids; taken as powder mixed with water, it treats chest bi with Qi obstruction, discomfort in the heart and diaphragm, as well as chronic dysentery in children with dribbling, and indigestion of water and grain; stir-fried and applied hot, it treats painful swelling of the female vulva. Both Zhi Qiao and Zhi Shi are best sourced from Shangzhou and aged; soak in water until soft, remove the pith, and stir-fry with bran.
Hou Po (Magnolia Bark)
Hou Po is bitter and warm, eliminating phlegm-dampness; it most effectively disperses acute abdominal distension and pain. It treats cholera, accumulated dysentery, and headache; it treats bi syndrome, eliminates stasis, and unifies the meridians.
The bark is thick and simple. Flavor: bitter, pungent. Non-toxic. It can ascend and descend, belonging to Yang within Yin. It resolves phlegm and directs Qi downward, removes dampness from the Stomach, expels condensed water, drains the Bladder, and vents all Qi of the five Zang organs. It treats irritability, pain, and fullness in the heart and abdomen; it is a divine medicine for dissipating knots. It treats cholera with muscle cramps, cold counterflow in the Stomach, incessant vomiting in the chest, or vomiting of sour fluid, digests retained food, thickens the intestines and stomach, dispels years-old cold Qi, abdominal borborygmus, stops diarrhea and dysentery. It also treats headache and chills/fever caused by wind-stroke or cold damage, Qi-Blood bi, dead flesh, harmonizes joints, and breaks old blood. It regulates menstruation in women, and addresses discomfort of the abdominal organs before and after childbirth. It also calms palpitations, treats strangury, and removes three types of parasites. *Ben Jing* states: "When used with Zhi Shi and Da Huang, it can vent excess fullness and resolve heat-distension, which is resolving phlegm and directing Qi downward; when used with Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) and Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), it can eliminate damp-fullness and calm the Stomach Qi, which is warming the middle and benefiting Qi; when used with exterior-resolving medicines, it treats cold damage headache; when used with purgatives, it thickens the intestines and stomach." Generally, bitter flavors vent, while warm flavors tonify. Those with weak Stomach Qi and deficiency dare not use it, because its bitter and pungent nature can scatter the body's True Qi. This is what Danxi meant when he said that Hou Po is used in Ping Wei San not to prevent the Stomach Earth from becoming excessive and returning to balance, thereby achieving harmony, but rather it is not referring to warming and tonifying. Alas! Zhu Li (Bamboo Sap) and Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) are cool yet tonifying; Ju Pi and Hou Po are hot yet venting. Users must comprehend this. Meat that is thick and purple is superior. Remove the rough bark. For decoctions, stir-fry with fresh ginger juice; for pills, roast with vinegar or lard. Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) is the assistant. It fears Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Han Shui Shi (Halloysitum Rubrum), and Xiao Shi (Nitrums). Avoid beans.
She Gan (Belamcandae Rhizoma)
She Gan is bitter and cold, clearing food-heat; it reduces distension, directs Qi downward, and expels old blood. It breaks up masses, unifies meridians, and treats pediatric hernia; it treats sores, throat wind, and phlegm nodules.
Its shape resembles a pole for shooting birds. It has slight toxicity. It opens the stomach and promotes appetite, removes severe heat from food and drink, disperses heat in the chest, treats rebellious Qi in the abdomen, chest and abdominal distension, lung wheezing and cough, and counterflow Qi. It treats old blood in the heart and spleen, foul breath during coughing and speaking, breaks up knots, masses, and blood stasis, unifies menstrual closure in women, treats pediatric hernia with swelling and pain like stabbing upon onset, disperses knotting Qi, reduces swelling and toxins, removes gastric abscesses, and treats perineal sores. When dampness of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian is triggered by fatigue, take three cun combined with fresh ginger, decoct and drink; urinating two or three times brings immediate effect. It also treats sore throat where swallowing fluids is difficult, inability to breathe or swallow, and swallowing saliva leads to immediate recovery. Danxi said: It belongs to Metal but possesses Wood, Fire, and Water natures. It moves accumulated phlegm in the Taiyin and Jueyin meridians, causing nodules to dissolve very quickly. Long-term use causes deficiency. It is the root of Wu Shan (Iris Tectorii Rhizoma); the purple-flowered variety is authentic, the red-flowered is not. Harvest in March. Soak in rice washing water overnight, then dry in the sun.
Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos)
Xuan Fu Hua is salty, sweet, cold, and acrid; it expels water, resolves phlegm, stops vomiting and choking. It expands the chest and hypochondrium, clears wind from the head and eyes, treats bi syndrome, and benefits intestinal and organ knots.
The flower resembles a chrysanthemum, pale yellow-green, lush, round, and drooping downwards. Commonly known as Jin Fei Cao. It has slight toxicity. It treats phlegm-water in the heart and hypochondrium, and retained fluids in the Bladder, cold-heat edema, eliminates phlegm knots in the upper chest, sputum like glue or lacquer, opens the stomach, stops vomiting and inability to eat; treats epigastric hardness and fullness after sweating, vomiting, or purging for cold damage, incessant belching, and Qi knotting with hypochondriac fullness; removes wind from the head and face, eye discharge, wind-damp bi, dead flesh in the skin, benefits the large intestine, and removes cold-heat Qi knots in the five Zang organs. It also unifies blood vessels, removes fright, tonifies the middle, and directs Qi downward. *Yanyi* states: "This is a dispersing medicine; it is contraindicated if there is any involvement of deficiency." Remove stems and leaves, steam until cooked, then dry in the sun. For decoctions, filter through silk cloth to avoid injuring the lungs. Leaves treat metal wounds and stop bleeding; apply crushed externally. Roots treat severed tendons from cuts; crush and squeeze juice immediately into the wound, then seal with the dregs. After half a month, the severed tendon heals itself. There is another type called Xuan Hua, with similar properties, but few recognize it now, so it is not included.
Da Fu Pi (Arecae Pericarpium)
Da Fu Pi is pungent, warm, and non-toxic; it reduces swelling, relieves distension, calms asthma, stops cholera, and unifies the large and small intestines. It treats phlegm-obstruction, acid reflux, and Qi attacking the abdomen.
The flat and large fruit is called Da Fu, while the pointed one is called Bing Lang (Areca Seed). Da Fu Pi reduces swelling and distension, calms asthma, stops cholera, unifies the large and small intestines, treats cold and hot Qi attacking the heart and abdomen, large intestine toxic abscesses, phlegm-obstruction, and acid reflux. Decoct with ginger and salt. It is excellent in Qi-moving formulas, descending all types of Qi, harmonizing the middle, opening the Spleen, and strengthening the Stomach. Danxi said: "Its nature is warm, dredging excess Qi in the Spleen and Stomach; it cannot be used by those with deficiency." Vulture birds often perch on this tree; wash with wine first, then with soybean juice, and bake over fire until red.
San Leng (Sparganii Rhizoma)
Jing San Leng is bitter, pungent, neutral, and astringent; it eliminates accumulations and dissipates masses with immediate effect. It also treats abdominal distension and pain, breaks blood, unifies meridians, and promotes lactation.
"Jing" should be read as "Jing" (from Jingchu region). It grows in the Chu region. Leaves resemble Jiao Pu, stems are triangular. Non-toxic. Yang within Yin. Treats old masses, jia, and accumulations. Moves Qi and expands the chest; most suitable for Qi distension and drum-like fullness. For women with irregular menstruation, stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen, unifies menstruation, postpartum abdominal pain, blood晕 (fainting due to blood loss), old blood, and Qi stagnation preventing lactation. Also treats pediatric epilepsy-heat and innocent masses. Used for traumatic blood stasis. White color corresponds to Qi. Breaks Qi within blood; do not use if True Qi is deficient. Those with fine roots curved like claws are named Ji Zhua San Leng (Chicken Claw San Leng) or Cao San Leng (Grass San Leng); those without fine roots, shaped like dark plums, are named Hei San Leng (Black San Leng); roots yellow-white, shaped like hairpins, are named Shi San Leng (Stone San Leng); yellow, heavy, resembling small carp, are named Jing San Leng, considered superior. They are essentially the same substance, differing only in the strength of their action. For medicinal use, cook in vinegar until soft, chop, dry, or stir-fry with fire.
