阴阳应象大论曰。天有四时。以生长收藏。以生寒暑燥湿风。寒暑燥湿风之发耶。发而皆宜时。则万物俱
生。发而皆不宜时。则万物俱死。故曰生于四时。死于四时。又曰。人有五脏。化为五气。以生喜怒忧悲恐。喜
怒忧悲恐之发耶。发而皆中节。则九窍俱生。发而皆不中节。则九窍俱死。故曰生于五脏。死于五脏。目窍
之一也。光明视见。纳山川之大。及毫芒之细。悉云霄之高。尽泉沙之深。是皆光明之所及也。成因七情内
伤。五贼外攘。饥饱不节。劳役异常。足阳明胃之脉。足太阴脾之脉。为戊己二土。生生之原也。七情五贼。总
伤二脉。饥饱伤胃。劳役伤脾。戊己既病。则生生自然之体。不能为生生自然之用。故致其病。曰七情五贼
劳役饥饱之病。其病红赤睛珠痛。痛如针刺。应太阳眼睫无力。常欲垂闭。不敢久视。久视则酸疼。生翳皆
成陷下。所陷者或圆或方。或长或短。或如点。或如缕。或如锥。或如凿。证有若此者。柴胡复生汤主之。黄连
羊肝丸主之。睛痛甚者。当归养荣汤主之。助阳活血汤主之。加减地黄丸主之。决明益阴丸主之。加当归
黄连羊肝丸主之。龙脑黄连膏主之。以上数方。皆升发阳气之药。其中有用黄连黄芩之类者。去五贼也。
鼻碧云散亦可兼用。最忌大黄、芒硝、牵牛、石膏、栀子之剂。犯所忌。则病愈厉。
柴胡复生汤（治红肿羞明。泪多眵少。脑巅沉重。睛珠疼痛。应太阳眼睫无力。常欲垂闭。不
敢久视。久视则酸痛。翳陷下。所陷者或圆或方。或长或短。或如缕如锥如凿。）
柴胡（六分） 苍术 白茯苓 黄芩（各五分） 白芍 甘草（炙） 苏薄荷
桔梗（各四分） 羌活 独活 蔓荆子 本 川芎 白芷（各三分半） 五味子（二十粒）
上锉剂。水二钟。煎至一钟。去渣。食后热服。
上方以 本、蔓荆子为君。升发阳气也。川芎、白芍、羌活、独活、白芷、柴胡为臣。和血补血疗风。行厥阴经
也。甘草、五味子为佐。为协诸药。敛脏气也。薄荷、桔梗、苍术、茯苓、黄芩为使。为清利除热。去湿分上下。实
脾胃二土。疗目中赤肿也。此病起自七情五贼劳役饥饱。故使元气下陷。不能上升。今主以升发。辅以
和血补血。导入本经。助以相协收敛。用以清利除热实脾胃。如此为治。理可推也。睛珠痛甚者。当归养
荣汤主之。
黄连羊肝丸（治目中赤脉红甚。眵多。肝经不足。风毒上攻。眼目昏暗。泪出。羞明怕日。瘾涩
难开。或痒或痛。又治远年近日内外障眼。攀睛 肉。针刮不能治者。此药治之。）
川黄连（去须为末） 白羯羊肝（一个）
先以黄连研为细末。将羊肝以竹刀刮下如糊。去筋膜。入擂盆中研细。入黄连末为丸。如梧桐子大。每
服三五十丸。加至七八十丸。茶清汤送下。忌猪肉及冷水。
上方以黄连除热毒明目为君。用羊肝者。肝与肝合。引入肝经为使。不用铁器者。金克木。肝乃木也。一
有金气。肝则畏而不受。盖专治肝经之药。非与群队者比也。肝受邪也。并皆治之。睛痛者加当归。
当归养荣汤（治睛珠痛甚不可忍者。余治同上。）
熟地黄 当归 川芎 白芍（各一钱） 川羌活 防风 白芷（各七分）
上锉剂。白水二钟。煎至八分。去滓温服。
上方以七情五贼。劳役饥饱。重伤脾胃。脾胃多血多气。脾胃受伤。则血亦病。血养睛。睛珠属肾。今生气
已不升发。又复血虚不能养睛。故睛痛甚不可忍。以防风升发生气。白芷解利。引入胃经为君。白芍药
止痛。益气通血。承接上下为臣。熟地黄补肾水真阴为佐。当归、川芎行血补血羌活除风。引入少阴经
为使。血为邪胜。睛珠痛者。及亡血过多之病。俱宜服也。服此药后。睛痛虽除。眼睫无力。常欲垂闭不减
者。助阳活血汤主之。热者兼服黄连羊肝丸。
助阳活血汤（治眼睫无力。常欲垂闭。及眼发。致热壅白睛。红眵多泪。无疼痛而瘾涩难开。
此服寒药太过。而真气不能通九窍也。故眼昏花不明。）
炙甘草 黄 当归 防风（各一钱） 蔓荆子 白芷（各五分） 柴胡 升麻（各七分）
上锉剂。水二钟。煎至一钟。去滓。稍热服。
上方以黄 治虚劳。甘草补元气为君。当归和血补血为臣。白芷、蔓荆子、防风。主疗风升阳气为佐。升
麻导入足阳明足太阴脾胃。柴胡引至足厥阴经肝经为使。心火乘金。水衰反制者。亦宜服也。有热者
兼服黄连羊肝丸。
决明益阴丸（治畏日恶火。沙涩难开。眵泪俱多。久病不痊者。并皆治之。）
羌活 独活 归尾（酒制） 五味子 甘草 防风（各五钱） 黄芩（一两五钱）
石决明 知母 黄连（酒制） 黄柏（酒制） 草决明（各一两）
上为细末。炼蜜为丸。如梧桐子大。每服五十丸。加至百丸。清茶送。
上方以羌活、独活升清阳为君。黄连去热毒。当归尾行血。五味收敛为臣。石决明明目磨障。草决明益
肾疗盲。防风散滞祛风。黄芩去目中赤肿为佐。甘草协和诸药。黄柏助肾水。知母泻相火为使。此盖益
水抑火之药也。内急外弛之病。并皆治之。
加减地黄丸（治男妇肝虚热积。上攻头目。翳膜遮睛。羞涩多泪。此药多治肝肾两虚。风邪
所乘。并治暴赤热眼。）
生地黄（酒洗） 熟地黄（各半斤） 枳壳（三两） 牛膝 当归身（各三两） 川羌活 杏仁
（泡去皮尖） 防风（各一两）
上为细末。炼蜜为丸。如桐子大。每服三十丸。空心食前温酒任下。淡盐汤亦可。
