心，君脏也，神明居焉。
心者，一身之主，君主之官。有血肉之心，形如未开莲花，居肺下肝上是也。有神明之心，神者，气血所
化，生之本也，万物由之盛长，不着色象，谓有何有？谓无复存，主宰万事万物，虚灵不昧者是也，然形神亦
恒相同。赤色。小理者，心小，心小则安，邪弗能伤，易伤以忧；粗理者，心大，心大则忧不能伤，易伤于邪。
无KT 者，心高，心高则满于肺中， 而善忘，难开以言。 KT 小短举者，心下，心下则脏外易伤于寒，
易恐以言； KT 长者，心坚，心坚则脏安守固； KT 弱小以薄者，心脆，心脆则善病消痹热中； KT 直
下不举者，心端正，心端正则和邪难伤； KT 倚一方者，心偏倾，心偏倾则操持不一，无守司也。凡心之病，
皆因忧愁思虑、而后邪得以入之。此圣人所以无心病也。
七窍三毛，星应荧惑台斗∶
荧惑，南岳火星。七孔以应北斗七星，三毛以应三台，故此心至诚，则帝宰无所不应之，此上智聪明之
人也。中智五窍三毛，下智三窍一毛，常人二窍无毛，愚人一窍，下愚一小窍，无窍则神无出入之门。心应南
方荧惑星，肝应东方岁星，脾应中岳镇星，肺应西方太白星，肾应北方辰星。
十有二两，系通肺叶关元。
心重十二两，不论大小皆然，以同身寸法秤量故也。五脏系通于心，心通五脏系，心之系与五脏之系相连，
输其血气，渗灌骨髓，故五脏有病，先干于心。其系上系于肺，其别者自肺两叶之中，向后通脊者肾，自肾而
至于膀胱，与膀胱膜络并行而之溲溺处，乃关元下极部分。
内主血而外应舌，盛则荣发华面；
人身动则血行于诸经，静则血藏于肝脏，故肝为血海，心乃内营运之，是心主血也。舌者心之苗，故外应
舌。舌和则知五味。发者血之苗，血盛则发润，心荣色，其华在面。
所恶热而所喜静，衰则懒语错言。
心本热，虚则寒耳。心恶热，肝恶风，脾恶湿，肺恶寒，肾恶燥。心静则安，心动则躁，延年不老，心静
而已。人年六十，则心气衰而言多错忘。
丙丁伤风，癫痫嗜卧脉痿；
丙丁日伤于风者，为心风。其状多汗恶风，唇焦赤，剥皮，甚则言不可快，嗜卧而为癫痫神乱，善怒吓人。
心之风为行痹，五痹以夏
遇之，则为脉痹，膝腕枢纽如折，胫筋纵缓，不能任用于地。或疑下体肝肾所主，孰不知心火内燔，阴上隔阳，
下不守位，肝肾亦随火炎而筋脉上逆也。又心痹则脉不通利，心下鼓满，喜噫之以出其气，上气喘急，嗌干气
逆，则生恐惧。或问丙丁伤风不亦泥欤？曰∶此阴阳自然之妙也。春甲乙伤风为肝风，秋庚辛为肺风，冬壬癸
为肾风，四季戊己为脾胃风。推之南风舍于心，则为心风，东肝、西肺、北肾，皆此义也。
庚辛滞气，伏梁萦痛生烦。
肾病传心，心当传肺，肺秋旺，旺者不受邪，心复欲还肾，肾不肯受，故留结为积，故知伏梁以秋庚辛日
得之。其积形有似手臂，而在脐畔萦系，伏而不动，如屋之栋梁然。久不愈，令人心烦而闷，或夜眠不安。
热则火炎，喜笑而口糜，目黄咽疮，甚则狂渴无汗流衄；
笑者，火之象也。心实则笑，心虚则悲。口糜者，口疮糜烂也。目黄者，湿热熏蒸也。咽疮者，手少阴之
正，别入于渊腋两筋之间，属于心，上走咽咙，出于面，合目内 ，此为四合也。谵语发狂，热则神昏而乱，
渴者火盛，则肾液干而咽路焦。汗为心液，热则无汗，得汗则肾水准而皮润，火不受克矣。血乃心主，热逼上
行，虚则为衄、为唾，凡热者颐必先赤，当预防之。
虚则神昏，梦飞而健忘，惊悸不乐，其则胸腹腰胁痛牵。
心实则梦可忧、可惊、可怪之事，虚则魂梦飞扬。气逆于心，则梦丘山烟火，健忘失记，惊悸不安，心内懊
不乐，皆心血少也。胸胁腰胁相引痛者，手心主厥阴之脉，从胸中出，属心包，下鬲历络三焦；其支别者，
循胸出胁，心系下鬲络小肠，故病如是也。
血滞经闭可治，
女子不月，多因劳极惊悸，暴忧思虑，以致心气不足，而后血滞不行，不治其血，而通其心可也。
冷痰真痛难援。
冷证即真心痛。手足俱冷，痰壅，乃水克火，必死。以上风、气、血、热、冷、虚，纂华氏、丹溪之法。有
非本脏病而兼见者，何故？盖五脏病邪自相互入，即如心风证∶为痫者，肝风入心也；为头重呕吐者，脾风入
