论曰伤寒发黄之状，身体尽变，或如熏黄，或如橘色是也。凡阳明中风，太阳中湿，皆
令人发黄。盖由得病无汗，小便不利，寒湿不散，则热结脾胃，腠理闭塞，瘀热之气，与宿
谷相搏而郁蒸，不能消散，故大小便结涩不通。令人身体面目，皆变黄色，其病腹满，一身
尽疼发热，若其人小腹满急，眼涩疼，鼻骨痛，两膊及项强腰背急者是也，但得小便快利即
渐愈，仍不用大便多，多即令人心胀，又有急黄者，身体黄甚，猝然而发，心满气喘，命在
须臾，故名急黄，有初得病便黄者，或初不知是黄，死后方变黄者，此病亦因脾胃瘀热。本
天行时气所作也，宜细辨之，但发热心战者，乃是急黄之候。
治阳明病发热汗出，此为热越，不得发黄也，但头汗出，小便不利，渴引水浆者，此为
瘀热在里，身必发黄，下之宜茵陈蒿汤，又伤寒七八日，身黄如橘皮，小便不利，腹微满者。
宜
茵陈蒿（六两） 栀子（十四个） 大黄（生三两）
上三味 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水二盏，煎取一盏，去滓分温三服，后小盒饭利
如皂荚汁者，其黄乃愈。
治伤寒瘀热在里，身必发黄。麻黄连翘汤方
麻黄（根节汤煎沫二两） 连翘（二两） 杏仁（皮尖双四十枚） 枣（十二枚） 生
梓白皮（切一升） 生姜（二两） 甘草（一两）
上七味 咀，如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，用潦水二盏，煎取一盏，去滓温服，不拘时。
治伤寒身黄发热。栀子柏皮汤方
栀子（十五个） 黄柏（去粗皮炙二两） 甘草（炙一两）
上三味， 咀如麻豆大，每服三钱匕，水一盏半，煎取一盏，去滓温服。
治太阳病身黄脉沉结，小腹硬，小便利者，为无血也，小便自利，其人如狂者，血证谛
也，宜服抵当汤方
水蛭（三十枚炒） 虻虫（三十枚炒） 桃仁（去皮尖双仁炒一十枚） 大黄（三两）
上四味， 咀如麻豆大，每服三钱匕，水一盏半，煎至七分，去滓温服。
治伤寒瘀热在内，湿气郁而不散，熏发肌肉，小便不利，身体发黄，利水道，消湿散方
牵牛子（炒半斤只取末二两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 木香 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙各半两）
上四味，为散，每服二钱匕，煎葱白汤调下，不计时候。
治伤寒心胸坚硬，脚手心热，即变为黄。秦艽汤方
秦艽（去苗土） 紫草（去苗土） 白藓皮 黄芩（去黑心） 栀子仁 大黄（锉炒各
一两）
上六味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓温服，日三夜一。
治伤寒发黄，服药瘥后，未全除，余热发动。三黄散方
大黄（锉炒） 黄芩（去黑心） 黄连（去须） 栀子仁 苦参（各一两）
上五味，捣罗为细散，每服用米饮调下二钱匕，日三服。
治伤寒发黄烦热，皮肉皆黄，小便赤不利。龙胆汤方
龙胆 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 柴胡（去苗） 栀子仁 知母（切焙） 地骨皮 木通（锉）
芍药 甘草（炙） 羚羊角（镑） 麦门冬（去心焙） 升麻（各半两）
上一十二味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓不拘时温服。
治伤寒发黄，或先服利药未瘥者，宜以内消汤以折热气。黄芩汤方
黄芩（去黑心） 茵陈蒿 升麻（各一两） 栀子仁 柴胡（去苗） 龙胆（各半两） 犀
角（镑一两）
上七味，粗捣罗，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓入生地黄汁一合，搅令匀，
不拘时温服。
治伤寒发黄，面目悉黄，小便赤，宜服茵陈蒿大黄汤方
茵陈蒿 栀子仁 柴胡（去苗） 柏皮（蜜炙各半两） 黄芩（去黑心） 升麻 大黄
（锉炒各一两） 龙胆（半两）
上八味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓早晚食后温服。
治伤寒发黄，通身如金色者，茅根汤方
茅根（洗锉） 栀子仁 茵陈蒿 地骨皮 甘草（炙各半两）
上五味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，生姜三片豉三七粒，同煎至一盏去滓，早
晚食后温服。
治伤寒发黄壮热，骨节烦疼，两胁下气胀急硬痛、不能食，宜服柴胡枳壳汤方
柴胡（去苗） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 黄芩（去黑心） 栀子仁 茵陈蒿 龙胆 大黄（锉
炒） 甘草（炙各半两）
上八味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓早晚食晚温服。
治伤寒热毒炽盛，熏炙三焦，攻击皮肤，通身发黄，茵陈蒿黄芩汤方
茵陈蒿 黄芩（去黑心） 栀子仁 升麻 秦艽（去苗土） 牡丹皮 荆芥穗 麻黄（去
根节） 细辛（去苗叶） 石膏（碎） 知母焙（各半两） 黄连（去须） 大黄（锉炒各
一分）
上一十三味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至七分去滓，食后临卧温服。
治伤寒时气发黄，葶苈丸方
甜葶苈（隔纸炒一分） 大黄（锉炒半两） 人参（一两）
上三味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服温水下二十丸，以利为度。
治伤寒热毒所加，猝然心中满，气喘急，发热心战。急黄丸方
大黄（半两生锉） 朴硝（一分别研）
上二味，用水二大盏，渍大黄一宿，次旦煎至一盏，去滓下朴硝，搅令匀，不计时候，
温分三服，快利即瘥。
治伤寒急黄。栀子仁汤方
栀子仁 柴胡（去苗） 朴硝（别研） 茵陈蒿（各半两）
上四味，除朴硝外，各细锉，用水三大盏，煎二大盏，去滓下朴硝，搅令匀，不拘时候，
分温三服，取利为度。
治时气急黄疼痛。茵陈蒿散方
茵陈蒿 黄芩（去黑心） 栀子仁 大青（各一两） 大黄（锉） 朴硝（各五两） 白
藓皮 葛根（锉） 升麻（各一两半）
上九味，捣罗为散，每服二钱匕，新汲水调下，得利即瘥。
治时气面黄，腹坚气急，言语错乱。茵陈黄芩汤方
茵陈蒿 大黄（蒸过） 生麦门冬（去心） 栀子仁（各四两） 青黛 升麻（各三分）
黄芩（去黑心二两）
上七味， 咀如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓下芒硝末半钱匕，更
煎一二沸、温服。
Commentary states: The manifestation of jaundice in cold damage (Shanghan) involves the entire body changing color, appearing either like smoke-stained yellow or like the color of an orange. Any case where Yangming channel is affected by wind pathogen, or Taiyang channel is affected by dampness pathogen, will lead to jaundice. This is because after contracting the disease, there is no sweating and urination is obstructed; cold-dampness fails to dissipate, causing heat to knot in the Spleen and Stomach. The interstices (pores and muscle spaces) become closed, and stagnant heat qi combats with retained food, leading to stagnation and steaming without dispersion. Consequently, both large and small bowel movements become difficult and obstructed. This causes the body and face to turn yellow. The symptoms include abdominal fullness, generalized body pain, and fever. If the patient has lower abdominal fullness and urgency, dry and painful eyes, nasal bone pain, stiffness in both shoulders and neck, and tightness in the lower back, recovery will gradually occur once urination becomes smooth and free. At this time, frequent bowel movements are not required; excessive diarrhea may cause chest and heart distension. There is also a condition called "Urgent Jaundice" (Ji Huang), where the body turns very yellow suddenly. It presents with chest fullness, asthma, and life-threatening urgency within moments, hence the name. Some develop jaundice immediately upon illness onset, while others do not realize they have jaundice until they die and their skin turns yellow. These conditions are also caused by stagnant heat in the Spleen and Stomach, originating from epidemic Qi. They must be carefully differentiated. However, if fever and mental trembling occur, it indicates Urgent Jaundice.
