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*Qianjin Fang* asks: There are ten types of cough, what are they? The Master replies: There is Wind Cough, Cold Cough, Zhi Cough (Cough with obstruction), Liver Cough, Heart Cough, Spleen Cough, Lung Cough, Kidney Cough, Gallbladder Cough, and Jueyin Cough. It is asked: How do the syndromes of these ten coughs differ? The Master says: If one wishes to speak but is interrupted by coughing and cannot finish the sentence, it is called Wind Cough; if drinking cold water or eating cold food triggers coughing, it is called Cold Cough; if there is hardness and fullness below the heart, and coughing draws pain, with a pulse that is surprisingly slow, it is called Zhi Cough; if coughing draws pain to the hypochondrium, it is called Liver Cough; if coughing brings up blood and draws along the Hand Shaoyin meridian, it is called Heart Cough; if coughing produces saliva/phlegm that flows continuously and draws down to the lower abdomen, it is called Spleen Cough; if coughing draws to the neck and chin and produces saliva/phlegm, it is called Lung Cough; if coughing causes deafness and draws to the waist and umbilicus, it is called Kidney Cough; if coughing draws to headache and bitter taste in the mouth, it is called Gallbladder Cough; if coughing draws to the root of the tongue, it is called Jueyin Cough. For Wind Cough, purgation should be used. For Cold Cough, Zhi Cough, and Liver Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Taichong (LR3). For Heart Cough, moxibustion and needling should be applied to Shenmen (HT7). For Spleen Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Taibai (SP3). For Lung Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Taiyuan (LU9) [Original text says Taiquan, suspected to be Taiyuan]. For Kidney Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Taixi (KI3). For Gallbladder Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Yanglingquan (GB34). For Jueyin Cough, moxibustion should be applied to Tailing (PC7).

If there is retained fluid causing cough, the patient cannot lie flat due to coughing, which draws pain to the neck, and during coughing, the body sometimes resembles the convulsions of a child. If chronic cough turns into Water Cough accompanied by occasional fever, and the pulse is at the depth of nine beans (or alternatively described as suddenly wiry), this is not a deficiency syndrome; it is caused by cold excess in the chest, and emesis should be induced. If the pulse of a cough patient is wiry and emetic drugs are planned, one must assess the patient's strength and ensure there is no heat before inducing emesis.

Furthermore, for patients with Zhi Yin (Fluid retention in the diaphragm/chest) suffering from cough, irritability, and chest pain, if they do not die suddenly, after one hundred days to one year, Shizao Tang (Ten Date Decoction) can be administered.

Shizao Tang Formula: Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos), Gansui (Kansui Radix), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix) (all processed, equal parts). The above three herbs are crushed and sifted. With 1.5 sheng of water, boil ten large dates until 0.8 sheng remains. Strain and remove dregs, then add the herbal powder. Strong individuals take 1 qian, weak individuals take half a qian-bi, taken in one dose. If bowel movement does not occur after morning administration, increase the dose by half a qian the next morning. After evacuation, nourish and support the body naturally. (Same as *Gujin Luyan*; this formula originates from Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*).

Furthermore, for cough drawing pain to the hypochondrium, Shizao Tang is also the primary treatment. (Use the above formula).

Furthermore, wine drinkers who cough will inevitably expectorate blood, caused by prolonged sitting and excessive drinking. If the pulse is deep, sweating therapy is contraindicated. In chronic cough lasting years, a weak pulse indicates treatability, while a solid, large, and rapid pulse indicates a fatal prognosis. A deficient pulse implies severe dizziness/vertigo, because the patient originally had Zhi Yin in the chest. This condition belongs to the category of Yin (Fluid Retention) diseases. If dampness causes sweating and cough, belonging to Yin Cough, and urination is involuntary like enuresis, sweating therapy is contraindicated; inducing sweating will lead to cold limbs (Jue Ni).

Furthermore, for cough with qi rebellion, leaning on something to breathe, unable to lie flat, Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is the primary treatment.