心也；为咳嗽唾衄血者，肺风入心也；为眼旋生花者，肾风入心也。心气证∶为胁痛伏梁者，肝气入心也；为
背膊妨闷者，脾气入心也，为胸背痛短气夜卧不安者，脾气入心也；为 癖面黄者，肾气入心也。心热证∶为
舌干少唾者，肝热入心也；为目黄恶心者，脾热入心也；为咳逆喘气生疮者，肺热入心也；为癫狂骨烦者，肾
热入心也。心冷证∶为吐酸手足冷心痛者，肝肾冷入心，不治；为痰冷吐泻者，脾冷入心也；为悲思不乐者，
肺冷入心也。心虚证∶为惊悸不欲闻人语者，肝虚入心也；为食了旋饥，心中往往多热卧者，脾虚入心也；
为悲思鼻塞惊怖者，肺虚入心也；为四肢无力多汗者，肾虚入心也。举此心脏为例，余可类推。
凉以犀角生地牛黄，温则（当）归芍（药）吴萸（肉）桂苍（术）白术；泻以黄连苦参秦艽，补则（远）
志菖（蒲）菟（丝子）天（门冬）麦门冬。
《编注药性》补用酸枣仁、天竺黄、金银屑、麦门冬、远志、山药、红花、川芎、羚羊角、当归，泻用枳
实、葶苈、苦参、贝母、半夏、杏仁、郁金、玄胡索、前胡、黄连、木香，温用石菖蒲、藿香、苏子，凉以竹
叶、丹砂、矾石、玄明粉、牛黄、珍珠、麦门冬、郁金、黄连、知母、贝母、连翘、芦根、柴胡。《内照》又分
风、气、热、冷、虚用药。大概风宜凉药为主，兼以温泻；气宜温泻并用；热则纯用泻药；冷则纯用热药；虚
则纯用补药。各脏皆然。
吁！黍羊韭李，每食宜设；
其谷黍，其畜羊，心病宜食酸，小豆、犬肉、李、韭皆酸。
早夜欢乐，夏气常存。
夏三月，天地气交，夜卧早起，无厌于日，
使志无怒，长养之道也
小肠 上接胃口，受盛其糟粕传化∶下达膀（胱）广（肠大肠），泌别其清浊宣通。
小肠者，受盛之官，化物出焉。凡胃中腐熟水谷，其滓秽自胃之下口，并入于小肠上口，自小肠下口，泌
别清浊，水入膀胱上口，滓秽入大肠上口。
居脐上而长三丈二尺，脉纡则结；曲（左回迭积十六曲）十六而大二寸有四，形小难容。
胃之下口，乃小肠之上口，脐上一寸水分穴，则小肠下口，受谷二斗四升，水六升三合。合之大半。但
肠有浓薄大小之分，从脉知之，诸阳经脉皆纡曲，小肠气结。皮浓者，脉浓；脉浓者，小肠浓。皮薄者，脉薄；
脉薄者，小肠薄。皮缓者，脉缓；脉缓者，小肠大而长。皮薄而脉波小者，小肠小而短；小短者，则所容差小。
机发心极，
小肠与心相应，所以脐轮能知冷暖。常人二便由心所主，病则不能从令。
候在人中。
人配天地为三才。以面部言之∶鼻之下、口之上为中以配人，得阴阳交泰，其位居中，故曰人中。虚者
唇青下白。
脐 痛而成痢成疝者，属气；
脐下 痛，赤白痢，小肠疝气，连腰脊、控睾丸而疼，皆心气入小肠也。
肠激鸣而为淋为秘者，属风。
肠鸣作声，或时激痛，小便五种淋沥，或秘涩，以致肚腹胀急，皆心风入小肠也。
热入口渴生疮，火逆呕胀有异；
心热入小肠者，血热烦闷作渴，或虚火反逆入胃而为呕哕，小便不通。中满腹硬胀急不作渴者，未可
以淡渗也，古方滋肾丸最宜。
虚陷遗精懊 ，隐曲带浊相同。
心虚入小肠者，神魂恍惚、狂乱，梦中遗精，男子赤白浊，妇人赤白带，或阴中疮疡，隐曲不利，皆宜
清上固下，未可以大寒大热峻攻也。
冷凝水谷不化，
寒入下焦肠痛。
血滞肩颔肿红。
气热反上，则为头疼、咽痛、颔肿不可顾，肩如拔， 似折。血热反上，则为耳聋、目黄、腮颊肿痛。
补以牡蛎石斛，温则巴戟小茴（角茴）乌药；凉以茅根通草（天花粉、黄芩，）泻则（海）金砂荔核白
葱（续随子、紫苏。）降火邪二便自顺，灸水分一阳遂充。
肝者，将军之官，谋虑出焉；
勇而能断，故曰将军。潜发未明，故谋虑出焉。
罢极之本，魂所居也。
人身运动，皆筋力所为，肝养筋，故曰罢极之本。肝藏魂，魂者，神明之辅弼，故又曰肝为宰相。
两分七叶，色象春木繁荣；
肝有二布叶，一小叶，左三右四，共七叶，分两行，如木甲析之多叶也。叔和云∶实梦山林树，虚看细
草芒。
四斤四两，沉重庚金吸射。