For Yangming disease with fever and sweating, this represents heat venting outward, so jaundice will not occur. But if there is only head sweating, obstructed urination, and thirst prompting intake of fluids, this indicates stagnant heat inside the interior, and jaundice will definitely occur. Treatment via purgation should use Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction). Additionally, in cold damage lasting seven to eight days, if the body is yellow like an orange peel, urination is obstructed, and there is slight abdominal fullness, Yinchen Hao Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction) is appropriate.
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, 6 liang), Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae, 14 pieces), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, raw, 3 liang).
The above three herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 2 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm in three doses. Once urination becomes profuse and resembles soap pod juice, the jaundice will resolve.
For cold damage with stagnant heat in the interior causing definite jaundice, Ma Huang Lian Qiao Tang (Ephedra and Forsythia Decoction) formula:
Ma Huang (Caulis Ephedrae, root and node parts boiled to remove foam, 2 liang), Lian Qiao (Fructus Forsythiae, 2 liang), Xing Ren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, peeled and pointed double kernels, 40 pieces), Zao (Fructus Jujubae, 12 pieces), Sheng Zi Bai Pi (Cortex Catalpae, cut, 1 sheng), Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, 2 liang), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 liang).
The above seven herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 2 zhan of liao shui (rainwater) until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm at any time.
For cold damage with body jaundice and fever, Zhi Zi Bai Pi Tang (Gardenia and Phellodendron Bark Decoction) formula:
Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae, 15 pieces), Huang Bo (Cortex Phellodendri, scraped and roasted, 2 liang), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, 1 liang).
The above three herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 3 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm.
For Taiyang disease with body jaundice, pulse deep and knotted, hard lower abdomen, and free urination, this indicates no blood stasis. If urination is free and the person appears manic, this is definitive evidence of blood syndrome. Treatment should use Di Dang Tang (Di Dang Decoction) formula:
Shui Zhi (Hirudo, roasted, 30 pieces), Meng Chong (Bombyx Batryticatus, roasted, 30 pieces), Tao Ren (Semen Persicae, peeled and pointed double kernels, roasted, 10 pieces), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, 3 liang).
The above four herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 3 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 7/10 remains. Strain and take warm.
For cold damage with stagnant heat inside, dampness stagnating and failing to disperse, steaming the muscles, obstructed urination, and body jaundice, Xiao Shi San (Dampness-Dispersing Powder) promotes water pathways and eliminates dampness:
Qian Niu Zi (Semen Pharbitidis, roasted, half jin, powder only 2 liang), Chi Fu Ling (Poria Cocos with Red Skin, black skin removed), Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried, each half liang).
The above four herbs are made into a powder. Each dose is 2 qian bi, taken with decoction of Cong Bai (Scallion White). Time is not restricted.
For cold damage with hardness in chest and heart, heat in palms and soles, turning into jaundice, Qin Jiao Tang (Gentiana Macrophylla Decoction) formula:
Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, seedlings and soil removed), Zi Cao (Radix Arnebiae/Lithospermi, seedlings and soil removed), Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted, each 1 liang).
The above six herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm, three times during day and one at night.
For cold damage jaundice, after medication cures the main symptoms but residual heat flares up, San Huang San (Three Yellow Powders) formula:
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, roots removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Ku Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, each 1 liang).
The above five herbs are pounded and sifted into fine powder. Each dose is 2 qian bi, mixed with rice drink. Taken three times daily.
For cold damage jaundice with irritability and heat, yellow skin and flesh, red and obstructed urination, Long Dan Tang (Gentiana Decoction) formula:
Long Dan (Radix Gentianae), Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii, pulp removed, bran-roasted), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, seedlings removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, sliced and dried), Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae, chopped), Shao Yao (Radix Paeoniae Alba/Rubra), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted), Ling Yang Jiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, shaved), Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis, heart removed, dried), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, each half liang).
The above twelve herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm at any time.
For cold damage jaundice, or cases where prior purgatives failed, Nei Xiao Tang (Internal Resolution Decoction) reduces heat. Huang Qin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction) formula:
Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, each 1 liang), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, seedlings removed), Long Dan (Radix Gentianae, each half liang), Xi Jiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shaved, 1 liang).
The above seven herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and add Sheng Di Huang汁 (Jus Radix Rehmanniae Recens) 1 he. Mix well and take warm at any time.