Xiao Qinglong Tang Formula: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, each 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 sheng), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 0.5 sheng, washed). The above eight herbs are cut. With 1 dou of water, first boil Mahuang to reduce by 2 sheng, skim off the foam, then add the other herbs. Boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, and take 1 sheng. If thirsty, remove Banxia and add Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 3 liang). If slightly loose stools, remove Mahuang and add Raohua (Adenophorae Radix, size of a chicken egg, fried yellow). If dysphagia for food/drink, remove Mahuang and add Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, 1 piece, processed, peeled, cut into 6 slices). If oliguria and lower abdominal fullness, remove Mahuang and add Fuling (Poria, 4 liang). If wheezing, remove Mahuang and add Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 0.5 sheng, de-husked, de-embryoned). Note: Yuanhua does not primarily promote urination, and Mahuang stops wheezing; the current description seems reversed, suspected not to be Zhang Zhongjing's original modification intent. Avoid Hijiao (Seaweed), Songcai (Chinese Cabbage), raw Cong (Scallion), raw vegetables, Moutan (Lamb), and Yi (Malt Sugar). (This is originally from Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*).

After taking Xiao Qinglong Tang, if there is excessive salivation, dry mouth, deep cun pulse and faint chi pulse, cold extremities, qi rushing from the lower abdomen to the chest and throat, numbness in hands and feet, facial flushing resembling drunkenness, followed by heat flowing down to the inner thighs, difficult urination, and intermittent vertigo, Linggui Gancao Wumei Tang (Poria, Cinnamon Twig, Licorice, Schisandra Decoction) can be used to treat the qi rushing symptom.

Fuling (Poria, 4 liang), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 sheng). The above four herbs are cut. With 8 sheng of water, boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, and take warm, divided into three doses. Avoid Hijiao, Songcai, and raw Cong. (Checked against *Qianjin*, this formula was missing here; now recorded from Zhang Zhongjing's formulas).

If the qi rushing subsides but cough and chest fullness recur, administer a formula with Fuling, Gancao, Wuweizi, removing Guixin, and adding Ganjiang and Xixin to treat the cough and fullness.

Fuling (Poria, 4 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, each 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 sheng). The above five herbs are cut. With 8 sheng of water, boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, take warm 1 sheng, three times daily. Avoid Hijiao, Songcai, raw vegetables, vinegar, etc.

If cough and fullness stop, but thirst recurs and qi rushing reappears, it is because Xixin and Ganjiang are hot herbs; taking them should cause immediate thirst. If thirst stops instead, it indicates Zhi Yin. Zhi Yin typically causes vertigo; those with vertigo will vomit. For vomiting, add Banxia to remove fluid.

Fuling (Poria, 4 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, each 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 sheng), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 0.5 sheng, washed). The above six herbs are cut. With 8 sheng of water, boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, take warm 1 sheng, three times daily. Avoid Hijiao, Songcai, raw vegetables, lamb, malt sugar, vinegar, etc.

If fluid is gone and vomiting stops, but the body becomes edematous, Mahuang can be added. However, because the patient already has numbness, Mahuang is not added; instead, Xingren is added. If Mahuang is forcibly added against indications, the patient will definitely experience Jue Ni (cold reversal), because the patient has blood deficiency, and Mahuang disperses yang qi.

Fuling (Poria, 4 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 3 liang), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 3 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, 0.5 sheng), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 0.5 sheng, washed), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 0.5 sheng, de-husked, de-embryoned), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 3 liang). The above seven herbs are cut. With 1 dou of water, boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, take warm 1 sheng, three times daily. Avoid Hijiao, Songcai, raw vegetables, lamb, malt sugar, vinegar, etc.

If the face is hot like drunkenness, this is heat in the stomach rushing upward to heat the face. Add Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) to drain it.

Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, each 3 liang), Fuling (Poria, 4 liang), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, de-husked, de-embryoned, 0.5 sheng each), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, steamed, 3 liang). The above eight herbs are cut. With 1 dou of water, boil until 3 sheng remains, strain, take warm 1 sheng, three times daily. Avoid Hijiao, Songcai, raw vegetables, malt sugar, vinegar, lamb. (All from Volume 18).