肝重四斤四两。《难》曰∶肝得水而沉，木得水而浮，肺得水而浮，金得水而沉，其意何也？肝非纯木，
乙与庚合而吸其微阴之气，其意乐金，故令肝得水而沉也。肺非纯金，辛与丙合而就火，其意乐火，故令肺
得水而浮也。肺熟而复沉，肝熟而复浮者，何也？故辛当归庚，乙当归甲也。
连膈膜而形有软坚，
肝之系者，自膈下着右胁肋上，贯膈入肺中，与膈膜相连也。筋脉皆肝所主。如青色。小理者，肝小，
肝小则脏安无胁下之病；粗理者，肝大，肝大则逼胃迫咽，苦膈中且胁下痛。广胸反 者，肝高，肝高则上支
贲切胁，俯为息贲；合胁兔 者，肝下，肝下则逼胃胁下空，易受邪；胸胁好者，肝坚，肝坚则脏安难伤；胁骨
弱者，肝脆，肝脆则善病消瘅易伤；膺腹好相得者，肝端正，肝端正则和利难伤∶胁骨偏举者，肝偏倾，肝偏
倾则胁下痛也。
名血海而归于暮夜。
肝藏血，故名血海，血海有余，则常想其身大；不足，则常想其身狭小。昼则营运，眼受血能视，足受血能
步，掌受血能握，指受血能摄，夜卧则血归于肝。如有谋虑不决，肝虚为他脏移热，则妄行于口鼻，或为便溺，
乃肝不藏血也。又思色不遂，意淫于外，入房太甚，宗筋弛纵，发为筋痿，及为白淫。故经曰∶筋痿者，生于肝，
使内也。又转筋，亦肝所主也。
风动筋脉蜷缩， 满不便痈疽；
肝之合，筋也，凡外疮发于筋脉者，皆肝所主也。经曰∶脾移寒于肝，痈肿筋挛。
气逆头顶眩痛，积肥杯覆胁罅。
有所大怒，气上而不下。气逆于上，则头痛眩晕；积于胁，则为肥气，突出如肉肥盛之状也。《难》曰∶
肝之积名肥气，在左胁下如覆杯，有头足，久不愈，令人咳逆 疟，连岁不已，以季夏戊己日得之。何以言之？
肺病传肝，肝当传脾，脾季夏适旺，旺者不肯受邪。肝复欲还于肺，肺不肯受，故留结为积。小儿多有此病。
热争目赤惊狂，胁痛肢躁为疝 。
经络虽已受热，本脏犹未受邪，曰争。肝血热则目赤肿，虚则眼前生花。肝性静，热则狂言多惊骇，四肢躁
扰，卧不得安。肝热郁则胁痛。小腹牵茎囊痛者，名 疝。肝经湿热，为疝之本也。
虚则关节不利，腰连脚弱多惧怕。
血虚则周身关节不利，甚则筋骨蜷痿。血枯则腰疼脚弱，挟湿热者，膝胫痿痹。血不足则多惧，有余则多
怒。
血枯食至闻腥，
有病胸胁支满者，妨于食，食至则先闻腥臊臭气，唾出清液。先唾血，四肢清，目眩，时时前后泄血，病
名血枯。此得之年少时大脱血，若醉入房，中气竭，肝伤，故月事衰少不来也。
痰冷遗溺吐泻。
冷则痰起，胸满吐清水，恶食鲜菜，甚则遗溺不禁，或为洞泻。凡冷症皆难治。
补以木瓜阿胶，
川芎、黄 、人参、沙参、薏苡仁、五加皮、酸枣仁、芡实、胡黄连、草龙胆。
泻必青皮芍药柴胡；
前胡、青黛、橘叶、犀角、葳蕤、款冬花、吴萸、秦皮。
凉必鳖甲菊花，
草决明、车前子、三棱、芜荑。
温必木香肉桂半夏。
肉豆蔻、陈皮、槟榔、荜茇。
纵怒过劳病之源，被发飧麻勿任霸。
春三月，宜夜卧早起，被发缓形，生而勿杀，赏而勿罚，此春气之应，养生之道也。逆之则伤肝。麻者，
东方所用之粮也，肝病宜食麻与粳米、牛肉、枣、葵，味皆甘也。不拘何月得病，宜体春气以养之。
异哉胆也！无出入窍，而附于肝之叶间；水色金精，名清净腑，而避乎胃之私污。
胆者，金之精，水之色，其色玄，其形如悬瓠，其神为龟蛇，无出入窍，附肝之短叶间，不同六腑传化，
而为清净之腑。
藏精汁（三合）而验五爪青红，
肝虽应爪而胆合于肝。故爪浓色黄者，胆浓；爪薄色红者，胆薄；爪坚色青者，胆急；爪濡色赤者，胆
缓；爪直色白无约者，胆直；爪恶色黑多纹者，胆结。
行荣卫而重三两零数。
荣卫虽主于肺，而其流行则又主于胆也，故胆气始于子云。胆重三两三铢，三铢是今之一钱二分半也。
气痛心胁膊项不便，或发燥体枯面尘；
足少阳之正绕髀入毛际，合于厥阴。别者
入季胁之间，循胸里，属胆，散之上肝。贯心以上，挟咽出颐颔中，散于面系目系，合少阳于外 ，故气病如
The Heart is the Sovereign Organ, where the Shen (Spirit) resides.