E Zhu (Curcumae Rhizoma)
Peng E Mao is bitter and pungent, expelling water; it treats heart and spleen diseases, breaks Qi knots. It stabilizes cholera and stops ben tun, eliminates stasis, regulates menstruation, and benefits women.
Lush and茂盛 (lush), it is E Zhu. Nature: warm. Non-toxic. Expels water and moves Qi; best at breaking accumulations. Treats heart and abdominal pain, sudden evil, zombie qi, ghost qi, mass-cold qi, cholera with sour vomiting, indigestion, opens the stomach, and transforms food. Treats all types of Qi, male ben tun, female blood-Qi heart pain. Unifies menstruation, eliminates blood stasis; frequently used in women's prescriptions. Also stops bleeding from trauma and internal damage from bad blood, resolves various toxins. Black color corresponds to blood. Breaks blood within Qi. When combined with Qi medicines, it enhances the fragrance of other herbs; although it is a draining agent, it can also benefit Qi. Sun Yonghe treated shortness of breath unable to connect and slippery frequent urination with E Zhu and Jin Ling Zi (Chloranthi Fructus) each 1 liang, and Peng Sha (Borax) 1 qian, ground into powder, taken with salt water on an empty stomach, 2 qian, named Mao Ling San. Cook in aged vinegar until soft, chop, dry, or stir-fry with vinegar and fire; combining with wine and vinegar is good.
Bian Dou (Lablab Album)
Bian Dou is sweet and neutral, assisting the Stomach and Spleen; it harmonizes the middle, directs Qi downward, and is suitable for cholera. It clears summerheat and resolves various toxins; it is especially miraculous for treating leukorrhea in women.
Shape is flat, not round. There are black and white varieties. Black ones are smaller and cold. Use the white variety for medicine. Flavor: sweet, slightly warm. Non-toxic. Tonifies the Stomach, Spleen, and five Zang organs, harmonizes the middle, and directs Qi downward. Stops cholera vomiting and diarrhea, clears summerheat, moves wind-Qi, resolves all plant, wood, and alcohol toxins, kills pufferfish toxin. Processing: remove skin, stir-fry with ginger juice. Flowers treat red and white leukorrhea in women; take dry powder mixed with rice water. Leaves treat cholera and muscle cramps after vomiting and diarrhea. Crush fresh, soak in a little vinegar, drink juice, or apply externally for snake bites. Boil with vinegar to treat masses. Do not eat if suffering from chills and fever. Steamed young pods are delicious; do not eat if suffering from cold Qi.
Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen)
Yi Yi Ren is sweet and cold, removing wind-dampness; it treats muscle spasms and bone pain with difficulty in flexion and extension. It benefits the lungs, unifies the intestines, removes lung萎 (atrophy), promotes appetite, and has a gentle nature.
Yi means intention; Yi means seed. Non-toxic. Treats wind-damp bi, muscle spasms, bone pain, numbness, difficulty in flexion and extension, and wet/dry hong kong jiao (podagra). Reduces edema, benefits the intestines and stomach. Treats lung atrophy and lung abscess with expectoration of pus and blood, coughing, nasal discharge, counterflow Qi, and rough skin on the chest. Long-term use benefits Qi, promotes appetite, has a gentle nature, and does not cause jealousy. Dosage should be double that of other herbs; true seeds stick to teeth when chewed. Wash with water, lightly stir-fry, or stir-fry with glutinous rice until hot, then remove rice. Formula for jealousy: Yi Yi Ren, Tian Men Dong (Asparagi Radix), Chi Shu Mi (Red Sorghum) in equal parts, made into honey pills. Men and women taking them will not feel jealous.
Shen Qu (Massa Medicata Fermentata)
Shen Qu is sweet and warm, breaking hard masses; it resolves phlegm in the heart and diaphragm, promotes diet, harmonizes the middle, stops diarrhea, stops cholera. It also treats dysentery, hemorrhoids, and relapse due to labor.
Shen refers to being made according to the Six Spirits; Qu means rotting, fermenting to generate mold and decay. Non-toxic. Pure Yang. Enters the Foot Yangming Meridian. Breaks knots, water abdomen hard as a plate, resolves Qi in the heart and diaphragm, phlegm counterflow with chest fullness, blockage in the intestines and stomach, inability to eat. Suitable for opening the stomach, strengthening the Spleen, digesting water and grain. Stops cholera and diarrhea, dysentery with red and white discharge. Digests food-hemorrhoids, treats relapse of cold damage due to diet and labor; also treats wind-Qi in the viscera, tonifies deficiency, removes cold Qi; induces abortion, expels "ghost fetus," treats sudden fetal restlessness, or lower back pain with fetus turning to the heart, continuous bleeding, pediatric epilepsy. If six livestock die from eating rice and bloating, decoct and pour into mouth for immediate resolution. Bran Qu is cool, enters the Large Intestine, and also digests food accumulation. Red Qu invigorates blood and digests food. Method for making Shen Qu: On June 6th or the Yin day of the Three Fu periods, collect 3 liang of Liao Cao (Polygoni Hydropiperis Herba), 6 liang each of Qing Hao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba) and Cang Er Cao (Xanthii Herba), crush to extract natural juice. Mix with 1 liang of Xing Ren (Pruni Semen) powder, 2 sheng of bran white flour, and 1 bowl of Chi Xiao Dou (Vigna Angularis). Cook until soft, remove skins, grind. Then mix with the extracted juices, press firmly to form the qu. Follow the method for making yeast; the older the better. Stir-fry until fragrant for medicinal use.
Mai Ya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus)
Mai Ya is sweet and warm, breaking cold accumulations; it effectively stops cholera, expands the chest and diaphragm. It benefits upper jiao stasis and phlegm, directs Qi downward, expands the intestines, and saves from obstetric emergencies.
Soak barley in water; sprout it without processing to make Mai Ya. Non-toxic. Breaks jia and cold Qi, stops cholera, treats retained food stagnation, chest and diaphragm distension, moves stagnant blood in the upper jiao, abdominal borborygmus, resolves phlegm, directs Qi downward, expands intestines, opens stomach, and is a fast medicine for tonifying Spleen and warming the middle. Suitable for those with weak Stomach Qi, to replace the Wuji (Spleen/Stomach) function of rotting and ripening food. However, excessive or long-term consumption consumes the Kidney. Therefore, it is used by women to induce delivery or abort, and for postpartum constipation and鼓胀 (drum-like distension) with obstruction. Stir-fry until yellow, pound, and remove husks. Dou Kou (Cardamomi Fructus), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus), Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus), and Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) are assistants.
Tang Qiu Zi (Crataegi Fructus)
Tang Qiu Zi transforms food, opens knotting Qi, resolves phlegm-accumulation and stasis, strengthens Spleen and Stomach. It also treats dysentery and lower back pain; it is effective for postpartum abdominal pain.
It is Shan Zha (Crataegi Fructus). Zha means coarse, not a beautiful fruit. Tang Qiu refers to unripe, sour, and astringent Shan Zha. Non-toxic. Digests food accumulation, transforms retained stagnation, moves knotting Qi, eliminates mass, phlegm, and blood clumps. Treats abdominal痞 (fullness) with fever; it is a beautiful medicine for strengthening the Spleen and opening the diaphragm. Also treats dysentery and lower back pain. Promotes ulcer healing, eliminates stagnant blood. Danxi treated postpartum lochia retention with abdominal pain, or "child pillow" pain, by decocting 100 Shan Zha in water, adding a little brown sugar, and taking on an empty stomach for effectiveness. Aged products are better. Steam until soft in water, remove pits, and dry. Ripened on the tree, commonly known as Mao Zha or Shan Li Hong Guo, has the same nature and is good for children to eat.
Shi Jun Zi (Quisqualis Fructus)
Shi Jun Zi is sweet, warm, and neutral; it is most effective for treating the five kinds of gan (malnutrition) in children. It kills parasites, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and clears turbid urine.
Named after General Guo who used it to treat children. Non-toxic. Treats the five kinds of pediatric gan, brightens the eyes, kills accumulated parasites, stops diarrhea and dysentery, and clears white turbidity in urine. Remove shell, use the kernel, or use both shell and kernel.
