（附论）
夫伤寒为病。六经受邪。始传于三阳。病在表者可汗。其病三日。传于三阴。病入里者
可下
身
止
愈
或
他病
方
犀角汤（出圣济总录）治伤寒过经不解。热结在里。往来寒热。烦渴躁闷。
犀角屑（一两） 柴胡（去苗） 吴蓝（各三分） 大青 升麻（各一两） 乌梅（去
核） 黄芩
（去
取七
分
鳖甲汤 治伤寒过经。半月不解。
鳖甲（去裙 醋炙） 柴胡（去苗） 升麻（各一两） 乌梅（去核半两） 枳实（去
瓤麸炒）
犀角
七分。
去
木通汤 治伤寒十三日。过经不解。脐腹胀满。小便淋涩。烦闷躁渴。
木通（锉） 葛根（锉） 槟榔（锉） 滑石 瞿麦穗 青橘皮（汤洗去白盐炒各一两）
上捣
筛。
万应散 治伤寒过经。心胸痞满。烦躁狂言。积热毒瓦斯。及妇人血风血气。经候
不调。寒热
甘遂（连珠者） 威灵仙（去土） 五灵脂（各一两） 上为散。每服一钱。如伤寒日
数多。
有积
冷即
柴胡汤 治伤寒发汗下之后。过经不解。胸膈满结而不呕。但头汗。往来寒热。
小便不通。
柴胡（去苗二两） 桂（去粗皮） 黄芩（去黑心各一两） 牡蛎（生用） 甘草（炙
各半两）
栝蒌
葱
白五
保安散 治伤寒过经不解。三焦滞闷。身重疼痛。
黄 （锉） 木通（锉） 青橘皮（汤浸去白焙） 桑根白皮（锉） 白术 陈橘皮（汤
浸去白
焙各
汤调
下。
麦奴丸 治伤寒五六日以上不解。热在胸中。口噤不能言。惟欲饮水。为坏伤寒
所不能解。为成死人。精魂已竭。心下才温。以杖发其口开。灌药咽中。药得下则愈
。麦奴。一曰黑
釜底墨 灶底墨 梁上尘 麦奴 黄芩（一方无） 大黄 芒硝（各一两） 麻黄（二
两）
上为
饮水
竟汗
小麦
乃可
柴胡饮子 治解一切肌骨蒸积热作发。寒热往来。表热里和。则发寒。里热表和
。则发热。邪热半在表。半在里。出入进退无和。积寒热往来。阴阳相盛也。蓄热寒战
。表之阳和。正气与邪热并蓄。脉道不行。故身冷脉绝寒战。而反烦渴也。及伤寒发汗
不解。或中外诸邪热。口干烦渴。或下后未愈。汗后营伤。或骨蒸痿。喘嗽。妇人积疾
。产后经病。及小儿伤寒
柴胡 人参 黄芩 甘草 大黄 当归 芍药（各半两） 上为末。每服炒三钱。水一
盏。
生
各
两。上如大劳热病。五七钱。以利为度。未利。更加。使病不再发也。
和解汤 治气血虚。若外感寒邪。身体疼倦。壮热恶寒。腹中疼痛。鼻塞头昏。
痰多咳嗽。
白芍药 桂（各三分） 浓朴 甘草 干姜 白术（各一两） 人参 茯苓（各一两半）
上
为粗
顺气人参散 温和表里。祛逐风寒。治壮热头痛。项强腰痛。心胸气痞。咳嗽痰多
。发热恶
人参 桔梗 干姜 白芷 白术（各一两） 甘草（半两） 上为粗末。每服二钱。水
一盏。
姜
大神术汤（出济生拔粹方）通解四时伤寒。
苍术（四两制） 羌活 防风 芎 黄芩 枳壳（一作枳实） 甘草（各半两） 白
芷（一
两
服四钱
匕
以意消息。随证增损。非发热而渴。非里实心下满。不可用枳实也。
麻黄升麻汤（出直指方）治伤寒发汗。解利不止。血气壅泄。谓红汗者是也
。
麻黄（去节汤泡二两半） 升麻（一两） 黄芩 芍药 石膏（ ） 甘草（生） 茯
苓（各一
两）
败毒散（出直指方）伤寒热证。通用。
人参 赤茯苓 川芎 北梗 羌活 独活 前胡 柴胡 枳壳（制） 甘草（炒等分） 上
锉散
人参顺气散（出鲍氏方）治伤寒壮热。肢节疼痛。手足冷麻。半身不遂。
麻黄（三两） 干姜（一两） 干葛 白术 白芷 桔梗（各六两） 川芎 茯苓 陈
皮（各
四两）
叶。
煎。不
(Attached Discussion)
Shanghan (Cold Damage Disease) is caused by pathogenic factors invading the Six Meridians. Initially, it transmits to the Three Yang meridians; when the disease is in the exterior, diaphoresis (sweating method) can be used. If the disease persists for three days and transmits to the Three Yin meridians, with the pathogen entering the interior, purgation (draining method) can be used.
Xijiao Tang (Rhinoceros Horn Decoction) [from *Shengji Zonglu*]: Treats Shanghan that has passed its meridian cycle without resolution. Heat binds in the interior, presenting with alternating chills and fever, irritability, thirst, restlessness, and oppression.
Ingredients: Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn) slices (1 liang), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts), Wulan (Isatidis Folium or similar, 3 fen each), Daqing (Indigo Naturalis), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 liang each), Wu Mei (Mume Fructus, pitted), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, removed black heart).
Process: The above herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Biejia Tang (Turtle Shell Decoction): Treats Shanghan that has passed its meridian cycle without resolution for half a month.
Ingredients: Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum, removed skirt edge, vinegar-fried), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 liang each), Wu Mei (Mume Fructus, pitted, 0.5 liang), Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, removed pith, bran-fried).
Process: The above herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Mutong Tang (Akebia Decoction): Treats Shanghan on the thirteenth day, past its meridian cycle without resolution. Distension and fullness in the umbilical and abdominal regions, dysuria with dribbling and astringency, irritability, restlessness, and thirst.
Ingredients: Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, sliced), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, sliced), Binglang (Arecae Semen, sliced), Huashi (Talcum), Qumai (Dianthi Herba), Qing Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, washed in hot water to remove white pith, salt-fried, 1 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Wanying San (Ten-Thousand-Response Powder): Treats Shanghan past its meridian cycle without resolution, presenting with chest and epigastric stuffiness and fullness, irritability, delirious speech, accumulated heat and toxic qi, as well as women's blood wind and blood qi disorders, irregular menstruation, and alternating chills and fever.
Ingredients: Gansui (Kansui Radix, pearl-shaped ones), Weilingxian (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma or Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, cleaned of soil), Wulingzhi (Trogopteri Dung, 1 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are ground into powder. Take 1 qian per dose. If the number of days of Shanghan is long and there is accumulated cold, double the dosage.
Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction): Treats Shanghan after sweating or purging, past its meridian cycle without resolution. Fullness and binding in the chest and diaphragm without vomiting, only head sweating, alternating chills and fever, and urinary obstruction.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, removed sprouts, 2 liang), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus or Cortex, removed coarse bark), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, removed black heart, 1 liang each), Muli (Ostreae Concha, raw use), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 0.5 liang each), Gualou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix), Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus, 5 cun).
Process: The above herbs are cut into pieces. Add three large zhan of water, decoct until 1.5 zhan remains, remove dregs, and divide into three doses to take warm.
Bao'an San (Peace-Securing Powder): Treats Shanghan past its meridian cycle without resolution, with stagnation and oppression in the Triple Burner, heavy body, and pain.
Ingredients: Huangqi (Astragali Radix, sliced), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis, sliced), Qing Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried), Sanggen Baipi (Mori Cortex, sliced), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Chen Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried, 1 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Mainu Wan (Wheat Mildew Pill): Treats Shanghan persisting for five to six days or more without resolution, with heat in the chest, trismus preventing speech, desire only to drink water. This is a "bad Shanghan" resulting from mismanagement, which cannot be resolved and may lead to death. At this stage, essence and soul are exhausted, but warmth remains only in the epigastrium. One may strike the patient with a stick to open the mouth, pour medicine into the throat. If the medicine is swallowed, recovery occurs.
Note: Mainu (Wheat Mildew) is also known as Hei Fudi Mo (Black Pot Bottom Soot), Zaodi Mo (Stove Bottom Soot), Liangshang Chen (Dust from Beams).
Ingredients: Mainu, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, absent in some formulas), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 1 liang each), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 2 liang).
Process: The above herbs are ground into fine powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take 10 pills per dose with warm water. If the patient can drink, give as desired; sweating indicates recovery.
Chaihu Yinzi (Bupleurum Drink): Treats all cases of bone-steaming accumulated heat erupting. Symptoms include alternating chills and fever. If exterior heat is present and interior is harmonious, chills occur; if interior heat is present and exterior is harmonious, fever occurs. Pathogenic heat is half in the exterior and half in the interior, moving in and out without harmony, leading to accumulated alternating chills and fever, with Yin and Yang competing. Accumulated heat causes rigors; when exterior Yang harmonizes, righteous qi and pathogenic heat accumulate together, blocking the pulse channels, causing cold body, absent pulse, rigors, and paradoxical irritability and thirst. It also treats Shanghan where sweating fails to resolve the condition, or various internal/external heat pathogens causing dry mouth and irritability/thirst, or unresolved conditions after purging, Ying-nutrient damage after sweating, bone-steaming atrophy, wheezing and coughing, women's accumulations, postpartum menstrual disorders, and children's Shanghan.
Ingredients: Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, 0.5 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are ground into powder. Take 3 qian of fried powder per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm. For severe labor-fever illness, take 5-7 qian, stopping when bowel movement occurs. If not loose, increase dosage to prevent recurrence.
Hejie Tang (Harmonizing Decoction): Treats deficiency of Qi and Blood. If externally affected by cold pathogens, symptoms include body pain and fatigue, high fever with aversion to cold, abdominal pain, nasal congestion, dizziness, excessive phlegm, and coughing.
Ingredients: Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Gui (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 fen each), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang each), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Fuling (Poria, 1.5 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are cut into coarse pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm.
Shunqi Renshen San (Smooth-Qi Ginseng Powder): Harmonizes exterior and interior, expels wind-cold, treats high fever and headache, stiff neck and lower back pain, chest and epigastric Qi blockage, coughing with excessive phlegm, fever, and aversion to cold.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 1 liang each), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang).
Process: The above herbs are cut into coarse pieces. Take 2 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm. Add fresh ginger and jujube to decoct.
Dashen Zhushu Tang (Great Divine Atractylodes Decoction) [from *Jisheng Bacui Fang*]: Universally treats Shanghan in all four seasons.
Ingredients: Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 4 liang, processed), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, sometimes Zhishi), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang each), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, 1 liang).
Process: The above herbs are cut into pieces. Take 4 qian bi per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm. Adjust according to symptoms. Do not use Zhishi if there is no fever-thirst or interior excess with epigastric fullness.
Mahuang Shengma Tang (Ephedra and Cimicifuga Decoction) [from *Zhizhi Fang*]: Treats Shanghan after sweating, where relief does not stop, with Qi and Blood stagnation and leakage, known as "red sweat."
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, removed nodes, boiled in water, 2.5 liang), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 1 liang), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, raw), Fuling (Poria, 1 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are cut into pieces. Add three large zhan of water, decoct until 1.5 zhan remains, remove dregs, and divide into three doses to take warm.
Baidu San (Defeat-Toxin Powder) [from *Zhizhi Fang*]: General formula for Shanghan heat syndromes.
Ingredients: Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Chi Fuling (Poria with red mycelium), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Bei Jing (Platycodonis Radix), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus, processed), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, stir-fried, equal parts).
Process: The above herbs are cut into coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm. Add fresh ginger and mint to decoct.
Renshen Shunqi San (Ginseng Smooth-Qi Powder) [from *Bao Shi Fang*]: Treats Shanghan with high fever, joint pain, cold and numb hands and feet, and hemiplegia.
Ingredients: Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 3 liang), Jiangjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 1 liang), Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, 6 liang each), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 4 liang each).
Process: The above herbs are cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, add one zhan of water, decoct until 0.7 zhan remains, remove dregs, and take warm. Add fresh ginger and jujube to decoct.