The Heart is the master of the entire body, akin to a sovereign ruler. There is the physical heart, shaped like an unopened lotus flower, located below the lungs and above the liver. There is also the spiritual heart; the Shen is transformed from Qi and Blood, serving as the root of life. All things flourish and grow through it. It does not manifest specific colors or forms; if one says it exists, it seems present; if one says it does not exist, it is indeed there. It governs all things, being empty, spiritual, and unobscured. However, form and spirit often influence each other. Its color is red. If the texture is fine, the heart is small; a small heart is stable, and pathogenic factors cannot harm it, but it is easily injured by sorrow. If the texture is coarse, the heart is large; a large heart is not harmed by sorrow, but is easily injured by pathogens.
If the heart is high [implied context], it fills the lungs, leading to forgetfulness and difficulty in being persuaded by words. If it is low and short, it is positioned lower, making the viscera exposed and susceptible to cold, and prone to fear induced by speech. If it is long, the heart is firm, ensuring the viscera are peaceful and secure. If it is weak, small, and thin, the heart is fragile, prone to Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst), Bi syndrome (Obstruction), and internal heat. If it hangs straight down without rising, the heart is upright, harmonious, and difficult to injure. If it leans to one side, the heart is tilted, leading to inconsistent conduct and lack of control. All diseases of the Heart arise after sorrow and overthinking, allowing pathogens to enter. This is why the sages have no Heart diseases.
The seven orifices and three hairs correspond to the Yinghuo Star and Taidou Stars:
Yinghuo refers to the Mars of the Southern Peak. The seven orifices correspond to the Big Dipper, and the three hairs correspond to the Three Terraces. Thus, if this heart is sincere, the Emperor's governance will be responsive; this describes a person of superior wisdom and brightness. A person of medium wisdom has five orifices and three hairs; a person of inferior wisdom has three orifices and one hair; ordinary people have two orifices with no hair; fools have one orifice; the most foolish have a small orifice; those without orifices have no gate for the Shen to enter or exit. The Heart corresponds to the Yinghuo Star in the South; the Liver corresponds to the Suixing Star in the East; the Spleen corresponds to the Zhenxing Star in the Center; the Lungs correspond to the Taibai Star in the West; the Kidneys correspond to the Chenxing Star in the North.
Weighing twelve taels, its ties connect to the Lung lobes and Guanyuan point.
The Heart weighs twelve taels, regardless of size, measured by the "same-body inch" method. The ties of the Five Viscera connect to the Heart, and the Heart connects to the ties of the Five Viscera. The ties of the Heart connect with the ties of the Five Viscera, transporting Qi and Blood, permeating and irrigating the bone marrow. Therefore, when the Five Viscera are diseased, the Heart is affected first. Its upper tie connects to the Lungs. Its branches extend from between the two lung lobes, going backward to connect with the Kidneys along the spine. From the Kidneys to the Bladder, running parallel with the Bladder's membrane network to the area of urination, this is the lower extreme part of the Guanyuan point.
Internally governing Blood and externally corresponding to the tongue; when abundant, it manifests luster on the face.
When the body moves, Blood flows through the meridians; when still, Blood stores in the Liver. Thus, the Liver is the Sea of Blood, and the Heart circulates and manages it internally, which is why the Heart governs Blood. The tongue is the sprout of the Heart, hence it externally corresponds to the tongue. When the tongue is harmonious, one can taste the five flavors. Hair is the sprout of Blood; when Blood is abundant, hair is moist. The Heart nourishes the complexion, and its luster appears on the face.
It dislikes heat and prefers stillness; when declining, it leads to lethargy and confused speech.
The Heart is inherently hot; only when deficient does it become cold. The Heart dislikes heat, the Liver dislikes wind, the Spleen dislikes dampness, the Lungs dislike cold, and the Kidneys dislike dryness. Stillness brings peace to the Heart; agitation brings irritability. To prolong life and prevent aging, one must keep the Heart still. At sixty years old, Heart Qi declines, leading to frequent errors and forgetfulness in speech.
Wind injury on Bing-Ding days causes epilepsy, somnolence, and Mai Wei (Pulse Paralysis);
Wind injury on Bing-Ding days is called Heart Wind. Symptoms include excessive sweating, aversion to wind, dry red lips, peeling skin, severe cases involving slurred speech, somnolence, epilepsy, mental confusion, and irritability that frightens others. Wind pathogen affecting the Heart causes Xing Bi (Wandering Bi). If encountered in summer among the Five BIs, it becomes Mai Bi (Vessel Bi), where knee and wrist joints feel as if broken, calf tendons are lax, and standing is impossible. One might doubt that the lower body is governed by the Liver and Kidneys, but does one not know that internal blazing of Heart Fire causes Yin to block Yang, preventing the lower body from holding its position, causing Liver and Kidney Qi and vessels to rebel upward due to the fire? Additionally, Heart Bi causes obstructed vessels, fullness and drumming sensation in the epigastrium, desire to belch to release Qi, upper asthma and急促 breathing, dry throat, rebellious Qi, and fear. Someone asks if Bing-Ding wind injury is too rigid? The answer is: this is the subtle natural law of Yin and Yang. Wind injury on Jia-Yi days in spring is Liver Wind; Geng-Xin days in autumn is Lung Wind; Ren-Gui days in winter is Kidney Wind; Wu-Ji days in the four seasons are Spleen-Stomach Wind. Extending this, South Wind entering the Heart is Heart Wind; East Liver, West Lung, North Kidney follow the same principle.
Qi stagnation on Geng-Xin days causes Fu Liang accumulation, pain, and vexation.