A Wei (Ferulae Resina)
A Wei is pungent and warm, digesting meat accumulations; it kills parasites, breaks masses, dispels epidemics. It treats cholera, stops heart and abdominal pain, food malaria, transmissive corpses, and gu poison.
"A" means ni, "Wei" means da, in Western Fan language. Non-toxic. Digests meat accumulations, transforms retained food, kills all parasites, breaks jia and cold Qi, removes foul odor, descends bad Qi, wards off epidemics, stops cholera, treats cold pain in heart and abdomen, dispels malaria, removes transmissive corpse evil ghosts and gu poison. Also treats pediatric gan accumulation, kills all mushroom and vegetable toxins. Resembles peach gum and yellow powder, extremely foul-smelling yet able to stop foul odors. Take half zhu, place in a clean copper vessel overnight; the area touched turns white as silver in the morning, which is authentic. Processing: Grind into powder in a clean mortar, then pass over a hot wine vessel before use.
Ying Su Ke (Papaveris Pericarpium)
Ying Su Ke is sour, astringent, and warm; it arrests the root of chronic diarrhea, dysentery, and cough. It gathers Qi and enters the Kidney to treat bone pain. Opium has an urgent nature and should be consumed in small amounts.
It is Ying Su Ke. Treats Spleen diarrhea, chronic dysentery, astringes the intestines, and treats chronic cough due to deficiency-consumption. It also consolidates Qi, enters the Kidney to treat bone diseases. Although it has the power to arrest disease, using it for acute cough or diarrhea is like a sword killing people. Wash to remove membranes, stir-fry with honey until yellow. Opium, also known as A Fu Rong. When the poppy flower blooms, prick ten or more holes with a bamboo needle; the juice exudes naturally. The next day, scrape it into a silver vessel with a bamboo knife. When accumulated enough, seal with paper and dry for two seven-day periods until it forms pieces. Treatment is the same. Nature is urgent; do not use excessively.
Above are medicines for regulating the middle and promoting digestion.
Zhu Ling (Polyporus)
Zhu Ling is bland and bitter, with a neutral qi; it moves water, reduces floating edema, and calms thirst and irritability. It is used for cold damage, Stomach disease, malaria, and epidemics. It also stops sudden seminal emission due to damp-heat.
Shape resembles pig feces, with the same meaning as Fu Ling. Non-toxic. Ascends and slightly descends, Yang within Yin. Enters the Foot Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians. Removes dampness, benefits water passages, treats swelling, fullness, urgency, and pain, swelling from feet to lower abdomen, difficult urination, as well as zi lin (painful urinary dysfunction in pregnancy) and zi zhong (edema in pregnancy) in women. Treats heatstroke and thirst, resolves high fever sweating from cold damage and epidemics, treats malaria, detoxifies gu and zombie evils. Do not listen to Zi Yun saying it stops seminal emission. When damp-heat from the Spleen meridian flows into the Kidney meridian, use it to secrete and drain; stop when the disease is cured. This medicine uses bitterness to vent stagnation and blandness to benefit orifices, seeps True Qi, dries fluids. Contraindicated for those without dampness patterns, and also for those with dampness patterns and Kidney deficiency. Long-term use damages the Kidney and blurs vision. White and solid flesh is superior. Scrape off black skin with a copper knife, lightly dry-roast, and use.
Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma)
Ze Xie is sweet and salty, draining floating water; it stops thirst and diarrhea, effectively unifies strangury and urination. It treats痞 (fullness), removes bi, kidney wind, and scabies. It can also promote lactation and induce delivery.
