广济疗口干数饮水。腰脚弱。膝冷。小便数。用心力即烦闷健忘方。
麦门冬（十二分去心） 牛膝（六分） 龙骨（八分） 土瓜根（八分） 狗脊（六分）
茯神（
六分） 人参（六分） 黄连（十分） 牡蛎（六分熬碎） 山茱萸（八分） 菟丝子（十
二分酒渍
一宿） 鹿茸（八分炙）
上十二味捣筛为末。蜜和丸。每服食后煮麦饮。服如梧子二十丸。日二服。渐加至三十
丸。忌生菜热面猪牛肉 蒜粘食陈臭酢物等。
又疗消渴口苦舌干方。
麦门冬（五两去心） 茅根（一升） 栝蒌（三两切） 乌梅（十颗去核） 小麦（三
合） 竹茹
（一升）
上六味。以水九升。煮取三升。去滓。细细含咽。分为四五服。忌热面炙肉。（并出第
一卷中）
千金口含酸枣丸。疗口干方。
酸枣（一升五合去核） 石榴子（五合干之） 葛根（三两） 乌梅（五十颗去核） 麦
门冬（
四两去心） 茯苓（三两半） 覆盆子（三两） 桂心（三两六铢） 石蜜（四两半） 栝
蒌（三两半
）
上十味捣筛。蜜和为丸。含如酸枣许大。不限昼夜。常令口中有津液出为佳。忌大酢生
葱。（翼同出第二十一卷中）
病源内消病者。不渴而小便多是也。由少服五石。热结于肾。内热之所作也。所以服石
之人。小便利者。石性归肾。肾得石则实。实则消水浆故利。利多则不得润养五脏。脏衰则
生诸病焉。由肾盛之时。不惜真气。恣意快情。数使虚耗。石热孤盛。则作消中。故不渴
而小便多也。（出第五卷中）
千金论曰∶夫内消之为病。当由热中所作也。小便多于所饮。令人虚极短气。又内消者
食物皆消。作小便而又不渴。正观十年梓州刺史李文博。先服白石英久。忽然房道强盛。经
月余渐患渴。经数日小便大利。日夜百行以来。百方疗之渐以增剧。四体羸 。不能起止。
精神惚恍。口舌焦干而卒。此病虽稀。甚可畏也。利时脉沉细微弱。服枸杞汤即效。若恐不
能长愈。服铅丹散立效。其间将服除热宣补丸。枸杞汤方。
枸杞枝叶（一斤） 栝蒌根（三两） 石膏（三两） 黄连（三两） 甘草（二两炙）
上五味切。以水一斗。煮取三升。去滓。分温五服。日三夜二服。困重者多合。渴即饮
之。忌海藻菘菜猪肉。
又铅丹散。主消渴止小便数。兼消中。悉主之方。
铅丹（二分熬别研入） 栝蒌根（十分） 甘草（十分炙） 泽泻（五分） 胡粉（二
分熬研入） 石膏（五分研） 白石脂（五分研入） 赤石脂（五分）
上八味捣研为散。水服方寸匕。日三服。少壮人一匕半。患一年者服之一日瘥。二年者
二日瘥。渴甚者夜二服。若腹中痛者减之。丸服亦佳。一服十丸。以瘥为度。不要伤多。令
人腹痛。此方用之如神。已用经今三十余载矣。忌海藻菘菜。文仲云。腹中痛者。宜浆水饮
汁下之亦得。又备急云。不宜酒下。用麦汁下之亦得。丸服者服十丸。日再服。合一剂。救
数人得愈。古今录验云∶服此药了。经三两日。宜烂煮羊肝肚空腹吃之。或作羹亦得。宜汤
淡食之。候小便得咸苦。即宜服后花苁蓉丸。兼煮散将息。
又疗肾消渴。小便数。宜补丸方。
黄 （三两） 栝蒌（三两） 麦门冬（三两去心） 茯神（三两） 人参（三两） 甘
草（三两
炙） 黄连（三两） 知母（三两） 干地黄（六两） 石膏（六两研） 菟丝（三两） 肉
苁蓉（四两
）
上十二味末之。以牛胆汁三合。共蜜和丸梧子大。以茅根汁服三十丸。日渐加至五十丸
。一名茯神丸。（集验同）
又疗肾气不足。虚损消渴。小便数。腰痛。宜服肾沥汤方。
羊肾一具（去脂膜切） 远志（二两去心） 人参（二两） 泽泻（二两） 干地黄（二
两） 桂
心（二两） 当归（二两） 龙骨（二两） 甘草（二两炙） 麦门冬（一升去心） 五味
子（五合）
茯苓（一两） 芎 （
上十六味切。以水一斗五升。煮羊肾取一斗二升。纳药取三升。分三服。忌海藻菘菜生
葱酢物芜荑。（集验同）
又阿胶汤。疗久虚热。小便利而多。或服石散人虚热。多由汗出当风取冷。患香港脚。喜
发动。兼消渴肾消。脉细弱。服此即立减方。
阿胶（三两） 干姜（二两） 麻子（一升） 远志（四两去心） 附子（一两炮） 人
参（一两） 甘草（三两炙）
上七味切。以水七升。煮取二升半。去滓。纳胶令烊。分三服。说云∶小便利多白。
日夜数十行至一石。令五日服之甚良。忌海藻菘菜猪肉冷水。