Kidney disease transmitting to the Heart; the Heart should transmit to the Lungs. The Lungs are prosperous in Autumn; prosperous organs do not accept pathogens. The Heart wishes to return to the Kidneys, but the Kidneys refuse. Thus, it stays and knots into an accumulation. Hence, Fu Liang is acquired on Geng-Xin days in Autumn. The accumulation resembles an arm, winding around the navel, lying dormant like a roof beam. If untreated for a long time, it causes heart vexation and闷ness, or restless sleep at night.
Heat causes Fire to blaze, laughter, mouth ulcers, yellow eyes, throat sores; severely, mania, thirst, anhidrosis, and epistaxis.
Laughter is the image of Fire. Excess in the Heart causes laughter; deficiency causes grief. Mouth ulceration refers to erosive sores in the mouth. Yellow eyes result from damp-heat steaming. Throat sores occur because the primary meridian of Hand-Shaoyin diverges into the space between the tendons of Yuanye, belongs to the Heart, travels up to the throat, emerges on the face, and meets at the inner canthus; this is called the Four Meetings. Delirium and madness occur when Heat confuses the Shen. Thirst indicates excessive Fire drying Kidney fluids and scorching the throat. Sweat is the fluid of the Heart; Heat causes anhidrosis. Sweating restores Kidney water levels and moistens the skin, checking the Fire. Blood is governed by the Heart; Heat forces it upward. Deficiency causes epistaxis and spitting blood. In Heat conditions, the chin turns red first; prevention is necessary.
Deficiency causes mental confusion, flying dreams, and forgetfulness; palpitations, unhappiness, and牵引 pain in the chest, abdomen, waist, and hypochondrium.
Heart excess dreams of worrying, frightening, or strange events; deficiency causes the Hun (Ethereal Soul) to fly in dreams. Qi rebelling in the Heart causes dreams of hills and smoke/fire. Forgetfulness, palpitations, restlessness, and inner vexation/unhappiness are due to insufficient Heart Blood. Pulling pain in the chest, hypochondrium, and waist involves the Pericardium Meridian of Hand-Jueyin, which originates in the chest, belongs to the Pericardium, passes through the diaphragm, and connects with the Sanjiao. Its branch follows the chest and emerges in the hypochondrium; the Heart tie passes through the diaphragm to connect with the Small Intestine, hence these symptoms.
Blood stasis causing amenorrhea is treatable.
Amenorrhea in women is often due to extreme fatigue, palpitations, sudden sorrow, and overthinking, leading to insufficient Heart Qi and subsequent Blood stasis. Instead of treating the Blood directly, unblocking the Heart Qi is sufficient.
Cold Phlegm causing genuine心痛 (Chest Pain) is hard to save.
Cold syndrome is Genuine Chest Pain. Cold hands and feet with phlegm obstruction indicate Water overcoming Fire, which is fatal. The above sections on Wind, Qi, Blood, Heat, Cold, and Deficiency compile methods from Hua Tuo and Zhu Danxi. Why do non-primary organ diseases appear concurrently? Because pathogenic factors of the Five Viscera mutually invade. For example, in Heart Wind: Epilepsy is Liver Wind invading the Heart; heavy head and vomiting are Spleen Wind invading the Heart; coughing and spitting blood are Lung Wind invading the Heart; spinning vision is Kidney Wind invading the Heart. In Heart Qi: Hypochondriac pain and Fu Liang are Liver Qi invading the Heart; back and shoulder oppression are Spleen Qi invading the Heart; chest/back pain, shortness of breath, and restless sleep are Spleen Qi invading the Heart; flank masses and yellow complexion are Kidney Qi invading the Heart. In Heart Heat: Dry tongue with little saliva is Liver Heat invading the Heart; yellow eyes and nausea are Spleen Heat invading the Heart; cough, wheezing, and sores are Lung Heat invading the Heart; mania and bone vexation are Kidney Heat invading the Heart. In Heart Cold: Sour regurgitation, cold limbs, and chest pain are Liver-Kidney Cold invading the Heart (untreatable); cold phlegm, vomiting, and diarrhea are Spleen Cold invading the Heart; sadness and lack of joy are Lung Cold invading the Heart. In Heart Deficiency: Palpitations and aversion to human speech are Liver Deficiency invading the Heart; hunger shortly after eating and internal heat during sleep are Spleen Deficiency invading the Heart; sadness, nasal congestion, and terror are Lung Deficiency invading the Heart; limb weakness and excessive sweating are Kidney Deficiency invading the Heart. Using the Heart as an example, the others can be inferred similarly.
Cooling herbs: Rhinoceros Horn (Xi Jiao), Rehmannia Root (Sheng Di), Realgar/Calculus Bovis (Niu Huang - *Note: Niu Huang is Calculus Bovis*). Warming herbs: Angelica Sinensis (Dang Gui), Peony Root (Bai Shao), Evodia Fruit (Wu Zhu Yu), Cinnamon Twig (Gui Zhi), Atractylodes Rhizome (Cang Zhu), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Bai Zhu). Draining herbs: Coptis Rhizome (Huang Lian), Sophora Root (Ku Shen), Gentian Root (Qin Jiao). Tonifying herbs: Polygala Root (Yuan Zhi), Acorus Rhizome (Shi Chang Pu), Dodder Seed (Tu Si Zi), Asparagus Tuber (Tian Dong), Ophiopogon Tuber (Mai Dong).