上方以地黄补肾水真阴为君。夫肾水不足者。相火必胜。用生熟地黄退相火也。牛膝逐败血。当归益
新血为臣。麸炒枳壳和胃气。谓胃能生血。是补其源。杏仁润肺为佐。羌活、防风俱升发清利。大除风邪
为使。为七情五贼饥饱劳役之病。睛痛者。与当归养血汤兼服。伤寒愈后之病。及血少血虚血亡之病。
俱宜服。
The *Treatise on the Correspondence of Yin and Yang* states: Heaven has the four seasons, which govern growth, flourishing, gathering, and storage, thereby generating the climatic factors of cold, heat, dryness, dampness, and wind. If the emergence of these climatic factors aligns with their proper seasons, all things grow; if they emerge out of season, all things perish. Thus it is said that life arises from the four seasons, and death also arises from the four seasons. It is further stated: Humans have five zang organs, which transform into five qi, giving rise to the emotions of joy, anger, worry, grief, and fear. If the expression of these emotions is moderate (zhongjie), the nine orifices function normally; if they are immoderate, the nine orifices fail. Thus it is said that life originates in the five zang organs, and disease also originates in the five zang organs. The eyes are one of the nine orifices. Brightness and vision allow one to perceive the vastness of mountains and rivers, the minuteness of hair tips, the height of clouds, and the depth of springs and sands. All these are functions of brightness.
These conditions arise from internal injury by the seven emotions (joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear, fright), external invasion by the "five thieves" (pathogenic factors), irregular eating and drinking, and excessive labor. The Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian and the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian correspond to Wu Earth and Ji Earth, respectively, and are the source of continuous generation. The seven emotions and five thieves collectively injure these two meridians; irregular diet injures the stomach, while overexertion injures the spleen. Once Wu and Ji Earth are diseased, the natural capacity for generation cannot manifest its function, leading to illness. This is termed "Disease of the Seven Emotions, Five Thieves, Labor, and Irregular Diet."
The symptoms include redness of the white sclera, pain in the black pupil (cornea/iris area) feeling like needle pricks, weakness of the eyelids (associated with the Taiyang meridian) causing a desire to close them, inability to gaze for long periods, and soreness after prolonged viewing. The resulting nebulae (opacities) are sunken, varying in shape—round, square, long, short, dot-like, thread-like, cone-like, or chisel-like. For such presentations, Chaihu Fusheng Tang (Bupleurum Revitalizing Decoction) is the primary prescription. Other options include Huanglian Yanggan Wan (Coptis Sheep Liver Pill), Danggui Yangrong Tang (Angelica Nourishing Prosperity Decoction), Zhuyang Huoxue Tang (Yang-Boosting Blood-Activating Decoction), Jiadi Dihuang Wan (Modified Rehmannia Pill), Jieming Yiyin Wan (Cassia Seed Nourishing Yin Pill), modified Huanglian Yanggan Wan, and Longnao Huanglian Gao (Brain Camphor Coptis Ointment). These formulas primarily promote the ascent of yang qi. Those containing Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) and Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) aim to eliminate the pathogenic factors of the five thieves. Bi Bi Yun San (Nose Jade Cloud Powder) may also be used adjunctively. One must strictly avoid agents such as Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome), Mangxiao (Mirabilite), Qianniu (Pharbitis Seed), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), and Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit). Violation of these prohibitions will exacerbate the condition.
Chaihu Fusheng Tang (Indicated for red/swollen eyes, photophobia, excessive tearing with little discharge, heaviness of the head, pain in the eye globe, eyelid weakness, reluctance to gaze, soreness after gazing, and sunken nebulae.)
Ingredients: Chaihu (6 fen), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Baifuling (Poria), Huangqin (5 fen each), Baishao (White Peony Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Subohetie (Mentha Haplocalyx), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root, 4 fen each), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Manjingzi (Viticis Fructus), Ben Cao (Ligustici Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 3.5 fen each), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, 20 grains).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush the herbs. Decoct in two units of water until one unit remains. Strain and take warm after meals.
Formula Analysis: Ligusticum Rhizoma and Viticis Fructus serve as the sovereign drugs to ascend yang qi. Chuanxiong, Baishao, Qianghuo, Duhuo, Baizhi, and Chaihu act as ministerial drugs to harmonize and nourish blood and treat wind, guiding the action to the Jueyin meridian. Gancao and Wuweizi are assistant drugs to coordinate the formula and astringe organ qi. Mentha Haplocalyx, Jiegeng, Cangzhu, Poria, and Huangqin are envoy drugs to clear heat, drain dampness, strengthen the Spleen and Stomach, and treat ocular redness and swelling. Since this disease stems from emotional stress, pathogens, labor, and dietary irregularities causing yuan qi to sink, the treatment focuses on ascending yang, assisted by blood-nourishing methods, coordination, and clearing heat/strengthening the middle jiao. This logic is deducible. For severe eye pain, Danggui Yangrong Tang is indicated.
Huanglian Yanggan Wan (Indicated for severe red vessels in the eyes, excessive discharge, liver meridian deficiency, upward attack of wind-toxin, blurred vision, tearing, photophobia, itching and difficulty opening the eyes, or pain. Also treats chronic internal and external cataracts and pterygium unresponsive to surgical scraping.)
Ingredients: Chuan Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, whiskers removed, powdered), Bai Jie Yanggan (White Ram Liver, one piece).
Preparation and Administration: Grind Huanglian into fine powder. Scrape the ram liver with a bamboo knife into a paste, remove fascia, grind finely in a mortar, mix with the powder, and form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30–50 pills per dose, increasing to 70–80 if necessary, washed down with tea water or plain water. Avoid pork and cold water.
Formula Analysis: Coptis Rhizoma is the sovereign drug for clearing heat-toxin and brightening the eyes. Ram liver is the envoy drug, utilizing the principle of "liver treating liver" to guide the formula into the liver meridian. Iron utensils are avoided because metal controls wood; the liver belongs to wood and resists metal energy. This is a specific liver-meridian formula. Add Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Radix) if eye pain is present.
Danggui Yangrong Tang (Indicated for unbearable pain in the eye globe. Other indications same as above.)
Ingredients: Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuanxiong, Baishao (1 qian each), Qianghuo, Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Baizhi (7 fen each).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush. Decoct in two units of water until 0.8 units remain. Strain and take warm.
Formula Analysis: Emotional stress, pathogens, labor, and diet severely damage the Spleen and Stomach, which are sources of qi and blood. Damage to the Spleen/Stomach affects blood, which nourishes the eyes. The eye globe relates to the Kidney. With ascending qi impaired and blood deficiency failing to nourish the eyes, severe pain occurs. Saposhnikoviae Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix are sovereign drugs to raise qi and enter the Stomach meridian. Baishao is ministerial to stop pain and connect upper/lower aspects. Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata is assistant to tonify Kidney yin. Danggui, Chuanxiong, and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are envoys to move blood and enter the Shaoyin meridian. Suitable for eye pain due to blood defeat by pathogens or excessive blood loss. If eyelid weakness persists after pain relief, use Zhuyang Huoxue Tang. If heat signs exist, combine with Huanglian Yanggan Wan.
Zhuyang Huoxue Tang (Indicated for eyelid weakness, desire to close eyes, heat stagnation in the sclera, red discharge, tearing, itching without pain, and difficulty opening eyes. Caused by excessive use of cold medicines impairing true qi circulation in the nine orifices, leading to blurred vision.)
Ingredients: Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Danggui, Fangfeng (1 qian each), Manjingzi, Baizhi (5 fen each), Chaihu, Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 7 fen each).
Preparation and Administration: Coarsely crush. Decoct in two units of water until one unit remains. Strain and take slightly warm.
Formula Analysis: Astragali Radix and Licorice Root are sovereign drugs treating deficiency and tonifying yuan qi. Danggui is ministerial to harmonize and nourish blood. Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Viticis Fructus, and Saposhnikoviae Radix are assistants to dispel wind and ascend yang. Cimicifugae Rhizoma guides to the Foot-Yangming and Foot-Taiyin meridians; Chaihu guides to the Foot-Jueyin Liver meridian. Suitable for cases where Heart fire attacks Lung metal or Water deficiency leads to counter-restriction. Combine with Huanglian Yanggan Wan if heat is present.
Jieming Yiyin Wan (Indicated for photophobia, aversion to fire, gritty sensation, difficulty opening eyes, excessive discharge and tearing, and chronic non-resolving conditions.)
Ingredients: Qianghuo, Duhuo, Danggui Wei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix tail, wine-processed), Wuweizi, Gancao, Fangfeng (5 qian each), Huangqin (1 liang 5 qian), Shi Jueming (Haliotidis Concha), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-processed), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, wine-processed), Cao Jueming (Cassiae Semen, 1 liang each).
Preparation and Administration: Powder the herbs. Form pills with refined honey, size of Sophora seeds. Take 50 pills, up to 100, with clear tea.
Formula Analysis: Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix are sovereign drugs ascending clear yang. Coptidis Rhizoma clears heat-toxin, Angelicae Sinensis Radix tail moves blood, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus astringes; these are ministerial. Haliotidis Concha brightens eyes and removes obstructions, Cassiae Semen nourishes Kidney and treats blindness, Saposhnikoviae Radix disperses stagnation, Scutellariae Radix clears ocular redness; these are assistants. Licorice Root coordinates, Phellodendri Cortex assists Kidney water, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma drains ministerial fire; these are envoys. This is a formula to nourish water and suppress fire, suitable for internal tension and external laxity.
Jiadi Dihuang Wan (Indicated for liver deficiency with accumulated heat attacking the head and eyes, nebulae obscuring vision, sensitivity, and tearing. Treats Liver-Kidney dual deficiency with wind invasion, and acute red-hot eyes.)
Ingredients: Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Rehmanniae Radix, wine-washed), Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, half jin each), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, 3 liang), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Danggui Shen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix center, 3 liang each), Qianghuo, Xingren (Pruni Armeniaci Semen, peeled and crushed), Fangfeng (1 liang each).
Preparation and Administration: Powder the herbs. Form pills with refined honey, size of sesame seeds. Take 30 pills before meals with warm wine or light salt water.
Formula Analysis: Rehmanniae Radix is the sovereign drug tonifying Kidney yin. When Kidney water is insufficient, ministerial fire flares; Sheng and Shu Dihuang subdue this fire. Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix removes stale blood, Angelicae Sinensis Radix nourishes new blood; these are ministerial. Aurantii Fructus harmonizes Stomach qi (source of blood production); Pruni Armeniaci Semen moistens Lungs; these are assistants. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix and Saposhnikoviae Radix ascend clear qi and dispel wind; these are envoys. Suitable for diseases caused by emotions, pathogens, diet, and labor. For eye pain, combine with Danggui Yangxue Tang. Also suitable for post-febrile diseases and conditions of blood deficiency or loss.