又肾消夜尿七八升方。
鹿角（一具炙令焦）
上一味捣筛。酒服方寸匕。渐渐加至一匕半。
又黄 汤。主消中虚劳少气。小便数方。
黄 （二两） 芍药（二两） 生姜（二两） 当归（二两） 桂心（二两） 甘草（二
两） 大枣
（三十枚） 麦门冬（一两去心） 干地黄（一两） 黄芩（一两）
上十味切。以水一斗。煮取三升。去滓。空腹温分三服。忌海藻菘菜生葱芜荑。
古今录验论。消渴病有三。一渴而饮水多。小便数。无脂似麸片甜者。皆是消渴病也。
二吃食多。不甚渴。小便少。似有油而数者。此是消中病也。三渴饮水不能多。但腿肿脚先
瘦小。阴痿弱。数小便者。此是肾消病也。特忌房劳。若消渴者倍黄连。消中者倍栝蒌。肾
消者加芒硝六分。服前件铅丹丸。得小便咸苦如常。后恐虚惫者。并宜服此花苁蓉丸方。
花苁蓉（八分） 泽泻（四分） 五味子（四分） 紫巴戟天（四分去心） 地骨皮（四
分） 磁
石（六分研水淘去赤汁干之研入） 人参（六分） 赤石脂（六分研入） 韭子（五分熬） 龙
骨
（五分研入） 甘草（五分炙） 牡丹皮（五分） 干地黄（十分） 禹余粮（三分研入） 桑
螵蛸
（三十枚炙） 栝蒌（四分）
上十六味捣筛。蜜和丸如梧子。以牛乳空腹下二十丸。日再服。忌海藻菘菜胡荽芜荑等
物。
又服前丸渴多者。不问食前后。服煮散方。
桑根白皮（六分） 薏苡仁（六分） 通草（四分） 紫苏茎叶（四分） 五味子（六
分） 覆盆
子（八分） 枸杞子（八分） 干地黄（九分） 茯苓（十二分） 菝 （十二分） 黄
（二分）
上十一味捣。以马尾罗筛之。分为五帖。每帖用水一升八合。煎取七合。去滓。温服。
忌酢物芜荑。（出第二十六卷中）
[Guangji Formula] Treats dry mouth and frequent drinking. Weakness in the lower back and legs, cold knees, and frequent urination. If mental exertion causes irritability and forgetfulness:
*Ophiopogonis Radix* (12 fen, heart removed) *Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix* (6 fen) *Os Draconis* (8 fen) *Trichosanthes Thunbergii Radix* (8 fen) *Cani Spinae Os* (6 fen)
*Poria Cum Ramo Quercus* (6 fen) *Ginseng Radix* (6 fen) *Coptidis Rhizoma* (10 fen) *Concha Ostreae* (6 fen, roasted and crushed) *Corni Fructus* (8 fen) *Cuscutae Semen* (12 fen, soaked in wine overnight) *Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum* (8 fen, roasted)
The above twelve herbs are pounded, sifted into powder, and mixed with honey to form pills. After meals, take with boiled barley drink. Take twenty pills the size of a Chinese quince seed (*Wuzi*), twice daily. Gradually increase to thirty pills. Avoid raw vegetables, hot noodles, pork, beef, garlic, sticky foods, and aged sour or foul vinegar products.