*Zhu Ben Yao Xing* states: Tonify with Sour Jujube Seed (Suan Zao Ren), Bamboo Calculus (Tian Zhu Huang), Gold/Silver Powder, Ophiopogon Tuber, Polygala Root, Chinese Yam, Safflower, Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuan Xiong), Antelope Horn, Angelica Sinensis. Drain with Immature Bitter Orange (Zhi Shi), Lepidium Seed (Ting Li), Sophora Root, Fritillaria Bulb (Bei Mu), Pinellia Tuber (Ban Xia), Apricot Seed (Xing Ren), Curcuma Tuber (Yu Jin), Corydalis Rhizome (Yan Hu Suo), Peucedanum Root (Qian Hu), Coptis Rhizome, Aucklandia Root (Mu Xiang). Warm with Acorus Rhizome, Agastache Herb (Huo Xiang), Perilla Fruit (Su Zi). Cool with Bamboo Leaf, Cinnabar (Dan Sha), Alum (Fan Shi), Mirabilite (Xuan Ming Fen), Calculus Bovis, Pearl, Ophiopogon Tuber, Curcuma Tuber, Coptis Rhizome, Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhi Mu), Fritillaria Bulb, Forsythia Fruit (Lian Qiao), Reed Rhizome (Lu Gen), Bupleurum Root (Chai Hu). *Nei Zhao* further divides medication by Wind, Qi, Heat, Cold, and Deficiency. Generally, Wind requires cooling herbs primarily, combined with warming/draining; Qi requires warming and draining together; Heat requires pure draining herbs; Cold requires pure heating herbs; Deficiency requires pure tonifying herbs. This applies to all viscera.
Alas! Millet, Sheep, Leek, Plum should be set for every meal;
The grain is Millet, the animal is Sheep. Heart diseases should eat sour foods: Adzuki Bean, Dog Meat, Plum, and Leek are all sour.
Joy morning and night, preserving the Qi of Summer.
In the three months of Summer, Heaven and Earth Qi interact. Sleep late, rise early, do not dislike the sun. Keep emotions free from anger; this is the way of nurturing growth.
The Small Intestine connects above to the stomach opening, receiving and storing residue for transformation: transmits downward to the Bladder and Large Intestine, separating the clear from the turbid and promoting circulation.
The Small Intestine is the Official of Reception and Transformation. What transforms comes from here. Whatever food and drink are cooked and ripened in the Stomach, their dregs and filth pass from the lower opening of the Stomach into the upper opening of the Small Intestine. From the lower opening of the Small Intestine, the clear and turbid are separated: water enters the upper opening of the Bladder, and dregs enter the upper opening of the Large Intestine.
Located above the navel, three zhang and two chi long, pulse curvature indicates knotting; sixteen curves, diameter two cun four fen, shape small and hard to contain.
The lower opening of the Stomach is the upper opening of the Small Intestine. The Shuifen point, one cun above the navel, is the lower opening of the Small Intestine. It receives two dou four sheng of grain and six sheng three he of water. Combined, it is more than half. However, intestines vary in thickness and size, known from the pulse. All Yang meridians are curved; Small Intestine Qi knots. Thick skin means thick pulse; thick pulse means thick Small Intestine. Thin skin means thin pulse; thin pulse means thin Small Intestine. Loose skin means slow pulse; slow pulse means large and long Small Intestine. Thin skin and small wave pulse mean small and short Small Intestine; small and short ones hold less content.
Mechanism arises from Heart extremity.
The Small Intestine corresponds to the Heart, so the umbilicus can perceive cold and warmth. Normally, urination and defecation are governed by the Heart; when sick, they disobey orders.
Diagnosis is observed at the Philtrum (Ren Zhong).
Humans match Heaven and Earth as the Three Powers. Looking at the face: below the nose and above the mouth is the Middle, matching Humanity. Receiving the interaction of Yin and Yang, its position is central, hence called Ren Zhong (Human Middle). Deficiency presents with blue lips and white lower lip.
Umbilical pain leading to dysentery or hernia belongs to Qi;
Pain below the umbilicus, red-white dysentery, Small Intestine hernia Qi, connecting to the lumbar spine and pulling the testicles in pain, are all caused by Heart Qi entering the Small Intestine.
Intestinal rumbling leading to strangury or constipation belongs to Wind.
Rumbling sounds in the intestines, or sudden sharp pain, five types of dribbling strangury, or constipation, leading to abdominal distension and urgency, are all caused by Heart Wind entering the Small Intestine.
Heat entering causes thirst and sores; Fire rebellion causes vomiting and distension differently.
Heart Heat entering the Small Intestine causes Blood Heat, vexation, and thirst. Or deficiency Fire rebels into the Stomach causing hiccups/vomiting and urinary obstruction. Fullness, hard abdomen, and urgency without thirst should not be treated with bland leaching herbs; the ancient formula Zishen Wan is most suitable.
Deficiency sinking causes seminal emission and inner vexation; hidden curvatures and leukorrhea are similar.
Heart Deficiency entering the Small Intestine causes vague soul/spirit, madness, nocturnal seminal emission, red-white turbidity in men, red-white leukorrhea in women, or genital sores and difficult urination. These should be treated by clearing the upper and securing the lower, avoiding harsh cold or hot purgatives.
Cold condensing causes undigested food and water.
Cold entering the Lower Jiao causes intestinal pain.
Blood stasis causes shoulder and jaw swelling and redness.
