论曰留饮之病，得于三焦壅痞。气脉凝涩。致水饮不消，留聚于胸膈之间。令人痞满短
气。胁下胀痛，喜渴数饮。是其候也。
治膈间留饮。呕逆头眩。短气多渴。赤茯苓汤方
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 柴胡（去苗） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 白术 槟榔（锉各一两） 杏
仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒） 半夏（汤浸染遍去滑各三分） 人参 旋复花（各半两）
上九味。粗捣筛。每服五钱匕，以水一盏半，入生姜半分拍碎，煎至一盏，去滓不计时
候温服。
治留饮。宿食不消，心下坚满，腹中积聚。当归汤方
当归（切焙） 人参 桂（去粗皮） 黄芩（去黑心） 甘草（炙） 芍药 芒硝（各
二两） 大黄（锉炒四两
上九味。粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，以水一盏半，入生姜半分切，煎取八分，去滓温服。
治留饮不除，胸中痰冷，半夏汤方
半夏（汤洗七遍五两） 白术（三两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 人参 桂（去粗皮） 甘
草（炙） 附子（炮裂去
上七味。锉如麻豆。每服五钱匕，以水一盏半，入生姜半分切，同煎取一盏，去滓温服、
日二。
治留饮不消。心下痞坚，时复作痛，枳实汤方
枳实（去瓤麸炒二两） 白术（三两） 桂（去粗皮一两）
上三味。粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，以水一盏。入生姜半分切，煎至七分，去滓温服。日三
四服。
治留饮宿食不消。心腹坚痛，胸满呕逆。槟榔汤方
槟榔（锉） 人参 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉） 郁李仁（汤浸去皮） 赤芍药 白
术泽泻 木香（各
上一十一味。粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，以水一盏半。入生姜半分，煎至七分，去滓不计时
候温服。以微利为度。
利胸膈，去痰逆不思饮食。人参白术丸方
人参 半夏曲 白术（锉） 白茯苓（去黑皮各半两） 天麻 丁香（各一分） 龙脑
（研一钱半） 丹
上八味。除研者外。捣罗为细末，和令匀。煮枣肉和丸，如梧桐子大，每服十丸至十五
丸。食后温生姜汤下。茶清亦得。
治留饮。温脾胃，利胸膈。调顺气血。沉香茯苓丸方
沉香（一两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑二两） 槟榔（锉） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 白
茯苓（去黑皮） 肉豆
上九味为末。炼蜜和丸。如梧桐子大，每服十五丸，食前生姜汤下。
治留饮。调正气，利心胸，行壅滞。利膈丸方
槟榔（锉二两） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白焙二两） 牵牛子（微炒四两） 木香（半两） 干
姜（炮一分） 枳壳
上七味。捣罗为细末，炼蜜和剂。再捣五七百下。丸如梧桐子大。每服二十丸。温生姜
汤下。食后临卧服。
治留饮病脉伏。其人欲自利。利后乃快，虽利心下续结满。此为留饮未除，宜服甘遂汤
方
甘遂（炒令微黄半两） 半夏（汤浸去滑生姜汁炒干一两）
上二味。粗捣筛，每服一钱匕，水一大盏，煎至七分，去滓再入芍药末并人参末一钱匕，
蜜半匙头。更煎三两沸，空心晚食前温服。气虚人减服。
治留饮食癖。荜茇煮散方
荜茇 丁香 诃黎勒皮 干姜（炮） 甘草（炙） 大腹（各半两） 草豆蔻（去皮） 陈
橘皮（汤浸去白
上一十味。捣为粗散。每服五钱匕。以水一盏半，入生姜五片。煎取八分。去滓温服。
It is stated that the disease of retained fluid (Liuyin) arises from the obstruction and stagnation of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). The Qi and blood vessels become congealed and astringent, causing water and fluid to fail in digestion and remain accumulated between the chest and diaphragm. This leads to sensations of fullness and oppression, shortness of breath, distending pain in the hypochondrium, thirst with frequent desire to drink. These are its manifestations.
For treating retained fluid in the diaphragm, accompanied by vomiting and reflux, dizziness, shortness of breath, and excessive thirst: Chifuling Tang (Red Poria Decoction)
Chifuling (Poria cum Rhizoma Polypori, removed black skin) 1 liang, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts) 1 liang, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, removed pith and bran, stir-fried) 1 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 1 liang, Binglang (Arecae Semen, chopped) 1 liang, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, soaked in hot water, removed skin and tip, double-kernel ones stir-fried with bran) 3 qian, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, soaked in hot water seven times, removed calcined gypsum) 3 qian, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 0.5 liang, Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos) 0.5 liang.
The above nine ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Each dose consists of 5 qianbi (approx. 5-10 grams depending on era/measure), boiled in 1.5 sheng (approx. 300ml) of water with 0.5 fen of smashed fresh ginger, until reduced to 1 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time.