Another formula treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), bitter taste in the mouth, and dry tongue:
*Ophiopogonis Radix* (5 liang, heart removed) *Imperatae Rhizoma* (1 sheng) *Trichosanthis Fructus* (3 liang, sliced) *Mume Fructus* (10 pieces, pits removed) *Tritici Fructus* (3 he) *Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam* (1 sheng)
The above six herbs are boiled in nine sheng of water until three sheng remain. Strain the dregs. Sip slowly and swallow, divided into four or five doses. Avoid hot noodles and roasted meat. (Both from Volume I)
*Qianjin Fang* Acid Date Pill for Mouth Containing. Treats dry mouth:
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (1 sheng 5 he, pits removed) Pomegranate Seed (5 he, dried) *Puerariae Lobatae Radix* (3 liang) Mume Fructus (50 pieces, pits removed) *Ophiopogonis Radix* (4 liang, heart removed) *Poria* (3.5 liang) Rubi Chingii Fructus (3 liang) Cinnamomi Cortex (3 liang 6 zhu) Rock Honey (4.5 liang) Trichosanthis Fructus (3.5 liang)
The above ten herbs are pounded and sifted. Mix with honey to form pills. Hold in the mouth like an acid date. No restriction on day or night. It is best to keep saliva flowing in the mouth constantly. Avoid strong acids and raw green onions. (Same as *Yi*, Volume XXI)
*Bingyuan Lun*: Neixiao (Internal Wasting) disease is characterized by no thirst but frequent urination. It arises from taking "Five Minerals Powder" (Wushi San) in youth, causing heat to knot in the Kidney, resulting from internal heat. Thus, those who take mineral powders have free urination because the nature of the minerals returns to the Kidney; when the Kidney receives the mineral qi, it becomes full/excess, which consumes fluids, hence frequent urination. Frequent uritation prevents nourishment of the Five Zang organs; organ decline leads to various diseases. When the Kidney Qi was abundant, one did not cherish the True Qi, indulging in desires and repeatedly causing depletion. The isolated excess of mineral heat then generates Xiaozhong (Middle Wasting). Hence, there is no thirst but frequent urination. (From Volume V)
*Qianjin Fang* states: Neixiao disease is caused by Heat in the Middle. Urine volume exceeds fluid intake, causing extreme deficiency and shortness of breath. Furthermore, in Neixiao, ingested food is completely digested and excreted as urine, without thirst. In the tenth year of Daye (Sui Dynasty), Li Wenbo, Prefect of Zit Zhou, had previously taken White Quartz for a long time. Suddenly, his sexual potency became excessive. After more than a month, he gradually developed thirst. After a few days, his urination became extremely frequent, over a hundred times day and night. Despite hundreds of treatments, his condition worsened. His limbs emaciated, unable to rise or walk. His spirit was confused, mouth and tongue scorched and dry, until he died. Though rare, this disease is terrifying. During urination, the pulse was deep, fine, weak, and faint. Taking Gouqi Tang was effective. If fearing incomplete cure, Qian Dan San acts immediately. During this period, also take Chu Re Xuan Bu Wan.