Rebellious Qi Heat causes headache, sore throat, swollen jaw unable to turn, shoulders feeling pulled, neck feeling broken. Rebellious Blood Heat causes deafness, yellow eyes, and swollen painful cheeks.
Tonify with Oyster Shell (Mu Li), Dendrobium Stem (Shi Hu). Warm with Morinda Root (Ba Ji), Fennel Seed (Xiao Hui Xiang), Litsea Fruit (Wu Yao). Cool with Imperata Rhizome (Mao Gen), Akebia Caulis (Tong Cao) [also Trichosanthes Root, Scutellaria Root]. Drain with Meniispernum Seed (Hai Jin Sha), Lychee Seed (Li He), Green Onion White (Bai Cong) [also Euphorbia Seed, Perilla Leaf]. Descending Fire Pathogens makes urination and defecation smooth naturally; Moxibustion on Shuifen point replenishes Yang.
The Liver is the General Officer, from whom strategy and deliberation emerge.
Brave and decisive, it is called the General. Concealing action before it is evident, strategy emerges from it.
It is the root of fatigue, and the residence of the Hun.
Human movement is performed by sinews and strength. The Liver nourishes sinews, hence it is the root of fatigue. The Liver stores the Hun. The Hun is the assistant to the Shen, hence the Liver is also called the Prime Minister.
Divided into two lobes and seven leaves, its color reflects the prosperity of Spring Wood.
The Liver has two large lobes and one small lobe, three on the left and four on the right, totaling seven leaves, arranged in two rows, like split wood armor with many leaves. He Huan said: Excess dreams of forests and trees; deficiency sees fine grass awns.
Weighing four jin and four liang, heavy due to absorption by Geng Metal.
The Liver weighs four jin and four liang. *Nan Jing* says: Liver sinks in water, Wood floats in water; Lungs float in water, Metal sinks in water. What is the meaning? The Liver is not pure Wood; Yi combines with Geng and absorbs its slight Yin Qi. Its intent delights in Metal, causing the Liver to sink in water. The Lungs are not pure Metal; Xin combines with Bing and joins Fire. Its intent delights in Fire, causing the Lungs to float in water. Why do cooked Lungs sink and cooked Liver float? Because Xin should belong to Geng, and Yi should belong to Jia.
Connecting to the diaphragm, the form varies in softness and hardness.
The ties of the Liver attach from below the diaphragm to the right hypochondrium, piercing the diaphragm into the Lungs, connecting to the diaphragmatic membrane. Sinews and vessels are governed by the Liver. Color is cyan. Fine texture means small Liver; small Liver ensures visceral peace without hypochondriac disease. Coarse texture means large Liver; large Liver compresses the Stomach and approaches the throat, causing diaphragmatic oppression and hypochondriac pain. Broad chest with reversed ribs means high Liver; high Liver supports upward against the贲门, bending causes Xi Ben. Folded ribs like a rabbit mean low Liver; low Liver compresses the Stomach leaving the hypochondrium empty, easily injured by pathogens. Harmonious chest and hypochondrium mean firm Liver; firm Liver ensures peace and resistance to injury. Weak ribs mean fragile Liver; fragile Liver is prone to Xiao Dan and easy injury. Harmonious chest and abdomen mean upright Liver; upright Liver is harmonious and difficult to injure. Oblique raised ribs mean tilted Liver; tilted Liver causes hypochondriac pain.
Named the Sea of Blood, returning at night.
The Liver stores Blood, hence named the Sea of Blood. If the Sea of Blood is abundant, one feels large; if deficient, one feels small. During the day, it circulates; the Eyes receive Blood to see, Feet to walk, Palms to grasp, Fingers to hold. At night, Blood returns to the Liver. If one hesitates in strategy, Liver Deficiency allows heat transfer from other viscera, causing Blood to flow recklessly from mouth/nose or urine/feces; this is Liver failing to store Blood. Also, unfulfilled lust, external wandering of intent, or excessive intercourse flaccidizes the Zong Jin, causing Jin Wei (Sinew Flaccidity) and Bai Yin. Thus, the Classics say: Sinew Flaccidity arises from the Liver, due to sexual activity. Twisting cramps are also governed by the Liver.
Wind moving sinews causes curling; abdominal fullness, constipation, and carbuncles.
The Liver pairs with sinews. Any external sores arising from sinews/vessels are governed by the Liver. The Classics say: Spleen transferring Cold to the Liver causes carbuncles and sinew spasms.
Qi rebelling causes top-of-head vertigo and pain; accumulation Fei Qi covers the cup in the hypochondrium.
Great anger causes Qi to rise and not descend. Qi rebelling upward causes headache and vertigo. Accumulating in the hypochondrium, it becomes Fei Qi, protruding like fleshy abundance. *Nan Jing* says: The accumulation of the Liver is named Fei Qi, located under the left hypochondrium like an inverted cup, with head and feet. If untreated for a long time, it causes cough, wheezing, and malaria, persisting for years. It is acquired on Wu-Ji days in late Summer. Why? Lung disease transmits to the Liver; the Liver should transmit to the Spleen. The Spleen is prosperous in late Summer; prosperous organs do not accept pathogens. The Liver wishes to return to the Lungs, but the Lungs refuse. Thus, it knots into an accumulation. Children often have this disease.
Heat contention causes red eyes, mania, and fright; hypochondriac pain, limb agitation, and hernia.
