论曰内经论肺咳之状，咳而喘息有音，甚则唾血。心咳之状，咳而心痛，喉仲介介如梗
状。甚则咽肿喉痹，肝咳之状，咳而两胁下痛，甚则不可以转，转则两 下满。脾咳之状。
咳而右 下痛。阴引肩背，甚则不可以动。动则咳剧，肾咳之状，咳而腰背相引痛，甚则咳
涎，五脏之咳，久而不已，乃传六腑，六腑之咳，内经论之详矣，方附于后。
治五脏诸咳，前胡汤方
前胡（去芦头） 五味子 生干地黄（焙） 半夏（汤洗七遍焙） 泽泻（各二两） 贝
母（去心焙） 人参山芋 白茯苓（去黑皮） 白术 杏仁（汤去皮尖双仁麸炒） 麻黄（不
去
节） 甘草（炙锉） 葛根 乌梅取肉（各
上一十五味，锉如麻豆，每服三钱匕，水二盏，入生姜五片，同煎至七分，去滓食后临
卧温服，去枕仰睡。
治肺咳唾血，紫菀丸方
紫菀（去苗土二两） 蛤蚧（一枚大者皂荚水浸一宿涂酥炙） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 杏
仁（去皮尖双仁蜜浸一宿炒各二两） 款冬花（用蕊） 防风（去叉） 麦门冬（去心焙各
一两） 人参（半两） 甘草（炙锉） 马兜铃（炒各一两） 黄 （细锉） 赤芍药 当
归（锉焙） 贝母（生姜汁浸一宿焙） 白药子 半夏（生姜汁浸一宿焙各半两以上六味并
为细末） 枣（四两蒸熟去皮核） 大麻子（半升水浸研烂去滓取汁） 栝蒌（三十枚大者
用肉烂研取汁） 龙脑（研半字以上四味并研为膏）
上二十味，以前药末，入在后膏内，捣和为丸，如梧桐子大，煎麦门冬熟水下三十丸。
治肺咳，五灵脂汤方
五灵脂（一两） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙半两） 甘草（炙锉） 五味子 桑根白皮（锉
炒） 杏仁（汤浸去
上八味。粗捣筛，每服一钱匕，水一盏，入生姜五片，同煎至六分，去滓食后温服。
治心咳，咽喉肿痛，人参桔梗散方
人参（一两） 桔梗（炒四两） 甘草（炙锉一两半） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 恶实（慢
火炒各二两）
上五味，捣罗为细散，每服一钱匕，不拘时候，沸汤点服。
治心咳，喉仲介介，咽肿喉痹，丹砂半夏丸方
丹砂（水飞半两） 半夏（汤洗去滑焙捣末） 知母（焙捣末） 天南星（炮裂捣末各
一两） 巴豆（去皮
上五味，除丹砂外拌匀，汤浸炊饼，和丸如豌豆大，以丹砂为衣，每服三丸，食后临卧、
煎乌梅生姜汤下不嚼。
治肝咳，两 下满，木乳散方
木乳酥（炙三两） 贝母（去心酥炒二两） 甘草（炙锉一两） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双
仁麸炒二两）
上四味为细散，每服一钱匕，食后生姜橘皮汤调下。
治脾咳，半夏橘皮汤方
半夏（汤洗十遍切焙） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁麸炒别研各一两） 麻
黄（去根节） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 柴胡（去苗各一两一分） 生姜（切焙） 甘草（炙锉
各半两）
上八味。粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至六分，去滓温服，不拘时。
治肾咳，四味散方
补骨脂（炒） 牵牛子（半生半炒各一两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁炒一两） 郁李仁（去
皮半两）
上四味为细散，每服一钱匕，茶清调下。
治大肠咳，鹿角胶汤方
鹿角胶（炙燥） 甘草（炙锉） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁炒研） 麻黄（去根节） 半夏（汤
浸三七遍生姜一两
上五味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，入生姜三片，同煎至七分，去滓，食后临卧各
一服。
治大肠咳，黄 散方
黄 （细锉） 桑根白皮（细锉炒） 人参 白茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 甘草（炙锉三
分）
上五味为细散，每服一钱匕，不拘时候，沸汤点服。
治膀胱咳，咳而遗溺，人参散方
人参（一两） 白茯苓（去黑皮） 黄 （锉炙） 山芋 甘草（炙锉） 乌药（各一
分）
上六味，捣罗为细散，每服一钱匕，沸汤点，不拘时候温服。
治三焦咳，腹满不欲食，槟榔丸方
槟榔（锉） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒各一两） 干姜（炮去皮一钱半）
桑根白皮（锉炒
上六味为细末，炼蜜和丸，梧桐子大。每服二十丸，食后临卧淡生姜汤下。
治三焦咳，腹满不欲食饮，皂荚丸方
皂荚（不 者去黑皮） 半夏 甜葶苈（炒各一两） 杏仁（去皮尖双仁半两以上四味
用醋一升煮干慢火炒令焦为末） 巴豆（二十一枚去皮心膜醋一盏煮令紫黑色水洗焙干细研）
槟榔（半两为细
上二味。通前末，共六味细研，炼蜜和丸，梧桐子大，每服一丸至二丸，腊茶下。生姜
汤亦得。
治脾肺寒热劳咳，痰盛呕哕，半夏桔梗汤方
半夏（浆水煮四五沸切焙三钱） 桔梗（炒） 桑根白皮（锉炒） 天南星（洗过各一
两）
上四味。粗捣筛，每服二钱匕，水二盏，生姜一枣大细切，同煎至半盏，去滓温服，食
后临卧。
治肺胃不调，久咳不瘥，阿胶散方
阿胶（炙燥一两） 桑根白皮（锉炒半两） 甘草（炙锉半两） 桔梗（锉碎炒微焦为
度半两） 细辛
上五味。捣罗为细散，每服一钱匕，沸汤点服，咳剧频进。
治脾胃虚。痰壅咳嗽，人参丸方
人参 诃黎勒皮 木香（各一分）
上三味，同为细末，生蜜和作七丸，每服一丸，水二盏，煎沸，以药散为度，去滓服，
不拘时候。
治肺嗽，莱菔丸方
莱菔子半升淘择焙干炒黄
上一味，捣罗为末，以沙糖丸如弹子大，绵裹含化。
治肺嗽痰唾。玉液散方
半夏（二两大者净洗去脐） 皂荚（二十挺去皮子锉水一斗同半夏煮至五升取出半夏薄
切焙干
上只取半夏，捣罗为散，每服半钱匕，水一盏，生姜一片，煎至四分，食后温服。
Discussion states: The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) describes the symptoms of Lung Cough as coughing with wheezing and audible sounds, and in severe cases, spitting blood. The symptoms of Heart Cough include coughing accompanied by heart pain, and a sensation of obstruction in the throat, feeling like something is stuck. In severe cases, it leads to sore throat and glottal obstruction. The symptoms of Liver Cough involve coughing with pain under both hypochondria; in severe cases, the body cannot turn, and turning causes fullness under both sides. The symptoms of Spleen Cough manifest as coughing with pain in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the shoulder and back; in severe cases, movement is restricted, and movement exacerbates the cough. The symptoms of Kidney Cough present as coughing with pulling pain between the waist and back; in severe cases, saliva is coughed up. If Coughs of the Five Zang organs persist for a long time without healing, they transmit to the Six Fu organs. The *Neijing* has discussed the Coughs of the Six Fu organs in detail; the prescriptions are attached below.
**Qianhu Tang (Peucedani Radix Decoction)** for treating various Coughs of the Five Zang organs:
Radix Peucedani (Qianhu, 前胡) [remove rhizome head], Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi, 五味子), Radix Rehmanniae Preparata (Sheng Gan Di Huang, 生干地黄) [baked], Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [washed seven times with boiling water then baked], Radix Alismatis (Zexie, 泽泻) [each 2 liang], Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Beimu, 贝母) [remove heart and bake], Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参), Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyu, 山芋), Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓) [remove black skin], Radix Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu, 白术), Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, bran-fried], Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 麻黄) [nodes not removed], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped], Radix Puerariae (Gegen, 葛根), Fructus Mume (Wumei) [flesh taken] [each 1 liang]. The above fifteen ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 3 qianbi, boiled with 2 zhan of water and 5 slices of fresh ginger until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take warm after meals and before sleep. Sleep on your back without a pillow.
**Ziwan Wan (Aster Root Pill)** for treating Lung Cough with hemoptysis:
Radix Asteris (Ziwan, 紫菀) [remove seedlings and soil, 2 liang], Gecko (Gejie, 蛤蚧) [one large one, soaked overnight in Gleditsia sinensis water, coated with butter and roasted], Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓) [remove black skin], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, soaked overnight in honey then fried, each 2 liang], Flos Farfarae (Kuandonghua, 款冬花) [use stamen], Radix Saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng, 防风) [remove forked roots), Radix Ophiopogonis (Mendong, 麦门冬) [remove heart and bake, each 1 liang], Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参) [0.5 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped], Fructus Aristolochiae (Madouling, 马兜铃) [fried, each 1 liang], Radix Astragali (Huangqi, 黄芪) [finely chopped], Radix Paeoniae Rubra (Chishao, 赤芍药), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui, 当归) [chopped and baked], Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Beimu, 贝母) [soaked overnight in ginger juice then baked], Radix Polygoni Multiflori? (Baiaoyzi, 白药子 - likely Radix Bistortae or similar local herb), Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [soaked overnight in ginger juice then baked, each 0.5 liang]. The above six ingredients are all ground into fine powder. Date (Sijun, 枣) [4 liang, steamed, skin and pit removed], Cannabis Seed (Damaizi, 大麻子) [0.5 sheng, soaked in water, ground to paste, strained for juice], Trichosanthes Fruit (Gualou, 栝蒌) [30 large ones, flesh extracted and ground to juice], Borax (Longnao, 龙脑) [ground to half zi amount]. The above four ingredients are processed into a paste.
The above twenty ingredients: mix the previous powder into the latter paste, pound and blend to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills with cooked Ophiopogon decoction.
**Wulingzhi Tang (Trogopterus Dung Decoction)** for treating Lung Cough:
Faeces Trogopterori (Wulingzhi, 五灵脂) [1 liang], Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chen Jupi, 陈橘皮) [soaked in water, white pith removed, baked, 0.5 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped], Fructus Schisandrae (Wuweizi, 五味子), Cortex Morus Radicis (Sangbaipi, 桑根白皮) [chopped and fried], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [soaked in water... text incomplete]. The above eight ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 1 qianbi, boiled with 1 zhan of water and 5 slices of fresh ginger until reduced to 6/10. Strain and take warm after meals.
**Renshen Jiegeng San (Ginseng and Platycodon Powder)** for treating Heart Cough with sore throat and swelling:
Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参) [1 liang], Radix Platycodonis (Jiegeng, 桔梗) [fried, 4 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped, 1.5 liang], Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓) [remove black skin], Fructus Arctii (Eshi, 恶实) [slow-fire fried, each 2 liang]. The above five ingredients are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken at any time with boiling water.
**Dansha Banxia Wan (Cinnabar and Pinellia Pill)** for treating Heart Cough with throat obstruction, sore throat, and glottal obstruction:
Cinnabar (Dansha, 丹砂) [water-triturated, 0.5 liang], Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [washed with water to remove slipperiness, baked, ground to powder], Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Zhimu, 知母) [baked, ground to powder], Rhizoma Arisaematis (Tiannanxing, 天南星) [pounded cracked, ground to powder, each 1 liang], Fructus Crotonis (Badou, 巴豆) [skin removed... text incomplete]. The above five ingredients, except Cinnabar, are mixed evenly. Soak in water and mix with steamed wheat cake dough to form pills the size of pea seeds, coated with Cinnabar. Take 3 pills after meals and before sleep, washed down with Mume and Ginger decoction, do not chew.
**Muru San (Wood Milk Powder)** for treating Liver Cough with hypochondriac fullness:
Muru Su (Wood Milk Butter/Suet) [roasted, 3 liang], Rhizoma Anemarrhenae (Beimu, 贝母) [remove heart, fried in butter, 2 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped, 1 liang], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [soaked in water, skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, bran-fried, 2 liang]. The above four ingredients are made into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken after meals with Ginger and Citrus decoction.
**Banxia Jupi Tang (Pinellia and Citrus Decoction)** for treating Spleen Cough:
Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [washed ten times with water, cut and baked], Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chen Jupi, 陈橘皮) [soaked in water, white pith removed, baked], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, bran-fried and separately ground, each 1 liang], Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 麻黄) [roots and nodes removed], Poria (Chifuling, 赤茯苓) [remove black skin], Radix Bupleuri (Chaihu, 柴胡) [remove seedlings, each 1 liang 1 fen], Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) [cut and baked], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped, each 0.5 liang]. The above eight ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 3 qianbi, boiled with 1 zhan of water until reduced to 6/10. Strain and take warm, at any time.
**Siwei San (Four-Ingredient Powder)** for treating Kidney Cough:
Fructus Psoraleae (Buguzhi, 补骨脂) [fried], Semen Phaseoli Sojae Nigri? (Qianniuzi, 牵牛子) [half raw, half fried, each 1 liang], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, fried, 1 liang], Semen Pruni Persicae? (Yuliren, 郁李仁) [skin removed, 0.5 liang]. The above four ingredients are made into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken with tea liquor.
**Lujiao Jiao Tang (Deer Antler Glue Decoction)** for treating Large Intestine Cough:
Corpus Cornus Cervi Colla (Lujiao Jiao, 鹿角胶) [roasted dry], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, fried and ground], Herba Ephedrae (Mahuang, 麻黄) [roots and nodes removed], Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [soaked in water thirty-seven times, Fresh Ginger 1 liang]. The above five ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 3 qianbi, boiled with 1 zhan of water and 3 slices of fresh ginger until reduced to 7/10. Strain and take one dose after meals and before sleep.
**Huangqi San (Astragalus Powder)** for treating Large Intestine Cough:
Radix Astragali (Huangqi, 黄芪) [finely chopped], Cortex Morus Radicis (Sangbaipi, 桑根白皮) [finely chopped and fried], Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参), Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓) [remove black skin, each 1 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped, 3 fen]. The above five ingredients are made into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken at any time with boiling water.
**Renshen San (Ginseng Powder)** for treating Bladder Cough with cough and urinary incontinence:
Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参) [1 liang], Poria (Baifuling, 白茯苓) [remove black skin], Radix Astragali (Huangqi, 黄芪) [chopped and roasted], Rhizoma Dioscoreae (Shanyu, 山芋), Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped], Radix Linderae (Wuyao, 乌药) [each 1 fen]. The above six ingredients are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken with boiling water, warm, at any time.
**Binglang Wan (Areca Nut Pill)** for treating Sanjiao Cough with abdominal fullness and loss of appetite:
Fructus Arecae (Binglang, 槟榔) [chopped], Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Chen Jupi, 陈橘皮) [soaked in water, white pith removed, baked], Fructus Aurantii (Zhike, 枳壳) [pulp removed, bran-fried, each 1 liang), Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens (Ganjiang, 干姜) [pounded, skin removed, 1.5 qian), Cortex Morus Radicis (Sangbaipi, 桑根白皮) [chopped and fried... text incomplete]. The above six ingredients are made into fine powder, blended with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 20 pills after meals and before sleep with light ginger water.
**Zaojiao Wan (Gleditsia Pill)** for treating Sanjiao Cough with abdominal fullness and aversion to food and drink:
Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis (Zaojiao, 皂荚) [non-borer, remove black skin], Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏), Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae (Tiantili, 甜葶苈) [fried, each 1 liang], Semen Pruni Armeniacae (Xingren, 杏仁) [skin and tip removed, twin kernels discarded, 0.5 liang]. The above four ingredients are boiled in 1 sheng of vinegar until dry, slow-fired until scorched, then ground to powder. Fructus Crotonis (Badou, 巴豆) [21 seeds, skin, heart, and membrane removed, boiled in 1 zhan of vinegar until purple-black, washed, dried, finely ground], Fructus Arecae (Binglang, 槟榔) [0.5 liang, ground to fine... text incomplete]. The above two ingredients (plus the previous four) total six ingredients, finely ground, blended with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 1 to 2 pills with aged tea. Ginger water is also acceptable.
**Banxia Jiegeng Tang (Pinellia and Platycodon Decoction)** for treating Spleen-Lung Cold-Heat Labor Cough with profuse phlegm and vomiting:
Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [boiled in starch water for 4-5 boils, cut and baked, 3 qian], Radix Platycodonis (Jiegeng, 桔梗) [fried], Cortex Morus Radicis (Sangbaipi, 桑根白皮) [chopped and fried], Rhizoma Arisaematis (Tiannanxing, 天南星) [washed, each 1 liang]. The above four ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose is 2 qianbi, boiled with 2 zhan of water and a date-sized piece of finely cut fresh ginger until reduced to half a zhan. Strain and take warm after meals and before sleep.
**Ejiao San (Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder)** for treating Lung-Stomach disharmony and chronic cough:
Colla Corii Asini (Ejiao, 阿胶) [roasted dry, 1 liang], Cortex Morus Radicis (Sangbaipi, 桑根白皮) [chopped and fried, 0.5 liang], Radix Glycyrrhizae (Gancao, 甘草) [roasted and chopped, 0.5 liang], Radix Platycodonis (Jiegeng, 桔梗) [chopped, fried until slightly scorched, 0.5 liang], Radix Asari (Xixin, 细辛)... [text incomplete]. The above five ingredients are pounded and sieved into a fine powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi, taken with boiling water. Advance frequently if cough is severe.
**Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill)** for treating Spleen-Stomach deficiency with phlegm congestion and cough:
Radix Ginseng (Renshen, 人参), Pericarpium Terminaliae Chebulae (Helilepi, 诃黎勒皮), Radix Aucklandoniae (Muxiang, 木香) [each 1 fen]. The above three ingredients are made into fine powder, blended with raw honey to make seven pills. Take one pill each time, boiled with 2 zhan of water until boiling, add powder to taste, strain and take, at any time.
**Laifu Wan (Radish Seed Pill)** for treating Lung Cough:
Semen Raphani (Laifuzi, 莱菔子) [0.5 sheng, washed, selected, dried, fried yellow]. The above single ingredient is pounded and sieved into powder, formed into pills the size of bullet seeds with rock sugar, wrapped in silk and sucked slowly.
**Yuye San (Jade Fluid Powder)** for treating Lung Cough with phlegm and sputum:
Rhizoma Pinelliae (Banxia, 半夏) [2 liang, large ones cleaned, umbilicus removed], Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis (Zaojiao, 皂荚) [20 stalks, skin and seeds removed, chopped, boiled with 1 dou of water together with Pinellia until reduced to 5 sheng, remove Pinellia, thinly slice and bake dry... text implies using only the treated Pinellia]. Only use the Pinellia, pound and sieve into powder. Each dose is 0.5 qianbi, boiled with 1 zhan of water and one slice of fresh ginger until reduced to 4/10. Take warm after meals.