Gouqi Tang Formula:
Lycium Branches and Leaves (1 jin) *Trichosanthis Radix* (3 liang) Gypsum Fibrosum (3 liang) *Coptidis Rhizoma* (3 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (2 liang, roasted)
The above five herbs are cut. Boil in one dou of water until three sheng remain. Strain. Divide into five warm doses, three times daily and two at night. For severe cases, prepare more. Drink when thirsty. Avoid Algae, Brassica vegetables, and pork.
Another formula, Qian Dan San, mainly treats Xiao Ke and stops frequent urination. It also treats Xiaozhong comprehensively.
Lead Oxide (2 fen, roasted and separately ground in) *Trichosanthis Radix* (10 fen) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (10 fen, roasted) Alismatis Rhizoma (5 fen) Lead Carbonate (2 fen, roasted and ground in) Gypsum Fibrosum (5 fen, ground) Halloysitum Rubrum (5 fen, ground in) Halloysitum (5 fen)
The above eight herbs are pounded and ground into powder. Take one cun bi (square-inch spoonful) with water, three times daily. Young and robust persons take one and a half cun bi. Those ill for one year recover in one day; two years in two days. For severe thirst, take twice at night. If abdominal pain occurs, reduce the dose. Pills are also good. Ten pills per dose. Stop when cured. Do not overdose to avoid abdominal pain. This formula is miraculous; used for over thirty years. Avoid algae and cabbage. Wendong says if abdominal pain occurs, take with Jiangshui (fermented grain juice) instead. Beiji Fang says do not take with wine; Mai Zhi (barley juice) is acceptable. For pills, ten per dose, twice daily. One prescription can save several people. *Gujin Luyan* says: After taking this medicine, after two or three days, eat well-boiled sheep liver and tripe on an empty stomach. Or make soup. Eat blandly. When urine becomes salty and bitter, then take the following Congrong Wan. Also use the decoction powder for care.
Another formula treats Shen Xiao (Kidney Wasting) with frequent urination. Suitable for tonifying pills:
Astragali Radix (3 liang) Trichosanthis Fructus (3 liang) *Ophiopogonis Radix* (3 liang, heart removed) *Poria Cum Ramo Quercus* (3 liang) Ginseng Radix (3 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (3 liang, roasted) *Coptidis Rhizoma* (3 liang) Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (3 liang) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (6 liang) Gypsum Fibrosum (6 liang, ground) Cuscutae Semen (3 liang) Cynomorii Herba (4 liang)
The above twelve herbs are powdered. Mix with three he of ox bile and honey to form pills the size of a Chinese quince seed. Take thirty pills with Impe rataroot juice, gradually increasing to fifty pills. Also known as Fushen Wan. (Same as *Jiyan*)
Another formula treats Kidney Qi deficiency, deficiency wasting Xiao Ke, frequent urination, and lower back pain. Suitable for Shenli Tang:
Sheep Kidney one piece (remove fat membrane and slice) Polygalae Radix (2 liang, heart removed) Ginseng Radix (2 liang) Alismatis Rhizoma (2 liang) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (2 liang) Cinnamomi Cortex (2 liang) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (2 liang) Os Draconis (2 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (2 liang, roasted) *Ophiopogonis Radix* (1 sheng, heart removed) Schisandrae Fructus (5 he) *Poria* (1 liang) *Chuanxiong Rhizoma* (1 liang)
The above sixteen herbs are cut. Boil sheep kidney in one dou five sheng of water until one dou two sheng remain. Add herbs and boil until three sheng remain. Divide into three doses. Avoid algae, cabbage, raw green onion, vinegar, and coriander seeds. (Same as *Jiyan*)
Another formula, Ejiao Tang, treats chronic deficiency heat, free and frequent urination. Or deficiency heat in those who took mineral powders, often caused by sweating and exposure to wind/cold, suffering from Hongjiaojiao (foot qi/gout), prone to attacks, combined with Xiao Ke and Shen Xiao, with fine and weak pulse. Taking this reduces symptoms immediately:
Colla Corii Asini (3 liang) Zingiberis Rhizoma Preparatum (2 liang) Cannabis Fructus (1 sheng) Polygalae Radix (4 liang, heart removed) Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (1 liang, processed) Ginseng Radix (1 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (3 liang, roasted)
The above seven herbs are cut. Boil in seven sheng of water until two and a half sheng remain. Strain, add Ejiao and melt. Divide into three doses. It is said: If urine is copious and white, dozens to a stone per day, taking this for five days is excellent. Avoid algae, cabbage, pork, and cold water.
