论曰人之有形，借水饮以滋养；水之所化，凭气脉以宣流，盖三焦者水谷之道路。气之
所终始也，三焦调适，气脉平匀，则能宣通水液，行入于经。化而为血，溉灌周身，三焦气
涩，脉道闭塞。则水饮停滞，不得宣行，聚成痰饮，为病多端。古方论饮病有四。即痰饮悬
饮溢饮支饮也。其人素盛今瘦。水走肠间，沥沥有声，谓之痰饮。水流胁下，咳唾引痛，谓
之悬饮。饮水流行，归于四肢，当汗出而不汗，身体疼重，谓之溢饮。其人咳逆倚息短气，
不得卧，其形如肿。谓之支饮。此即见饮疾大概多为此者，然又有五饮。及水在五脏，病各
立名不同，与夫聚而不散曰留饮；僻于胁肋曰癖饮；流移不定曰流饮；沉伏于内曰伏饮；因
酒而成曰酒癖。寒多即曰冷痰。热多即曰热痰，病虽多端，悉由三焦不调，气道痞涩而生病
焉。是以气行即水行。气滞即水滞，故知饮之为病。在人最多，善疗此者，要以宣通气脉为
先，则水饮无所凝滞。所以治痰饮者。当以温药和之。以人之气血得温则宣流也。及其结而
成坚癖，则兼以消痰破饮之剂攻之。
论曰痰癖之病。由三焦气不升降，水饮停滞，流于胁下，寒气乘之。则令胁肋坚胀，按
之有水声，有时而痛，妨害食饮，久不治，令人羸瘦，故谓之痰癖。
治痰癖。胁肋刺痛。匀气宽膈。枳壳丸方
枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 人参 五味子 柴胡（去苗各半两） 石斛（去根） 诃黎勒皮 甘
草（炙锉各一
上七味。捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服十丸至十五丸，食后生姜汤下。
治痰癖，咽嗌不利，及大肠涩滞嗽涎皂荚槟榔丸方
皂荚（去皮并子锉） 半夏（各一两） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁半两以上三味用醋一升
煮尽为度慢火炒焦捣末） 巴豆（二十一枚去皮用醋一升半慢火熬透心紫色为度水淘曝干研）
槟榔（锉捣半两
上五味。研令匀，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服一丸，至两丸，临卧生姜汤下。
治痰癖。醋心吐沫，食饮不消。气逆胀满，大腹丸方
大腹（连皮锉） 槟榔（生用） 桃仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒黄研各三两） 高良（姜三
半）
上四味。除研外，捣罗为末，入研药令匀，炼蜜丸如弹丸大，每服一丸嚼破，生姜汤下，
空心食前服。
治痰癖，及饮酒停痰，积聚不利，呕吐，目视 。耳聋，肠中水声，消饮白术丸方
白术 半夏（汤洗去滑焙各三两） 枳壳（去瓤麸炒四两） 干姜（炮二两）
上四味。捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如梧桐子大，每服三十丸，温米饮下，食前服。
治痰癖胁痛，水饮不消，五饮丸方
青橘皮（汤浸去白） 京三棱（醋浸锉） 乌梅肉（各一两） 酸石榴（生椎二枚） 大
戟甘遂 芫花 巴豆（去油各半两） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁） 豉 五灵脂 苦葶苈（各
一两）
上一十二味。除巴豆外，以水一斗，同煮水尽焙干，捣罗为末，别研巴豆拌匀，醋面糊
和丸，如绿豆大，每服一丸，嚼枣裹药干咽下，食后服。
治痰癖。胸膈不快，利膈丸方
牵牛子（微炒） 皂荚（去皮酥炙各四两） 白矾（烧令汁枯一两） 半夏（汤洗去滑
七遍） 葶苈子（隔
上七味。捣研为末，生姜自然汁和丸，如梧桐子大，食后荆芥汤下十五丸。
治痰癖。胁下硬痛，呕吐痰饮。玉粉丸方
凝水石（四两炭火 及三五时辰取出于地坑内安放盖令出火毒一复时以温水飞研如粉取
二
上五味。同研细，煮面糊和丸，如梧桐子大，食后温水下三丸，取转积滞者，七丸至十
丸，欲微利者五丸。
治一切风冷，痰饮坚癖， 疟等疾。久疗不瘥者，三建散方
芫花（醋炒） 桔梗（炒） 紫菀（去土） 大戟 乌头（炮裂去皮脐） 五加皮 附
子（炮裂去皮脐） 天雄 炮裂（去皮脐） 白术 王不留行 荛花 野狼毒 莽草 栝蒌 蔓
荆实（ 去皮） 踯躅 麻黄（去根节） 白芷 荆芥（穗） 茵芋（各二两半） 石斛（去
根） 人参 石南 石长生 车前子（各一两三分） 萆 （三分） 牛膝（去苗酒浸切焙）
蛇床子（炒） 菟丝子（酒浸一宿别捣） 藜芦（一两一分） 狗脊（去毛） 肉苁蓉（酒
浸去粗皮焙） 秦艽（去苗土各一两） 山芋 细辛（去苗叶） 熟干地黄（焙） 当归（锉
焙） 薏苡仁 芎 杜仲（去粗皮锉炒） 浓朴（去粗皮生姜汁炙） 黄 （细锉） 干
姜炮 芍药 桂（去粗皮） 山茱萸 黄芩（去黑心） 吴茱萸汤（洗焙微炒） 五味子 柏
子仁 远志去心 防己 蜀椒（去闭口者及目微炒出汗） 独活（去芦头） 牡丹皮 陈橘
皮汤（去白焙） 木通（锉） 本（去苗土） 柴胡（去苗） 菖蒲 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 续
断食茱萸 巴戟天（各三分）
上六十四味，捣罗为细散，每服三钱匕，温汤调下。
治头目不利。痰逆恶心，升降气道，宽利胸膈，消痰丸方
木香 草豆蔻（去皮） 槟榔（锉） 青橘皮（去白） 半夏（汤煮至软切焙干） 干
姜（炮各一两）
上六味。同捣罗为末，浸炊饼为丸，如梧桐子大，每服五十丸，食后温熟水下。
Commentary states: The human form relies on water and fluids for nourishment; the transformation and circulation of water depend on qi and meridians to promote flow, as the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) is the pathway for food and fluids. The beginning and end of qi reside in the Sanjiao. When the Sanjiao is harmonious and qi meridians are balanced, it can promote the unobstructed flow of body fluids into the channels. These fluids transform into blood, irrigating the whole body. If the qi of the Sanjiao becomes stagnant and the meridian pathways are blocked, water and fluids will stagnate and fail to circulate, accumulating to form Phlegm-Fluids (Tan Yin), causing various diseases. Ancient formulas discuss four types of Fluid diseases: Tan Yin (Phlegm-Fluid), Xuan Yin (Hanging Fluid), Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid), and Zhi Yin (Branching Fluid).
Those who were previously robust but have now become emaciated, with fluid flowing through the intestines making a gurgling sound, are called suffering from Tan Yin (Phlegm-Fluid). When fluid accumulates under the hypochondrium, causing pain upon coughing or spitting, it is called Xuan Yin (Hanging Fluid). When drinking water flows to the limbs, sweat should be produced but is not, resulting in body pain and heaviness, it is called Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid). When a person suffers from coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, inability to lie flat, and swelling resembling edema, it is called Zhi Yin (Branching Fluid). This covers the general presentation of Fluid diseases. However, there are also concepts of Five Fluids. Water in the five Zang organs has different disease names. Additionally, accumulation without dispersion is called Liu Yin (Retained Fluid); stagnation in the hypochondrium is called Pi Yin (Partial Fluid); migration without fixed location is called Liu Yin (Flowing Fluid); deep-seated and latent internally is called Fu Yin (Hidden Fluid); and formation due to alcohol consumption is called Jiu Pi (Alcohol Partial). Excess cold is called Cold Tan (Cold Phlegm); excess heat is called Hot Tan (Hot Phlegm). Although diseases are numerous, they all stem from the disharmony of the Sanjiao and the obstruction/stagnation of the Qi pathway. Therefore, where Qi moves, water moves; where Qi stagnates, water stagnates. Thus, it is known that Fluid diseases are most common in humans. Those skilled in treating this condition must prioritize promoting the flow of Qi and meridians, so that water and fluids do not coagulate. Hence, to treat Phlegm-Fluids, one should use warm medicines to harmonize them, because human Qi and Blood flow freely when warmed. Once knots form into hard masses, one should additionally use agents to resolve Phlegm and break up Fluids to attack them.
Commentary states: The disease of Tan Pi (Phlegm Partial/Mass) arises from the failure of Sanjiao Qi to ascend and descend, causing water and fluids to stagnate and flow into the hypochondrium. When cold Qi attacks this area, it causes hardness and distension in the hypochondrium, audible fluid sounds upon pressure, occasional pain, and impedes eating and drinking. If untreated for a long time, it leads to emaciation, hence the name Tan Pi.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi with Stabbing Pain in Hypochondrium, to Harmonize Qi and Broaden the Diaphragm: Zhike Wan (Bitter Orange Pill)
Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran) Banliang, Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) Banliang, Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) Banliang, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, buds removed) Banliang, Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis, roots removed), Helilepi (Terminaliae Chebulae Pericarpium), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, roasted and crushed) each Yi Qian (Note: Text implies equal parts or specific measure 'Yi', context suggests standard dosage units).
The above seven herbs are pulverized into fine powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 10–15 pills per dose after meals, washed down with Ginger Decoction.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi with Throat Obstruction, Large Intestine Constipation, and Coughing Saliva: Zaojiao Binglang Wan (Tamarisk Seed and Areca Nut Pill)
Zaojiao (Tamarisci Spina, skin and seeds removed, crushed) Liang, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) Liang, Xingren (Pruni Semen, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel) Banliang. Boil the above three herbs in one Sheng of vinegar until dry, stir-fry over slow fire until scorched, then pulverize. Badou (Crotonis Fructus, 21 seeds, skin removed, boiled in one and a half Shengs of vinegar over slow fire until the center turns purple, washed and dried, ground) Binglang (Arecae Semen, crushed) Banliang.
The above five herbs are finely ground, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 1–2 pills per dose before sleep, washed down with Ginger Decoction.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi with Acid Regurgitation, Vomiting Saliva, Indigestion, Qi Reversal, and Abdominal Distension: Dafu Wan (Betel Nut Pill)
Dafu (Arecae Pericarpium, with skin, crushed) Sanliang, Binglang (Arecae Semen, raw) Sanliang, Taoren (Persicae Semen, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, stir-fried yellow and ground) Sanliang, Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma) Sanliang.
Except for the grinding of Taoren, the other herbs are pulverized. Mix with the ground Taoren, add refined honey to form pills the size of bullet shells. Take one pill per dose, chew thoroughly, wash down with Ginger Decoction. Take on an empty stomach before meals.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi, Phlegm Retention from Alcohol, Accumulation, Vomiting, Blurred Vision, Deafness, and Bowel Sounds: Baizhu Wan (Atractylodes Macrocephala Pill)
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) Sanliang, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water to remove slipperiness, baked) Sanliang, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran) Liang, Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed) Liang.
The above four herbs are pulverized, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, washed down with warm Rice Drink. Take before meals.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi Hypochondriac Pain and Undigested Fluids: Wuyin Wan (Five Fluids Pill)
Qingjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, soaked in hot water, white pith removed) Liang, Jingsanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma, soaked in vinegar, crushed) Liang, Wumei Rou (Mume Semen, flesh) Liang, Suan Shiliu (Punica Granati Pericarpium, fresh pounded) Er Mei, Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) Banliang, Gansui (Kansui Radix) Banliang, Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos) Banliang, Badou (Crotonis Fructus, oil removed) Banliang, Xingren (Pruni Semen, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel), Chi (Fermented Soybean), Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces), Kutingli (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen) each Liang.
The above twelve herbs, except Badou, are boiled together in one Dou of water until the water is exhausted, then baked dry and pulverized. Separately grind Badou and mix evenly. Use vinegar and wheat paste to form pills the size of mung beans. Take one pill per dose, swallow with a chewed jujube, after meals.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi with Chest and Diaphragm Discomfort: Lige Wan (Benefit Diaphragm Pill)
Qianniu Zi (Pharbitidis Semen, slightly stir-fried) Liang, Zaojiao (Tamarisci Spina, skin removed, roasted with su) Liang, Baifan (Alumen) Liang, Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in hot water seven times), Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen).
The above seven herbs are pulverized. Mix with fresh Ginger Juice to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 15 pills after meals, washed down with Schizonepeta Decoction.
Formula for Treating Tan Pi with Hardness and Pain in Hypochondrium and Vomiting of Phlegm-Fluids: Yufen Wan (Jade Powder Pill)
Ningshuishi (Calcitum) Si Liang (Roasted in charcoal fire for 3–5 hours, taken out and placed in a pit to cover and eliminate fire toxicity for one hour, washed with warm water and ground into powder, take two...).
(Note: The text description for processing Ningshuishi is complex and partially truncated in the source provided. Translated based on available text.)
The above five herbs are finely ground, mixed with wheat paste to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 3 pills after meals with warm water. To move accumulated stagnation, take 7–10 pills; to induce mild purgation, take 5 pills.
Formula for Treating All Wind-Cold, Hard Phlegm-Fluid Masses, Malaria, etc., that have not healed after long treatment: Sanjian San (Three Jian Powder)
Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos, stir-fried with vinegar), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, stir-fried), Ziwan (Asternis Radix, soil removed), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Wutou (Aconiti Radix Praeparata, processed, cracked, skin and navel removed), Wujia Pi (Acanthopanacis Cortex), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, processed, cracked, skin and navel removed), Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Lateralis Cum Processu), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen), Raohua (Adenophorae Flos? Note: Raohua usually refers to Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba or similar, distinct from Yuanhua), Yelangdu (Stellerae Radix), Mangcao (Magnoliae Flos? Or Magnolia Bark? Context suggests herb), Gualou (Trichosanthis Radix), Manjingzi (Viticis Semen, skin removed), Zhizhu (Daphnes Genkwa Flos), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots and nodes removed), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Yinyu (Epimedii Folium) each Liangban, Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis, roots removed), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Shinan (Rhododendri Mollis Folium), Shichangsheng (Lycopodii Herba), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) each Liang San Fen, Bixie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma) San Fen, Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, buds removed, wine-soaked, cut, baked), Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus, stir-fried), Tusizi (Cuscutae Semen, wine-soaked overnight, separately ground), Lilu (Veratri Radix) Liang Yi Fen, Gouji (Cibotii Rhizoma, hair removed), Rongcongrou (Cistanche Deserticolae Caulix, wine-soaked, coarse skin removed, baked), Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, buds and soil removed each Liang), Shanyu (Dioscoreae Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, buds and leaves removed), Shugan Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, baked), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, crushed, baked), Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex, coarse skin removed, crushed, stir-fried), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, coarse skin removed, roasted with ginger juice), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, finely crushed), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba/Rubra), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, coarse skin removed), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, black heart removed), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, washed in decoction, baked, slightly stir-fried), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Baiziren (Biotae Semen), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, heart removed), Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Fructus, remove closed-mouth ones and eyes, slightly stir-fried to release moisture), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, rhizome removed), Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, washed in decoction, white pith removed, baked), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, crushed), Ben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma, buds and soil removed), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, buds removed), Changpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Chifuling (Poria cum Pinio, black skin removed), Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix), Shizhuyu (Corni Fructus? Or Ziziphi Spinosae Semen? Context suggests fruit or seed), Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix) each San Fen.
The above sixty-four herbs are pulverized into a fine powder. Take three Qianbi per dose, mixed with warm water.
Formula for Treating Head and Eye Obstruction, Phlegm Reversal and Nausea, Ascending and Descending Qi Pathways, Broadening and Benefiting Chest and Diaphragm, Resolving Phlegm: Xiaotan Wan (Resolve Phlegm Pill)
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Caodoukou (Cardamomi Fructus, skin removed), Binglang (Arecae Semen, crushed), Qingjupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, white pith removed), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, boiled in water until soft, cut, baked dry), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed) each Liang.
The above six herbs are pulverized together. Soak steamed bread dough to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 50 pills per dose after meals, washed down with warm cooked water.