For cold damage jaundice with complete yellowing of face and eyes, red urination, Yin Chen Hao Da Huang Tang (Artemisia and Rhubarb Decoction) formula:
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, seedlings removed), Bai Pi (Cortex Phellodendri, honey-roasted, each half liang), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted, each 1 liang), Long Dan (Radix Gentianae, half liang).
The above eight herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm after morning and evening meals.
For cold damage jaundice where the whole body is golden yellow, Mao Gen Tang (Imperata Decoction) formula:
Mao Gen (Rhizoma Imperatae, washed and chopped), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Di Gu Pi (Cortex Lycii), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, each half liang).
The above five herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water with 3 slices of Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) and 37 grains of Chi Dou (Semen Glycines Preparatum). Simmer until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm after morning and evening meals.
For cold damage jaundice with high fever, vexing bone joint pain, qi distension and hard pain under both hypochondria, inability to eat, Chai Hu Zhi Ke Tang (Bupleurium and Aurantium Decoction) formula:
Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, seedlings removed), Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii, pulp removed, bran-roasted), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Long Dan (Radix Gentianae), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, each half liang).
The above eight herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 1 zhan remains. Strain and take warm after morning and evening meals.
For cold damage with rampant heat toxin steaming the Triple Burner and attacking the skin, causing whole-body jaundice, Yin Chen Hao Huang Qin Tang (Artemisia and Scutellaria Decoction) formula:
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Qin Jiao (Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, seedlings and soil removed), Mu Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan), Jing Jie Sui (Flos Schizonepetae), Ma Huang (Caulis Ephedrae, roots and nodes removed), Xi Xin (Herba Asari), Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, crushed), Zhi Mu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, dried, each half liang), Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis, roots removed), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted, each 1 fen).
The above thirteen herbs are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 3 qian bi, boiled in 1 zhan of water until 7/10 remains. Strain and take warm after eating and before sleep.
For cold damage epidemic jaundice, Ting Li Wan (Descurainia Pill) formula:
Tian Ting Li (Semen Descurainiae/Sisymbrii, stir-fried on paper, 1 fen), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped and roasted, half liang), Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng, 1 liang).
The above three herbs are pounded into powder, mixed with refined honey into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills with warm water per dose, stopping when bowels loosen.
For cold damage damaged by heat toxin, sudden chest fullness, urgent asthma, fever with mental trembling, Ji Huang Wan (Urgent Jaundice Pill) formula:
Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, raw, chopped, half liang), Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, separately ground, 1 fen).
The above two ingredients: Soak Da Huang in 2 large zhan of water overnight. Next morning, boil until 1 zhan remains. Strain, add Po Xiao, mix well. Take warm in three doses at any time. Stop when bowels loosen freely.
For cold damage urgent jaundice, Zhi Zi Ren Tang (Gardenia Seed Decoction) formula:
Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri, seedlings removed), Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, separately ground), Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, each half liang).
The above four herbs: Except for Po Xiao, finely chop the rest. Boil in 3 large zhan of water until 2 large zhan remain. Strain, add Po Xiao, mix well. Take warm in three doses at any time. Stop when bowels loosen.
For epidemic urgent jaundice with pain, Yin Chen Hao San (Artemisia Powder) formula:
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae), Da Qing (Folium Isatidis, each 1 liang), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, chopped), Po Xiao (Natrii Sulfas, each 5 liang), Bai Xian Pi (Cortex Dictamni), Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae, chopped), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, each 1.5 liang).
The above nine herbs are pounded into powder. Each dose is 2 qian bi, taken with fresh drawn water. Stop when bowels loosen.
For epidemic facial jaundice, hard abdomen, urgent qi, confused speech, Yin Chen Huang Qin Tang (Artemisia and Scutellaria Decoction) formula:
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Da Huang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, steamed), Sheng Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis, heart removed), Zhi Zi Ren (Semen Gardeniae, each 4 liang), Qing Dai (Azaetum), Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae, each 3 fen), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, black heart removed, 2 liang).
The above seven herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is 5 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 zhan of water until 8/10 remains. Strain, add Mang Xiao powder (Natrii Sulfas, 0.5 qian bi), boil for 1-2 more boils. Take warm.