Another formula treats Shen Xiao with night urination of seven to eight sheng:
Cervi Cornu (one piece, roasted until charred)
The above single herb is pounded and sifted. Take one cun bi with wine, gradually increasing to one and a half cun bi.
Another formula, Huangqi Tang, mainly treats Xiaozhong with deficiency labor and shortness of breath, frequent urination:
Astragali Radix (2 liang) Paeoniae Radix Alba (2 liang) Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (2 liang) Angelicae Sinensis Radix (2 liang) Cinnamomi Cortex (2 liang) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (2 liang) Jujubae Fructus (30 pieces) *Ophiopogonis Radix* (1 liang, heart removed) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (1 liang) Scutellariae Radix (1 liang)
The above ten herbs are cut. Boil in one dou of water until three sheng remain. Strain. Take warm on an empty stomach, divided into three doses. Avoid algae, cabbage, raw green onion, and coriander seeds.
*Gujin Luyan* discusses: There are three types of Xiao Ke disease. First, thirst with excessive drinking, frequent urination, urine lacking oil, resembling bran flakes, sweet-tasting; these are all Xiao Ke disease. Second, eating much, not very thirsty, small amount of urine, appearing oily and frequent; this is Xiaozhong disease. Third, thirst but inability to drink much, leg swelling, feet shrinking first, impotence, frequent urination; this is Shen Xiao disease. Specifically avoid sexual fatigue. If Xiao Ke, double the Coptidis Rhizoma. If Xiaozhong, double the Trichosanthis Fructus. If Shen Xiao, add Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) 6 fen. Take the previous Qian Dan Wan until urine becomes salty and bitter as usual. Afterwards, fearing exhaustion, all should take this Congrong Wan formula:
Cynomorii Herba (8 fen) Alismatis Rhizoma (4 fen) Schisandrae Fructus (4 fen) Morindae Officinalis Radix (4 fen, heart removed) Lycii Cortex (4 fen) Magnetitum (6 fen, ground, washed with water to remove red juice, dried, then ground in) Ginseng Radix (6 fen) Halloysitum (6 fen, ground in) Allii Tuberosi Semen (5 fen, roasted) Os Draconis (5 fen, ground in) Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (5 fen, roasted) Moutan Cortex (5 fen) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (10 fen) Yuyili Lithops (3 fen, ground in) Mantidis Oötheca (30 pieces, roasted) Trichosanthis Fructus (4 fen)
The above sixteen herbs are pounded and sifted. Mix with honey to form pills the size of a Chinese quince seed. Take twenty pills on an empty stomach with cow's milk, twice daily. Avoid algae, cabbage, cilantro, and coriander seeds.
Another formula: For those taking the previous pills who still have excessive thirst, regardless of meal timing, take the decoction powder:
Morus Radix Alba (6 fen) Coicis Semen (6 fen) Trogopterori Faeces (4 fen) Perillae Caulis et Folium (4 fen) Schisandrae Fructus (6 fen) Rubi Chingii Fructus (8 fen) Lycii Fructus (8 fen) Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (9 fen) *Poria* (12 fen) Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (12 fen) Astragali Radix (2 fen)
The above eleven herbs are pounded. Sieve through a horse-hair sieve. Divide into five packets. Each packet is boiled in one sheng eight he of water until seven he remain. Strain. Take warm. Avoid acidic foods and coriander seeds. (From Volume XXVI)