For treating retained fluid, undigested food retention, hardness and fullness below the heart, and accumulation in the abdomen: Danggui Tang (Angelica Decoction)
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, sliced and roasted) 2 liang, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) 2 liang, Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed rough bark) 2 liang, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, removed black heart) 2 liang, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted) 2 liang, Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) 2 liang, Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 2 liang, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, chopped and stir-fried) 4 liang.
The above nine ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Each dose consists of 3 qianbi, boiled in 1.5 sheng of water with 0.5 fen of chopped fresh ginger, until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm.
For treating persistent retained fluid with cold phlegm in the chest: Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction)
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in hot water) 5 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 3 liang, Chifuling (Poria cum Rhizoma Polypori, removed black skin), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed rough bark), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, cracked by frying, removed skin).
The above seven ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qianbi, boiled in 1.5 sheng of water with 0.5 fen of chopped fresh ginger, until reduced to 1 sheng. Strain and take warm, twice daily.
For treating retained fluid not dissipated, hardness and fullness below the heart, with intermittent pain: Zhishi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange Decoction)
Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, removed pith, stir-fried with bran) 2 liang, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 3 liang, Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed rough bark) 1 liang.
The above three ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Each dose consists of 3 qianbi, boiled in 1 sheng of water with 0.5 fen of chopped fresh ginger, until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take warm, 3-4 times daily.
For treating retained fluid and undigested food retention, hardness and pain in the heart and abdomen, chest fullness, vomiting and reflux: Binglang Tang (Areca Seed Decoction)
Binglang (Arecae Semen, chopped), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, removed rough bark), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted and chopped), Yuliren (Pruni Armeniacae Semen, soaked in hot water, removed skin), Chishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix).
The above eleven ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Each dose consists of 3 qianbi, boiled in 1.5 sheng of water with 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take warm at any time. Stop when mild diarrhea occurs.
To benefit the chest and diaphragm, remove phlegm and reflux, and improve loss of appetite: Renshen Baizhu Wan (Ginseng and Atractylodes Pill)
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Banxiaqu (Pinelliae Fermentatum), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, chopped), Baifuling (Poria, removed black skin) each 0.5 liang, Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos) each 1 fen, Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, ground) 1.5 qian, Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma - *Note: Text truncated to 'Dan', inferred as Danshen or similar based on context*).
The above eight ingredients, except those to be ground, are pounded into fine powder and mixed evenly. Form pills with date paste, size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 10-15 pills after meals with warm fresh ginger decoction; tea infusion is also acceptable.
For treating retained fluid, warming the spleen and stomach, benefiting the chest and diaphragm, and regulating Qi and blood: Chenxiang Fuling Wan (Agarwood and Poria Pill)
Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) 1 liang, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed seven times in hot water, removed calcined gypsum) 2 liang, Binglang (Arecae Semen, chopped), Chenju pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, removed white pith, roasted), Baifuling (Poria, removed black skin), Roudoukou (Myristicae Semen).
The above nine ingredients are made into powder. Mix with refined honey to form pills, size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 15 pills before meals with fresh ginger decoction.
For treating retained fluid, regulating upright Qi, benefiting the heart and chest, and moving stagnation: Ligewan (Diaphragm-Benefiting Pill)
Binglang (Arecae Semen, chopped) 2 liang, Chenju pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, removed white pith, roasted) 2 liang, Qianniuzi (Semen Phytolaccae) 4 liang, Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) 0.5 liang, Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, fried) 1 fen, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus).
The above seven ingredients are pounded into fine powder. Mix with refined honey, pound again 500-700 times. Form pills, size of Sophora japonica seeds. Take 20 pills with warm fresh ginger decoction after meals and before bedtime.
For treating retained fluid where the pulse is deep and hidden, the patient desires spontaneous defecation, feels relief after defecation, yet hardness and fullness persist below the heart. This indicates retained fluid has not been eliminated; Gansui Tang (Kansui Decoction) is suitable:
Gansui (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix, stir-fried until slightly yellow) 0.5 liang, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, soaked in hot water, removed calcined gypsum, stir-fried with fresh ginger juice until dry) 1 liang.
The above two ingredients are coarsely crushed and sieved. Each dose consists of 1 qianbi, boiled in 1 da sheng (approx. 200ml) of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain, then add Shaoyao powder and Renshen powder, each 1 qianbi, and half a spoonful of honey. Boil for 2-3 more boils. Take warm on an empty stomach and before evening meal. Reduce dose for patients with Qi deficiency.
For treating retained fluid and alcohol/fluid accumulation (Shixi): Bibie Zhu San (Long Pepper Powder for Boiling)
Bibie (Long Pepper Fruit), Dingxiang (Caryophylli Flos), Helile pi (Terminaliae Chebulae Pericarpium), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted), Dafu (Arecae Catechu), Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, removed skin), Chenju pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, removed white pith).
The above ten ingredients are pounded into coarse powder. Each dose consists of 5 qianbi, boiled in 1.5 sheng of water with 5 slices of fresh ginger, until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm.