夫膀胱者。主肾也。耳中是其候也。肾合气于膀胱。膀胱者津液之腑也。号水曹椽。名
玉海
空
黄帝曰。夫五脏各一名。各一形。肾乃独两。何也。岐伯曰、膀胱为腑有二处。肾亦二
形应
肾合膀
左手关后尺中阳绝者。无膀胱脉也。病苦逆冷。妇人月事不调。望月则闭。男子失精。
尿有
右手关后尺中阳绝者。无子户脉也。病苦足逆寒。绝产。带下无子。阴中寒。刺足少阴
经治
左手关后尺中阳实者。膀胱实也。病苦逆冷。胁下邪气相引痛。刺足太阳经治阳。在足
小趾
右手关后尺中阳实者。膀胱实也。病苦小腹满。引腰痛。刺足太阳经治阳。
病先发于膀胱者。背膂筋痛。小便闭五日之肾小腹腰脊痛胫酸。一日之小肠胀。一日之
脾。
膀胱病者。少腹偏肿而痛。以手按之。则欲小便而不得。肩上热。若脉陷及足小指外侧。
及
膀胱胀者。小腹满而气癃。
若肾前受病传于膀胱。肾咳不已。咳则遗溺。
厥气客于膀胱。则梦游行。
肾应骨。密理浓皮者。三焦膀胱浓。粗理薄皮者。三焦膀胱薄。腠理疏者。三焦膀胱缓。
皮
扁鹊云。六腑有病彻面形。肾足少阴与膀胱足太阳为表里。膀胱总通于五脏。所以五脏
有疾
数清
夫左手尺中。神门以后。脉阳实者。足太阳经也。病苦逆满。腰中痛不可俯仰。面肿目
黄。
体
方
赤茯苓散（出圣惠方）治膀胱实热。腹胀。小便不通。口舌干燥。咽肿不利。
赤茯苓 瞿麦（各一两） 射干（半两） 子芩 桑螵蛸（微炒） 汉防己 羚羊角屑 川
升
麻
去
滓。
葵子汤（出永类钤方）治膀胱实热。腹胀。小便不通。口舌干燥。咽肿不利。
赤茯苓（去皮） 木猪苓（去皮） 冬葵子 枳实（麸炒） 瞿麦 木通（去节） 黄
芩车前
子（
滓温
服。不拘时候。
榆皮散（出圣惠方）治膀胱实热。小便赤涩。
榆白皮（锉） 车前子 葵根 木通（锉） 瞿麦 白茅根（锉） 黄芩（各三分） 桑
螵蛸
（微炒）
食前温服
大黄散（出圣惠方）治膀胱实热。腹胁胀满。小便不利。
川大黄（锉微炒） 冬葵子 瞿麦（各一两） 黄芩 赤茯苓（去皮） 紫苏茎叶 槟
榔木
通（
食
前
栀子散（出圣惠方）治膀胱实热。心腹烦闷。小便不利。
栀子仁（一两） 石膏（二两） 白茅根（一两锉） 赤茯苓（一两） 犀角屑（一两）
木通
（一两
竹叶
二十片
猪苓散 治膀胱实热。小便不通。腰腹重痛。燥烦。
木猪苓（去黑皮） 防己（锉） 栀子仁（各一两） 滑石（碎） 车前子 槟榔（生
锉） 大黄
（生
栀子仁汤（一名泻脬汤出千金方）治膀胱实热。小便不通。烦闷不解。腰脊
痛。舌干咽肿。
栀子仁（二两一作瓜子仁） 石膏（四两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 知母（炒各二两） 生
地黄
淡竹
去滓
温服
汉防己散（出圣惠方）治膀胱实热。小便不通。
汉防己（一两） 海蛤（半两） 滑石（一两） 葵子（半两） 猪苓（半两去黑皮） 瞿
麦（半
两）
瞿麦饮 治膀胱实热。小便不通。壅闭烦躁。
瞿麦穗 黄芩（去黑心） 甘草（生锉） 木通（锉各一两） 葵根（洗锉） 车前子
（各半两）
上
槟榔饮 治胞囊实热。溲便癃闭。日夜不通。
槟榔（生锉） 羚羊角（镑） 大黄（锉各半两） 甘草（炙锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 防
己（锉
各二
升麻散（出千金方）治膀胱实热。小便不通。舌干咽肿。
升麻 大青（各三两） 射干 玄参 黄柏（去粗皮） 蔷薇根白皮（各四两） 上粗
捣如麻
豆大
细
石膏汤 治膀胱实热。小便癃闭。舌燥引饮。烦闷。
石膏（生） 生栀子（去皮） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 甘草（炙锉） 木通（锉各一两） 上
为散。
每服
车前子散 治膀胱。利小便。解烦热。
车前子 海金沙 井泉石 滑石（碎各一两） 葶苈（纸上炒一分） 上为散。每服二
钱。
用蜜
滑石汤（出千金方）治膀胱急热。小便黄赤。
滑石（八两） 子芩（三两） 车前子 冬葵子（一升） 榆白皮（四两） 上 咀。
以水煮取
三
抵圣丸 治膀胱热。多因天色发热。外肾肿胀赤痛。大便燥涩。而饮水。按之脐腹
痛者。
续随子 薏苡仁 郁李仁 茵芋 白牵牛（各等分） 上各等分为末。滴水和丸。如梧
桐
子大
灵秘散
宣连（二两去须细锉小块） 生姜（四两锉如绿豆大） 上拌匀。密器收贮经宿。于银
石器
内。
丸。
兼金丸（出二因方）治热入膀胱。脐腹上下兼胁肋痛疼。便燥欲饮水。按之痛
者。
大黄（八钱湿纸裹煨） 硝石 桂心 甘草（各四两炙） 桃仁（四十枚去皮尖细研） 上
为
末。
坎离丸 滋肾水。益元气。补下元不足。去膀胱积热。
知母（一两） 黄柏 黄连（各等分） 上为末。水丸如梧桐子大。食前服。温水送下
五十
丸。
芒硝散 治膀胱热结不通。
芒硝（另研半两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮为末一两） 上为末。研和匀。每服二钱。以蜜熟
水一
盏调
治膀胱实热。腹胀。小便赤涩。水气流肿。（出圣惠方）
取浮萍草晒干。细罗为散。每服食前。葱白汤调下一钱。一方治胞转不得小便。冷水调
下二
治膀胱积热。小便赤涩不快。
麦门冬（去心） 山栀子 子芩 茯苓 升麻 麻黄〔去根各一两（分）〕 通草（四
铢） 上
细
治膀胱虚热。下砂石。涩痛。利水道。\x（出本草）
以故甑蔽烧灰研。食前。温酒调下一钱许。
The Bladder (Pang Guang) is primarily associated with the Kidney (Shen). The ears serve as the external orifice for observing its condition. The Qi of the Kidney combines with the Bladder. The Bladder is the Fu organ responsible for storing body fluids, referred to as "Water Clerk" (Shui Cao Chuan) and also named "Jade Sea" (Yu Hai).
Yellow Emperor asked: Each of the Zang organs has one name and one form, yet the Kidneys are uniquely two in number. Why is this? Qibo replied: As a Fu organ, the Bladder has two locations; the Kidneys also have two forms to correspond to them.
If the Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the left wrist is absent (Yang Jue), it indicates the absence of the Bladder pulse. Symptoms include cold extremities. In women, menstrual irregularities occur, with amenorrhea by the full moon. In men, seminal emission occurs, and urine may be abnormal.
If the Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the right wrist is absent (Yang Jue), it indicates the absence of the Zi Hu (Uterus) pulse. Symptoms include cold feet, sterility, leukorrhea preventing conception, and coldness in the vagina. Treatment involves needling the Foot Shaoyin Meridian.
If the Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the left wrist is Excess (Yang Shi), it indicates Bladder Excess syndrome. Symptoms include cold extremities and pain in the hypochondrium caused by pathogenic qi traction. Treatment involves needling the Yang acupoints of the Foot Taiyang Meridian, located near the little toe.
If the Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan on the right wrist is Excess (Yang Shi), it indicates Bladder Excess syndrome. Symptoms include distension and fullness in the lower abdomen radiating to lower back pain. Treatment involves needling the Yang acupoints of the Foot Taiyang Meridian.
When disease originates in the Bladder, there is pain in the tendons of the back and spine, and urinary retention. After five days, it affects the Kidneys, causing lower abdominal, lumbar, and spinal pain, along with soreness in the shins. After one day, it affects the Small Intestine, causing distension. After another day, it affects the Spleen.
In Bladder disease, there is unilateral swelling and pain in the lower abdomen. Pressing with the hand creates the urge to urinate but inability to do so. There is heat in the shoulders; if the pulse is sunken, and there is heat on the lateral side of the little toe.
Bladder distension presents as lower abdominal fullness and qi stagnation with difficulty in urination.
If the Kidneys are diseased first and transmit to the Bladder, chronic Kidney cough persists, leading to urinary incontinence during coughing.
If rebellious Qi lodges in the Bladder, dreams of traveling occur.
The Kidneys govern bones. Those with dense texture and thick skin have thick Sanjiao and Bladder; those with coarse texture and thin skin have thin Sanjiao and Bladder; those with loose interstices have lax Sanjiao and Bladder.
Bian Que said: Diseases of the six Fu organs manifest in the physical form. the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian are exterior-interior partners. The Bladder connects generally with the five Zang organs; thus, when the five Zang organs are diseased... [text fragment].
If the Yang pulse after Shenmen at the Chi position on the left wrist is Excess, it belongs to the Foot Taiyang Meridian. Symptoms include chest and diaphragm fullness and rebellion, severe lower back pain preventing bending or turning, facial edema, and yellow eyes.
Chifuling San (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include abdominal distension, urinary retention, dry mouth and tongue, and swollen throat with difficulty swallowing.
Ingredients: Red Poria (Chifuling), Knotgrass Herb (Qumai) (1 liang each), Belamcanda Rhizome (Shegan) (0.5 liang), Scutellaria Root (Ziqin), Mantis Egg Case (Sangpiaoxiao) (lightly fried), Stephania Root (Hanfangji), Antelope Horn Shavings (Lingyangjiaoxie), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Chushengma).
Preparation: Decoct, remove dregs.
Kuizi Tang (from *Yonglei Linqiang Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include abdominal distension, urinary retention, dry mouth and tongue, and swollen throat with difficulty swallowing.
Ingredients: Red Poria (peeled), Polyporus (Muzhuling) (peeled), Winter Okra Seed (Dongkuizi), Immature Bitter Orange (Zhishi) (bran-fried), Knotgrass Herb (Qumai), Akebia Stem (Mutong) (nodes removed), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi).
Preparation: Decoct, remove dregs. Take warm, at any time.
Yupi San (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include red and scanty painful urination.
Ingredients: Elm Bark (Yubai pi), Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi), Okra Root (Kuigen), Akebia Stem (Mutong) (cut), Knotgrass Herb (Qumai), Imperata Rhizome (Baimaogen) (cut), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) (3 fen each), Mantis Egg Case (Sangpiaoxiao) (lightly fried).
Usage: Take warm before meals.
Dahuang San (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include abdominal and hypochondriac distension, and difficult urination.
Ingredients: Rhubarb (Chuan Dahuang) (cut and lightly fried), Winter Okra Seed (Dongkuizi), Knotgrass Herb (Qumai) (1 liang each), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin), Red Poria (Chifuling) (peeled), Perilla Stem and Leaf (Zisu Jingye), Areca Nut (Binglang), Akebia Stem (Mutong).
Usage: Take before meals.
Zhizi San (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include restlessness in the heart and abdomen, and difficult urination.
Ingredients: Gardenia Seed (Zhizi ren) (1 liang), Gypsum (Shigao) (2 liang), Imperata Rhizome (Baimaogen) (1 liang, cut), Red Poria (Chifuling) (1 liang), Rhino Horn Shavings (Xijiaoxie) (1 liang), Akebia Stem (Mutong) (1 liang), Bamboo Leaves (Zhuye) (20 leaves).
Zhuling San treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary retention, heavy and painful waist and abdomen, and irritability.
Ingredients: Polyporus (Muzhuling) (remove black skin), Stephania Root (Fangji) (cut), Gardenia Seed (Zhizi ren) (1 liang each), Talcum (Huashi) (crushed), Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi), Areca Nut (Binglang) (raw, cut), Rhubarb (Dahuang) (raw).
Zhizi Ren Tang (also known as Xiepao Tang, from *Qianjin Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary retention, unresolved restlessness, lower back and spinal pain, dry tongue, and swollen throat.
Ingredients: Gardenia Seed (Zhizi ren) (2 liang, alternatively Melon Seed Guazi ren), Gypsum (Shigao) (4 liang), Red Poria (Chifuling) (remove black skin), Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) (fried, 2 liang each), Rehmannia Root (Shengdihuang), Bamboo Sap (Danzhuru).
Preparation: Decoct, remove dregs. Take warm.
Hanfangji San (from *Shenghui Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary retention.
Ingredients: Stephania Root (Hanfangji) (1 liang), Clam Shell (Haige) (0.5 liang), Talcum (Huashi) (1 liang), Okra Seed (Kuizi) (0.5 liang), Polyporus (Zhuling) (0.5 liang, remove black skin), Knotgrass Herb (Qumai) (0.5 liang).
Qumai Yin treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary retention, obstruction, and irritability.
Ingredients: Knotgrass Flower Spike (Qumai sui), Scutellaria Root (Huangqin) (remove black heart), Licorice Root (Gancao) (raw, cut), Akebia Stem (Mutong) (cut, 1 liang each), Okra Root (Kuigen) (washed and cut), Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi) (0.5 liang each).
Binglang Yin treats Bladder Capsule Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary obstruction, inability to urinate day or night.
Ingredients: Areca Nut (Binglang) (raw, cut), Antelope Horn (Lingyangjiao) (sliced), Rhubarb (Dahuang) (cut, 0.5 liang each), Licorice Root (Gancao) (honey-fried and cut), Red Poria (Chifuling) (remove black skin), Stephania Root (Fangji) (cut, 2 liang each).
Shengma San (from *Qianjin Fang*) treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary retention, dry tongue, and swollen throat.
Ingredients: Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Isatis Root (Daqing) (3 liang each), Belamcanda Rhizome (Shegan), Scrophularia Root (Xuanshen), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) (remove rough bark), Rose Root Bark (Qiangweigen Baipi) (4 liang each).
Preparation: Coarsely crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds.
Shigao Tang treats Bladder Excess-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include urinary obstruction, dry tongue with desire to drink, and restlessness.
Ingredients: Gypsum (Shigao) (raw), Gardenia (Sheng Zhizi) (peeled), Red Poria (Chifuling) (remove black skin), Licorice Root (Gancao) (honey-fried and cut), Akebia Stem (Mutong) (cut, 1 liang each).
Preparation: Powder the ingredients. Each dose... [text missing].
Cheqianzi San treats Bladder diseases. Efficacy: promotes urination, resolves irritability and heat.
Ingredients: Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi), Lygodium Spore (Haijinsha), Well Spring Stone (Jingquanshi), Talcum (Huashi) (crushed, 1 liang each), Lepidium Seed (Tingli) (fried on paper, 1 fen).
Preparation: Powder the ingredients. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with honey... [text missing].
Huashi Tang (from *Qianjin Fang*) treats Bladder Urgent-Heat syndrome. Symptoms include yellow and red urine.
Ingredients: Talcum (Huashi) (8 liang), Scutellaria Root (Ziqin) (3 liang), Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi), Winter Okra Seed (Dongkuizi) (1 sheng), Elm Bark (Yubai pi) (4 liang).
Preparation: Cut the herbs, decoct in water... [text missing].
Disi Wan treats Bladder Heat syndrome. Often due to hot weather, causing swelling, redness, and pain of the external genitalia, dry and constipated stool, and abdominal pain upon pressing after drinking water.
Ingredients: Croton Seed (Xuisui zi), Coix Seed (Yiyiren), Apricot Seed (Yuliren), Coptis-related herb (Yinyu), White Morning Glory Seed (Baiqianniu) (equal parts).
Preparation: Powder equal parts, mix with water to make pills the size of Sophora seeds.
Lingmi San
Ingredients: Coptis Rhizome (Xuanlian) (2 liang, remove whiskers, finely cut into small pieces), Ginger (Shengjiang) (4 liang, cut like mung beans).
Preparation: Mix well, store in a sealed vessel overnight, process in silver or ceramic vessels... [text missing].
Jianjin Wan (from *Eryin Fang*) treats Heat entering the Bladder syndrome. Symptoms include pain above and below the umbilicus and in the hypochondrium, dry stool with desire to drink, and pain upon pressing.
Ingredients: Rhubarb (Dahuang) (8 qian, wrapped in wet paper and baked), Niter (Xiaoshi), Cinnamon Twig (Guixin), Licorice Root (Gancao) (4 liang each, honey-fried), Peach Kernel (Taoren) (40 kernels, peeled, pitted, finely ground).
Preparation: Powder the ingredients... [text missing].
Kanli Wan: Nourishes Kidney Water, benefits Original Qi, supplements deficiency of the Lower Yuan, and removes accumulated heat in the Bladder.
Ingredients: Anemarrhena Rhizome (Zhimu) (1 liang), Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai), Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian) (equal parts).
Preparation: Powder the ingredients, make water pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take before meals, washed down with warm water, 50 pills per dose.
Mangxiao San treats Bladder Heat accumulation with obstruction.
Ingredients: Mirabilite (Mangxiao) (separately ground, 0.5 liang), Red Poria (Chifuling) (remove black skin, powdered, 1 liang).
Preparation: Powder and mix evenly. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with honey-boiled water... [text incomplete].
Treats Bladder Excess-Heat, abdominal distension, red and scanty painful urination, and edema from fluid flow. (From *Shenghui Fang*)
Usage: Dry floating duckweed (Fuping cao), powder finely. Take 1 qian before meals, mixed with scallion white decoction. Another formula treats bladder torsion with inability to urinate, mixed with cold water, take 2 qian.
Treats Bladder Accumulated Heat, red and scanty painful urination that is unsatisfactory.
Ingredients: Ophiopogon Tuber (Maidong) (remove heart), Gardenia (Shanzhizi), Scutellaria Root (Ziqin), Poria (Fuling), Cimicifuga Rhizome (Shengma), Ephedra Stem (Mahuang) [remove roots, 1 liang each], Tetrapanax Stem (Tongcao) (4 zhu).
Preparation: ... [text missing].
Treats Bladder Deficiency-Heat, expels sand and stones, relieves painful urination, and promotes water passages. (From *Bencao*)
Usage: Burn old steamer liners (Gu Zengbi) to ash, grind. Take 1 qian before meals, mixed with warm wine.