Even if the meridians are heated, if the primary organ is not yet infected, it is called "contention." Liver Blood Heat causes red, swollen eyes; deficiency causes flashing lights before the eyes. The Liver nature is quiet; Heat causes manic speech, fright, limb agitation, and inability to sleep peacefully. Liver Heat stagnation causes hypochondriac pain. Pain pulling from the lower abdomen to the penis and scrotum is named Hernia. Damp-Heat in the Liver Meridian is the root of Hernia.
Deficiency causes joint stiffness, waist and leg weakness, and much fear.
Blood deficiency causes stiffness in all joints, even sinew/bone flaccidity. Blood exhaustion causes lower back pain and leg weakness; with damp-heat, knee/calf flaccidity and numbness. Insufficient Blood causes much fear; excess causes much anger.
Blood exhaustion causes smelling fishiness upon eating.
Those with fullness/support in the chest and hypochondrium find eating difficult. Upon eating, they smell fishy/sour odors first, spitting clear fluid. Spitting blood first, then cold limbs, vertigo, and frequent bleeding from front and back is named Blood Exhaustion. This results from massive blood loss in youth, or sexual activity while drunk, exhausting Middle Qi and injuring the Liver, leading to scanty or absent menstruation.
Cold Phlegm causes enuresis, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Cold causes Phlegm to rise, chest fullness, vomiting clear water, aversion to fresh vegetables. Severely, it causes uncontrollable enuresis or profuse diarrhea. All Cold syndromes are difficult to treat.
Tonify with Quince (Mu Gua), Donkey-hide Gelatin (E Jiao).
Ligusticum Rhizome (Chuan Xiong), Astragalus Root (Huang Qi), Ginseng Root (Ren Shen), Codonopsis Root (Sha Shen), Coix Seed (Yi Yi Ren), Eucommia Bark (Wu Jia Pi), Sour Jujube Seed (Suan Zao Ren), Euryale Seed (Qian Shi), Picrorhiza Rhizome (Hu Huang Lian), Gentiana Root (Cao Long Dan).
Drain with Green Tangerine Peel (Qing Pi), Peony Root (Bai Shao), Bupleurum Root (Chai Hu).
Peucedanum Root (Qian Hu), Indigo Naturalis (Qing Dai), Tangerine Leaf, Rhinoceros Horn, Polygonatum Rhizome (Wei Ru), Winter Flower (Kuan Dong Hua), Evodia Fruit (Wu Zhu Yu), Qin Pi.
Cool with Softshell Turtle Shell (Bie Jia), Chrysanthemum Flower (Ju Hua).
Cassia Seed (Jue Ming Zi), Plantago Seed (Che Qian Zi), Spurge Root (San Leng), Prunus Seed (Wu Yi).
Warm with Costus Root (Mu Xiang), Cinnamon Bark (Rou Gui), Pinellia Tuber (Ban Xia).
Nutmeg (Rou Dou Kou), Tangerine Peel (Chen Pi), Areca Seed (Bing Lang), Long Pepper (Bi Bo).
Indulging anger and overwork are the source of disease; wear loose hair, eat uncooked grains, do not act tyrannically.
In the three months of Spring, sleep late, rise early, wear loose hair, relax the body. Nurture without killing, reward without punishing. This responds to Spring Qi, the way of health preservation. Violating it injures the Liver. Ma (Sesame/Hemp seed) is the grain used in the East. Liver diseases should eat Ma, Glutinous Rice, Beef, Dates, and Okra, all sweet in flavor. Regardless of the month of illness, one should embody Spring Qi to nurture it.
Strange is the Gallbladder! No orifices for entry or exit, attached between the lobes of the Liver; Water color, Metal essence, named the Clear and Pure Organ, avoiding the private filth of the Stomach.
The Gallbladder is the essence of Metal, the color of Water. Its color is dark/black, its shape like a hanging gourd, its spirit is Tortoise and Snake. It has no entry or exit orifices, attached between the short lobes of the Liver. Unlike the Six Fu Organs that transmit and transform, it is the Clear and Pure Organ.
Stores Essence Juice (three he) and diagnoses via the five nails' cyan/red.
Although the Liver corresponds to the nails, the Gallbladder combines with the Liver. Thus, thick nails with yellow color mean thick Gallbladder; thin nails with red color mean thin Gallbladder; hard nails with cyan color mean urgent Gallbladder; soft nails with red color mean relaxed Gallbladder; straight nails with white color and no constriction mean straight Gallbladder; ugly nails with black color and many lines mean knotted Gallbladder.
Circulates Ying and Wei, weighing three liang and some zhu.
Ying and Wei are primarily governed by the Lungs, but their circulation is governed by the Gallbladder. Thus, Gallbladder Qi begins at Zi hour. The Gallbladder weighs three liang and three zhu. Three zhu is equivalent to one qian and two fen five li now.
Qi pain in the heart, hypochondrium, shoulder, and neck causes inconvenience, or dryness, emaciation, and dusty face.
The primary meridian of Foot-Shaoyang winds around the thigh, enters the pubic region, and combines with Jueyin. Its branch
enters the interval of the costal margin, follows the interior of the chest, belongs to the Gallbladder, and disperses upward to the Liver. Piercing the Heart and ascending, it夹s the throat, emerges in the jaw/chin, disperses on the face, connects to the eye system, and combines with Shaoyang at the outer canthus. Thus, Qi diseases present as...