小儿寒热者。由风邪外客于腠理。痰饮内渍于脏腑。致血气不足。阴阳更胜而所作也。阳胜则发热。阴胜则
发寒。阴阳交争。邪正相干。则寒热往来。时发时止。然此证与疟相似。而发寒不致战栗。发热不致闷乱。所以
异也。今叙方于后。
人参前胡散
治寒热往来。
人参（去芦） 柴胡（去苗各一两） 前胡（去芦一两） 桔梗（去芦） 半夏（汤洗七次焙干） 地骨皮
（去骨） 甘草（炙各半两）
上为细末。每一钱。水一盏。入生姜二片。煎至半盏。去滓服。无时。
秦艽汤
秦艽（去芦一两） 鳖甲（一两酥炙黄去裙 ） 川大黄（半两锉碎微炒） 竹茹（一分） 麻黄（去根节
半两） 甘草（一分）
上为粗末。每服一钱。水一盏。入葱白二寸。煎至五分。去滓温服。无时。
又方 治如前。及治赤气中人。以猪后蹄烧灰研末。以乳汁调服一钱。治中热亦佳。
香甲散
治寒热肌瘦。
木香（一两） 鳖甲（一两酥炙黄去裙 ） 川大黄（半两锉微炒） 当归（去芦洗净焙半两） 槟榔（三
个） 陈皮（汤浸去白焙秤半两） 柴胡（去苗半两） 知母（半两） 甘草（半两）
上为粗末。每服一钱。水一盏。生姜二片。煎至六分。去滓温服。无时。
二姜丸
治痹疾。发寒热似疟。干姜良姜各等分。细锉。同炒黄。为细末。 饼和丸绿豆大。每服三五丸。煎杨柳枝
汤送下。空心服。亦治疟。
冬瓜汁
治生下至五月以里。乍寒乍热。往来无时。以冬瓜炮熟。绞汁与服。或锉柳枝。煮汁浴儿。
Pediatric cold-heat syndrome arises from wind pathogen invading the exterior at the *couli* (pores and interstices of the skin) and phlegm-fluid retention stagnating within the zang-fu organs, resulting in deficiency of qi and blood, and alternating excess of yin and yang. Excess of yang leads to fever; excess of yin leads to chills. When yin and yang contend with each other, and pathogenic factors interfere with healthy qi, symptoms of alternating chills and fever occur, appearing intermittently. However, this condition resembles malaria (*Nue*), yet differs in that chills do not cause shivering, and fever does not cause mental restlessness or confusion. The following formulas are presented:
**Renshen Qianhu San (Ginseng and Peucedanum Powder)**
Indicated for alternating chills and fever.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind all ingredients into a fine powder. Take one qian (approx. 3-5g) per dose. Add one cup of water and two slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until half a cup remains, strain, and take. No specific timing required.
**Qinjiao Tang (Gentian Decoction)**
Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Zhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind into a coarse powder. Take one qian per dose. Add one cup of water and two cun (approx. 6cm) of Congbai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). Decoct until five fen remain, strain, and take warm. No specific timing required.
**Another Formula:** Treats as above. Also used for "Chi Qi" invasion (pathogenic heat/toxicity affecting the person). Burn the hind trotters of a pig to ash, grind into powder, mix with milk, and take one qian. It is also effective for treating internal heat.
**Xiangjia San (Costus and Turtle Shell Powder)**
Indicated for alternating chills and emaciation.
Ingredients: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Chuan Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Binglang (Arecae Semen), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
Preparation: Grind into a coarse powder. Take one qian per dose. Add one cup of water and two slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until six fen remain, strain, and take warm. No specific timing required.
**Erjiang Wan (Two Gingers Pill)**
Indicated for Bi disease presenting with chills and fever resembling malaria. Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) and Liangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma) in equal parts. Finely cut and stir-fried together until yellow, then ground into a fine powder. Mix with dough to form pills the size of mung beans. Take three to five pills per dose, washed down with decoction of Yangliuzhi (Salix Twig). Take on an empty stomach. Also treats malaria.
**Donggua Zhi (Winter Melon Juice)**
Indicated for infants from birth up to five months old who experience intermittent chills and fever without regular timing. Roast winter melon until cooked, squeeze out the juice, and administer to the infant. Alternatively, chop Liu Zhi (Salix Twig), boil to make a decoction, and use it for bathing the infant.