Grows in the ponds of Runan, capable of draining water. Nature: cold. Non-toxic. Sinks and descends, Yang within Yin. Enters the Foot Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians. Expels retained water and filth in the Triple Burner and Bladder, attacks Kidney pathogenic water, a quick medicine for separating and benefiting urination. Thus it is said: "A spiritual pill for water diseases and damp edema, an immortal medicine for strangury and difficult urination." Stops thirst and diarrhea, removes fullness in the five Zang organs, wind-cold-damp bi, kidney wind sores, unifies blood vessels, promotes lactation, induces delivery, tonifies the woman's Blood Sea, enabling conception; these are all diseases of damp-heat stagnation. Bian Que said: "Long-term use causes eye diseases." Danxi said: "Water in the eyes belongs to the Bladder; excessive drainage dries the water and allows fire to flourish, causing eye diseases." Zhongjing uses it in Ba Wei Wan merely to guide Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) back to the Kidney. Various books claim it stops阴汗 (yin sweat), generates new water, tonifies deficiency, supplements insufficient Yin, and stops seminal emission as a correct agent; this is incorrect. It cannot be used for strangury, thirst, edema, or those caused by Kidney deficiency. Large and long shape with a forked tail is superior. Remove the rhizome neck, soak in wine overnight, then dry. It fears Hai Ge (Concha Arcae) and Wen Ge (Concha Mercenariae). Leaves treat major wind, lack of milk, difficult labor, and strengthen Yin Qi. Seeds treat wind-bi, diabetes, remove evil dampness, benefit the Kidney and strengthen Yin; long-term use causes infertility.
Qu Mai (Dianthi Herba)
Qu Mai has cold nature and bitter-pungent flavor; it benefits the Bladder and treats various long-bi (urinary obstruction). It breaks blood, unifies meridians, expels dead fetus, removes splinters, drains pus, and removes corneal opacity.
Standing tall over a chi, leaf tips are cyan, roots are purple-black, shape resembles small turnips. Blooms purple-red flowers in May, resembling azaleas. Bears fruit like wheat spikes in July, hence the name Qu Mai. Found everywhere. Non-toxic. Slightly Yin within Yang. Expels rebellious Qi in the Bladder, benefits urination as the chief herb. Treats guan ge (obstruction and counterflow), five types of lin, long-bi, and inability to urinate; use for heat patterns. Also closes closed blood, unifies menstruation, breaks blood clots, induces delivery or abortion, or expels dead fetus in the womb. Removes bamboo or wood splinters embedded in flesh, dislodges fish bones, resolves abscesses and drains pus, brightens eyes and removes opacity. Taken alone on an empty stomach, it causes Qi suffocation and enuresis; contraindicated for those with weak Small Intestine. Ben Cao also says: "Tonifies Kidney Qi, stops cholera, promotes hair growth," which also refers to damp-heat patterns. Leaves treat pediatric roundworms, hemorrhoidal bleeding; decoct and drink. For eye swelling and pain caused by Danchi medicines, spreading sores, and female yin sores, crush and apply externally. Do not use stems and leaves; use only the fruit shells. Soak in bamboo sap for one hour, then dry. Suo Cao (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma) and Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) are assistants. It dislikes Piao Xiao (Sepia Ecrius).
Zi Cao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma / Lithospermi Radix)
Zi Cao is bitter and cold, benefiting the nine orifices. It treats swelling, jaundice, and sudden strangury. It sweeps away evil in the abdomen and heart, treating cold damage. It is most excellent for rashes and facial spots.
Color is purple. Non-toxic. Benefits the nine orifices, unifies water passages, treats abdominal distension and pain, five types of jaundice, sudden strangury with painful urination, sweeps away evil Qi in the heart and abdomen, frequently used for cold damage and seasonal diseases. Effectively promotes eruption of pediatric chickenpox/rubella. Also used for cowpox, facial spots, malignant sores, tinea, and insect bites; decoct Zi Cao in oil and apply. Remove head and roots, melt yellow wax, add to water, steam with wax water, or wash with wine.
Mu Gua (Chaenomelis Fructus)
Mu Gua is sour and warm, reducing swelling and treating bi. It most effectively treats cholera and hong kong jiao (podagra). It stops thirst, resolves phlegm, harmonizes the heart and abdomen. It enters the Liver, nourishes the Kidney, and moistens the Spleen and Lungs.
Fruit resembles a melon, a good fruit; tender ones are superior, branches are also usable. Non-toxic. Enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians. Reduces edema and damp-bi, cholera vomiting and diarrhea with incessant muscle cramps, directs Qi downward, and digests food best. Treats ben tun and hong kong jiao, stops thirst, lowers phlegm and saliva, treats cold-heat dysentery, and heart-abdominal pain. Dongyuan said: "When Qi collapses, it can gather; when Qi stagnates, it can harmonize." *Yanyi* states: