（《食鉴》）
【集解】时珍曰∶大豆有黑、青、黄、白、斑数色，惟黑者。入药，而黄、白豆炒食作
腐
豆叶而大，结角比黑豆角稍肥大，其荚、叶嫩时可食，甘美。
【气味】甘，温，无毒。
时珍曰∶生温，炒热微毒。多食，壅气生痰动嗽，令人身重，发面黄疮疥。
【主治】宽中下气，利大肠，消水胀肿毒（宁原）。研末，熟水和，涂痘后痈（时珍）。
【附方】新一。
痘后生疮∶黄豆烧黑研末，香油调涂。
豆油
【气味】辛、甘，热，微毒。
【主治】涂疮疥，解发 （时珍）。
秸
【主治】烧灰，入点痣、去恶肉药（时珍）。
（《本经》）中品）
【校正】自大豆分出。
【释名】赤豆（恭）、红豆（俗）、 （《广雅》），叶名藿。
时珍曰∶案∶《诗》云∶黍稷稻粱，禾麻菽麦。此即八谷也。董仲舒注云∶菽是大豆，
有两种。小豆名 ，有三、四种。王祯云∶今之赤豆、白豆、绿豆、萱豆，皆小豆也。此则
入药用赤小者也。
【集解】颂曰∶赤小豆，今江淮间多种之。
宗 曰∶关西、河北、汴洛多食之。
时珍曰∶此豆以紧小而赤黯色者入药，其稍大而鲜红、淡红色者，并不治病。俱于夏至
后下种，苗科高尺许，枝叶似豇豆，叶微圆峭而小。至秋开花，似豇豆花而小淡，银褐色，
有腐气。结荚长二、三寸，比绿豆荚稍大，皮色微白带红。三青二黄时即收之，可煮可炒，
可作粥、饭、馄饨馅并良也。
【气味】甘、酸，平，无毒。
思邈曰∶甘、咸，冷。合鱼 食成消渴，作酱同饭食成口疮。
藏器曰∶驴食足轻，人食身重。
【主治】下水肿，排痈肿脓血（《本经》）。疗寒热热中消渴，止泄痢，利小便，下腹胀
满，吐逆卒 （《别录》）。消热毒，散恶血，除烦满，通气，健脾胃，令人美食。捣末同鸡
子白，涂一切热毒痈肿。煮汁，洗小儿黄烂疮，不过三度（权）。缩气行风，坚筋骨，抽肌
肉。久食瘦人（士良）。散气，去关节烦热，令人心孔开。暴痢后，气满不能食者，煮食一
顿即
辟瘟疫，治产难，下胞衣，通乳汁。和鲤鱼、蠡鱼、鲫鱼、黄雌鸡煮食，并能利水消肿（时
珍）。
【发明】弘景曰∶小豆逐津液，利小便。久服令人肌肤枯燥。
颂曰∶水气、香港脚最为急用。有人患香港脚，以袋盛此豆，朝夕展转践踏之，久久遂愈。
好古曰∶治水者惟知治水，而不知补胃，则失之壅滞。赤小豆，消水通气而健脾胃，
乃其药也。
藏器曰∶赤小豆，和桑根白皮煮食，去湿气痹肿；和通草煮食，则下气无限，名脱气丸
时珍曰∶赤小豆，小而色赤，心之谷也。其性下行，通乎小肠，能入阴分，治有形之病
。故行津液，利小便，消胀除肿止吐，而治下痢肠 ，解酒病，除寒热痈肿，排脓散血，
而通乳汁，下胞衣产难，皆病之有形者。久服则降令太过，津血渗泄，所以令人肌瘦身重也
。其吹鼻瓜蒂散以辟瘟疫用之，亦取其通气除湿散热耳。或言共工氏有不才子，以冬至死为
疫鬼，而畏赤豆，故于是日作小豆粥厌之，亦傅会之妄说也。又案∶陈自明《妇人良方》云
∶予妇食素，产后七日，乳脉不行，服药无效。偶得赤小豆一升，煮粥食之，当夜遂行。因
阅本草载此，谩记之。又《朱氏集验方》云∶宋仁宗在东宫时，患 腮，命道士赞宁治之。
取小豆七十粒为末，敷之而愈。中贵人任承亮后患恶疮近死，尚书郎傅永授以药立愈。叩
其方，赤小豆也。予苦胁疽，既至五脏，医以药治之甚验。承亮曰∶得非赤小豆耶？医谢曰
∶某用此活三十口，愿勿复言。有僧发背如烂瓜，邻家乳婢用此治之如神。此药治一切痈疽
疮疥及赤肿，不拘善恶，但水调涂之，无不愈者。但其性粘，干则难揭，入苎根末即不粘，
此法尤佳。
【附方】旧十五，新十九。
水气肿胀∶颂曰∶用赤小豆五合，大蒜一颗，生姜五钱，商陆根一条，并碎破，同水煮
烂，去药，空心食豆，旋旋啜汁令尽，肿立消也。韦宙《独行方》∶治水肿从脚起，入腹则
杀人。赤小豆一斗，煮极烂，取汁五升，温渍足膝。若已入腹，但食小豆，勿杂食，亦愈。
《梅师》∶治水肿。以东行花桑枝烧灰一升，淋汁，煮赤小豆一升，以代饭，良。水蛊腹大，
动摇有声，皮肤黑者∶用赤小豆三升，白茅根一握，水煮食豆，以消为度。
辟禳瘟疫∶《五行书》云∶正月朔旦及十五日，以赤小豆二七枚，麻子七枚，投井中，
辟瘟疫甚效。又正月七日，新布囊盛赤小豆置井中，三日取出，男吞七枚，女吞二七枚，竟
年无病也。（《肘后方》）
辟厌疾病∶正月元旦，面东，以齑水吞赤小豆三七枚，一年无诸疾。又七月立秋日，面
西
伤寒狐惑∶张仲景曰∶狐惑病，脉数，无热微烦，默默但欲卧，汗出。初得三、四日，
目赤如鸠眼；七、八日，目四 黄黑。若能食者，脓已成也。赤豆当归散主之。赤小豆三升
（
下部卒痛，如鸟啄之状∶用小豆、大豆各一升，蒸熟，作二囊，更互坐之，即止。（《肘
后方》）。
水谷痢疾∶小豆一合，熔蜡三两，顿服取效。（《必效方》）
热毒下血，或因食热物发动∶赤小豆末，水服方寸匕。（《梅师方》）
肠痔下血∶小豆二升，苦酒五升，煮熟日干，再浸至酒尽乃止，为末。酒服一钱，日三
服。（《肘后方》）。
舌上出血，如簪孔∶小豆一升，杵碎，水三升和，绞汁服。（《肘后方》）。
热淋血淋，不拘男女∶用赤小豆三合，慢火炒为末，煨葱一茎，擂酒热调二钱服。（《修
真秘旨》）。
重舌鹅口∶赤小豆末，醋和涂之。（《普济方》）。
小儿不语，四、五岁不语者∶赤小豆末，酒和，敷舌下。（《千金》）。
牙齿疼痛∶红豆末，擦牙吐涎，及吹鼻中。一方入铜青少许。一方入花碱少许。（《家
宝
中酒呕逆∶赤小豆煮汁，徐徐饮之。（《食鉴本草》）。
频致堕胎∶赤小豆末，酒服方寸匕，日二服。（《千金》）。
妊娠行经∶方同上。
妇人难产∶《产宝》∶用赤小豆生吞七枚，佳。《集验》∶治难产日久气乏。用赤小豆一升，
以水九升，煮取汁，入炙过黄明胶一两，同煎少时。一服五合，不过三、四服，即产
胞衣不下∶用赤小豆，男七枚，女二七枚，东流水吞服之。（《救急方》）。
产后目闭心闷∶赤小豆生研，东流水服方寸匕。不瘥更服。（《肘后方》）。
产后闷满，不能食∶用小豆三、七枚，烧研，冷水顿服，佳。（《千金方》）。
乳汁不通∶赤小豆煮汁饮之。（《产书》）。
妇人吹奶∶赤小豆，酒研，温服，以滓敷之。（熊氏）。
妇人乳肿∶小豆、莽草等分。为末。苦酒和敷，佳。（《梅师》）。
痈疽初作∶赤小豆末，水和涂之，毒即消散，频用有效。（《短剧方》）。
石痈诸痈∶赤小豆五合，纳苦酒中五宿，炒研，以苦酒和涂即消。加栝蒌根等分。（《范
汪方》）
痘后痈毒∶赤小豆末，鸡子白调涂敷之。
腮颊热肿∶赤小豆末，和蜜涂之，一夜即消。或加芙蓉叶末尤妙。
丹毒如火赤小豆末，和鸡子白，时时涂之不已，逐手即消。（《短剧方》）。
风瘙瘾疹∶赤小豆、荆芥穗等分，为末，鸡子清调涂之。
金疮烦满∶赤小豆一升，苦酒浸一日，熬燥再浸，满三日，令黑色，为末。每服方寸匕，
日三服。（《千金》）。
六畜肉毒∶小豆一升，烧研。水服三方寸匕，神良。（《千金方》）。
叶
【主治】去烦热，止小便数（《别录》）。煮食，明目（《日华》）。
【发明】时珍曰∶小豆利小便，而藿止小便，与麻黄发汗而根止汗同意，物理之异如此
【附方】旧一，新一。
小便频数∶小豆叶一斤，入豉汁中煮，调和作羹食之。（《心镜》）。
小儿遗尿∶小豆叶捣汁服之。（《千金》）
芽
【主治】妊娠数月，经水时来，名曰漏胎；或因房室，名曰伤胎。用此为末，温酒
服方寸匕，日三，得效乃止（时珍。出《普济》）。
[Background Information]
Book: Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)
Author: Li Shizhen
Dynasty: Ming Dynasty, Wanli 6th Year
Chapter: Yellow Soybean / Red Adzuki Bean
Category: Materia Medica
(From *Shijian*)
[Ji Jie - Collected Explanations] Li Shizhen said: Soybeans come in black, green, yellow, white, and spotted colors. Only the black ones are used for medicinal purposes. The yellow and white beans can be stir-fried to make tofu. The leaves are broad, and the pods are slightly larger and plumper than those of black soybeans. The pods and young leaves are edible when tender, with a sweet and delicious taste.
[Qi Wei - Flavor and Properties] Sweet in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic.
Li Shizhen said: Raw is warm; stir-fried until hot, it is slightly toxic. Overconsumion obstructs Qi, generates phlegm, triggers coughing, causes heaviness in the body, and induces facial yellowing, sores, and scabies.
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Relaxes the middle jiao and directs Qi downward, promotes bowel movement, and reduces edema and swelling/toxins (Ning Yuan). Ground into powder, mixed with cooked water, and applied topically to treat abscesses after smallpox healing (Li Shizhen).
[Fu Fang - Attached Prescriptions] One new prescription.
Abscesses after smallpox: Charred yellow soybeans ground into powder, mixed with sesame oil, and applied topically.
Soybean Oil
[Qi Wei - Flavor and Properties] Pungent and sweet in flavor, hot in nature, slightly toxic.
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Applied topically for sores and scabies; eliminates head lice (Li Shizhen).
Stalks
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Burned to ash, used in preparations for moles and removing necrotic tissue (Li Shizhen).
(From *Shennong Bencao Jing*, Middle Grade)
[Jiao Zheng - Correction] Separated from soybeans.
[Shi Ming - Names] Chi Dou (Gong), Hong Dou (common name), Shu (*Guangya*). The leaf is named Huo.
Li Shizhen said: According to research, the *Classic of Poetry* states: "Millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, hemp, and legumes." These are the eight grains. Dong Zhongshu noted: "Shu refers to soybeans, which have two types. Small beans are called Lu, with three or four varieties." Wang Zhen stated: "Current red beans, white beans, green beans, and xuan beans are all small beans." The variety used medicinally here is the red adzuki bean.
[Ji Jie - Collected Explanations] Su Song said: Red adzuki beans are widely cultivated in the Jianghuai region.
Kou Zongshi said: They are commonly consumed in Guanxi, Hebei, Bian, and Luo regions.
Li Shizhen said: Medicinal quality requires beans that are tight, small, and dark red. Larger, bright red, or pale red varieties are not therapeutic. Sown after the Summer Solstice, the stalks grow about one chi high. Leaves resemble cowpeas but are slightly rounder and smaller. Flowers in autumn, resembling small, pale cowpea flowers, silver-brown with a foul odor. Pods are 2-3 cun long, slightly larger than mung bean pods, with skin color slightly white with red tinge. Harvested when three parts green and two parts yellow. Can be boiled, fried, made into porridge, rice, or wonton filling.
[Qi Wei - Flavor and Properties] Sweet and sour in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic.
Sun Simiao said: Sweet and salty, cold. Consumed with fish, it causes Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome); made into paste and eaten with rice, it causes mouth ulcers.
Meng Shen said: Donkeys fed them become light-footed; humans consuming them feel heavy-bodied.
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Drains edema, expels pus and blood from carbuncles/swellings (*Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats chills/fever, heat-center wasting-thirst, dysentery, promotes urination, relieves lower abdominal distension, and treats sudden vomiting/reversal of Qi (*Bielu*). Clears heat toxins, disperses evil blood, relieves fullness/irritability, unblocks Qi, strengthens spleen/stomach, and improves appetite. Crushed into powder and mixed with egg white, applied to all heat-toxin carbuncles/swellings. Juice boiled and used to wash infant yellow rot-sores; no more than three applications suffice (Quan). Astringes Qi, moves wind, strengthens sinews/bones, and reduces muscle bulk. Long-term consumption emaciates the body (Shiliang). Disperses Qi, removes joint irritability/heat, opens the heart orifice. After acute dysentery, if Qi-fullness prevents eating, boiling and eating once suffices. Prevents epidemics, treats difficult labor, expels placenta, and promotes lactation. Boiled with carp, li fish, crucian carp, or yellow hen, all promote diuresis and reduce edema (Li Shizhen).
[Fa Ming - Elucidation] Tao Hongjing said: Small beans drain fluids and promote urination. Long-term use causes dry skin.
Su Song said: Most urgently needed for Water-Qi disease and Hongjiao (gouty arthritis). Someone suffering from Hongjiao carried these beans in a bag and trod on them morning and evening; eventually cured.
Li Dongyuan said: Those treating water-disease only know how to drain water but fail to tonify the stomach, resulting in stagnation. Red adzuki bean drains water, unblocks Qi, and strengthens spleen/stomach; this is its medicinal efficacy.
Meng Shen said: Red adzuki bean boiled with mulberry root bark clears dampness and bi-swellings; boiled with Tong Cao, it infinitely descends Qi, named Tuo Qi Pill.
Li Shizhen said: Red adzuki bean is small and red, belonging to the Heart grain. Its nature descends, connecting to the Small Intestine, entering the Yin aspect, treating tangible diseases. Thus, it moves fluids, promotes urination, reduces distension/swelling, stops vomiting, treats dysentery/intestinal abscesses, resolves alcohol intoxication, clears heat/chill carbuncles/swellings, expels pus/disperses blood, promotes lactation, expels placenta/treats dystocia—all tangible diseases. Long-term use excessively lowers descending functions, leaking fluids and blood, causing emaciation and heaviness. In the Genti San blown into the nose to prevent epidemics, it is used for its ability to unblock Qi, remove dampness, and dissipate heat. Some claim Gonggong's unfilial son died on Winter Solstice becoming an epidemic ghost fearing red beans, hence making red bean porridge to suppress him; this is an absurd fabrication. Furthermore, Chen Ziming's *Furen Liangfang* states: "My wife ate vegetarian food; seven days postpartum, milk flow failed despite medication. Accidentally obtaining one sheng of red adzuki bean, I boiled it into porridge. That night, flow commenced. Consulting Materia Medica records this, noting it casually." Also, *Zhu Shi Ji Yan Fang* states: "When Emperor Renzong was Crown Prince, he suffered mumps. Daoist Zanning treated him. Seventy small beans ground to powder were applied, curing him. Eunuch Ren Chengliang later suffered fatal malignant sores. Shangshulang Fu Yong prescribed medicine, curing him instantly. Inquiry revealed the ingredient was red adzuki bean. I suffered rib abscess reaching five zang-organs; physician's treatment was effective. Chengliang asked: 'Is it red adzuki bean?' Physician apologized: 'I saved thirty lives with this; please do not mention it again.' A monk had back carbuncle like rotten melon; neighbor's wet nurse cured him miraculously with this drug. This drug treats all carbuncles, ulcers, sores, scabies, and red swellings, benign or malignant. Mixed with water and applied, all heal. However, it is sticky; hard to remove when dry. Adding ramie root powder prevents stickiness; this method is superior."
[Fu Fang - Attached Prescriptions] Fifteen old prescriptions, nineteen new prescriptions.
Water-Qi Swelling: Su Song said: Use five he of red adzuki bean, one garlic clove, five qian of fresh ginger, one root of Phytolacca acinosa. All crushed, boiled together until soft. Remove herbs. Eat beans on empty stomach, sip broth until finished; swelling vanishes immediately. Wei Zhou's *Duxing Fang*: Treats edema starting from feet, fatal if entering abdomen. One dou of red adzuki bean, boiled thoroughly. Take five sheng of juice, warm soak feet/knees. If entered abdomen, eat only small beans, avoid other foods; also cures. *Mei Shi Fang*: Treats edema. Burn one sheng of flower mulberry branches growing eastward to ash, leach juice, boil one sheng of red adzuki bean, replace rice meals; excellent. Water Gu (ascites) with large abdomen, audible sound upon shaking, black skin: Use three sheng of red adzuki bean, one handful of Imperata cylindrica rhizome. Boil in water, eat beans; stop when reduced.
Preventing Epidemics: *Wuxing Shu* says: On first and fifteenth day of first lunar month, throw fourteen red adzuki beans and seven hemp seeds into well; highly effective against epidemics. Also, on seventh day of first month, place red adzuki beans in new cloth bag in well for three days, take out. Men swallow seven beans, women swallow fourteen; no illness all year. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Exorcising Diseases: On New Year's Day, facing East, swallow twenty-one red adzuki beans with vinegar water; no diseases all year. Also, on Start of Autumn (7th month), facing West...
Shanghan Huche (Fox-Charm Disease): Zhang Zhongjing said: Huche disease features rapid pulse, no fever but slight irritability, silence preferring sleep, sweating. After 3-4 days, eyes red as dove eyes; after 7-8 days, eye corners yellow/black. If able to eat, pus has formed. Chidou Danggui San governs. Red adzuki bean three sheng...
Sudden pain in lower part, like bird pecking: Use one sheng each of small bean and soybean, steamed, made into two bags, alternate sitting on them; pain stops. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Water-Grain Dysentery: One he of small bean, three liang of melted wax, taken at once for effect. (*Bixiao Fang*)
Heat-Toxin Lower Bleeding, or triggered by hot food: Powder of red adzuki bean, taken with water, one fangcun bi. (*Mei Shi Fang*)
Intestinal Hemorrhoids Lower Bleeding: Two sheng of small bean, five sheng of vinegar. Boil, sun-dry, re-soak until vinegar exhausted. Grind to powder. Take one qian with wine, three times daily. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Tongue Bleeding, like needle hole: One sheng of small bean, pounded, mixed with three sheng water, strained juice drunk. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*).
Heat Lin/Blood Lin, regardless of gender: Three he of red adzuki bean, slow-fire fried to powder. Roast one scallion stem, pound with wine, mix hot, take two qian. (*Xiuzhen Mizhi*).
Double Tongue/Goat Mouth: Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with vinegar, applied. (*Pujifang*).
Infant Mutism (4-5 years old): Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with wine, applied under tongue. (*Qianjin*)
Toothache: Hongdou powder, rub teeth, spit saliva, blow into nose. One formula adds little copper green. Another adds little flower alkali. (*Jiabao*)
Alcohol Vomiting/Nausea: Red adzuki bean boiled juice, drink slowly. (*Shijian Bencao*)
Frequent Miscarriage: Red adzuki bean powder, wine taken fangcun bi, twice daily. (*Qianjin*)
Menstruation during Pregnancy: Same prescription above.
Difficult Labor: *Chanbao*: Swallow seven raw red adzuki beans; best. *Jiyan*: Treats prolonged difficult labor with Qi deficiency. One sheng red adzuki bean, nine sheng water, boil to extract juice. Add one liang of prepared Huangming Jiao, simmer briefly. Take five he per dose; within 3-4 doses, delivery occurs...
Retained Placenta: Red adzuki bean, seven for male infant, fourteen for female infant, swallowed with flowing water from east. (*Jiuji Fang*)
Postpartum Closed Eyes/Heart Oppression: Raw ground red adzuki bean, taken with flowing water from east, one fangcun bi. Repeat if not cured. (*Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
Postpartum Fullness/Inability to Eat: Three to seven small beans, burned and ground, taken at once with cold water; good. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Blocked Lactation: Red adzuki bean boiled juice drunk. (*Chanshu*)
Breast Abscess (Blowing Milk): Red adzuki bean, ground with wine, taken warm, residue applied topically. (Xiong Shi)
Breast Swelling: Equal parts small bean and Caoshu. Ground to powder. Mixed with vinegar, applied; good. (*Meishi*)
Initial Carbuncle/Ulcer: Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with water, applied; toxin dissipates, frequent use effective. (*Duanju Fang*)
Stone Carbuncle/Various Carbuncles: Five he of red adzuki bean, soaked in vinegar for five nights, fried and ground. Mixed with vinegar, applied; dissipates. Add equal parts Trichosanthes root. (*Fanwang Fang*)
Post-Smallpox Carbuncle Toxin: Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with egg white, applied.
Hot Swelling of Cheeks/Jaw: Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with honey, applied; dissolves overnight. Adding hibiscus leaf powder is even better.
Erysipelas like fire: Red adzuki bean powder, mixed with egg white, apply frequently; dissipates hand by hand. (*Duanju Fang*)
Wind Itching Urticaria: Equal parts red adzuki bean and Schizonepeta spike. Ground to powder, mixed with egg white, applied.
Metal Wound Irritation/Fullness: One sheng red adzuki bean, soaked in vinegar one day, dried/fried, re-soaked, full three days until black. Ground to powder. Take one fangcun bi, three times daily. (*Qianjin*)
Livestock Meat Poisoning: One sheng small bean, burned and ground. Taken with water, three fangcun bi; miraculous. (*Qianjin Fang*)
Leaves
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Removes irritability/heat, stops frequent urination (*Bielu*). Boiled and eaten, brightens eyes (*Rihua*).
[Fa Ming - Elucidation] Li Shizhen said: Small beans promote urination, while Huo stops urination. This parallels Ephedra promoting sweating while its root stops sweating. Such is the difference in physical properties.
[Fu Fang - Attached Prescriptions] One old prescription, one new prescription.
Frequent Urination: One jin of small bean leaves, boiled in fermented soybean juice, mixed into soup; eat. (*Xinjing*)
Pediatric Enuresis: Small bean leaves crushed for juice, drunk. (*Qianjin*)
Sprouts
[Zhu Zhi - Main Indications] Pregnancy several months, menstrual bleeding occurring occasionally, named Lou Tai (Leaking Fetus); or due to sexual intercourse, named Shang Tai (Injured Fetus). Use this as powder, taken with warm wine, one fangcun bi, three times daily, stop when effective (Li Shizhen. From *Pujibencao*).