内伤劳役伤脾气，饮食伤胃伤其形，伤形失节温凉过，气湿热暑火寒中。
【注】劳役伤气，伤元气也。饮食伤形，伤胃腑也。伤气宜补，有热中、湿热。暑热、
火郁、寒中之不同。伤形宜消，有饮食失节、过于温凉之不一也。
内伤脉大见气口，外感脉大见人迎，头疼时痛与常痛，恶寒温解烈火仍，热在肌肉
从内泛，热在皮肤扪内轻，自汗气乏声怯弱，虽汗气壮语高声，手心热兮手背热，鼻息气
短鼻促鸣，不食恶食内外辨，初渴后渴少多明。
【注】内伤外感脉皆大，内伤之脉、气口大于人迎，不似外感之脉、人迎大于气口也。
内伤外感皆头痛，内伤之头痛有时而痛，有时不痛，不似外感之头痛，常常而痛不休也。
内伤外感皆恶寒，内伤之恶寒得就温衣而即解，不似外感之恶寒，虽近烈火而仍恶也。内
伤外感皆发热，内伤之发热，热在肌肉，以手扪之，热从内泛，不似外感之发热，热在
皮肤，以手扪之，热自内轻也，内伤外感皆自汗，内伤之自汗，气短乏声怯弱，不似外
感之自汗，气壮促语声高也，内伤外感手皆热，内伤之热手心热，不似外感之热，手背
热也，内伤外感皆鼻不和，内伤之鼻息气短而喘，不似外感之鼻息气促而鸣也。内伤外
感皆不食，内伤之不食口中无味，不似外感之不食，闻食则恶也，内伤外感皆渴，内伤
之渴初病即渴，其饮甚少，不似外感之渴，三日后始渴，其饮甚多也。
补中益气汤
补中益气升阳清，热伤气陷大虚洪，头痛表热自汗出，心烦口渴畏寒风，困倦懒言
无气动，动则气高喘促声，保元甘温除大热，血归气术补脾经，佐橘降浊散滞气，升柴从
胃引阳升，阴火肾躁加地柏，阳热心烦安神宁。
【注】补中益气汤治内伤，清阳下陷，因劳役过度，热伤元气，故脉虚大而洪也，内
伤头痛，时作时止也。内伤表热，尝自汗出也。心烦，气虚恶烦劳也。口渴，气陷不蒸
化也，畏寒畏风。表气虚失卫也，困倦懒言，中气乏不周也。动则气喘上气，不足息也。保
元，谓人参、黄 、甘草，名保元汤也。臣当归和脾血，白术益脾气，佐橘皮降浊、散
胸中滞气，升、柴、升清，从胃中引阳也，阴火时显躁热，加黄柏、生地，补水救阴。阳
热昼夜心烦，合朱砂安神丸，泻火安神。
调中益气汤
调中弦洪缓沉涩。湿热体倦骨酸疼，气少心烦忽肥瘦，口沫食出耳鸣聋，胸膈不快
食无味，二便失调飧血脓，保元升柴苍橘柏，去柏加木亦同名。
【注】调中益气汤亦治内伤。清气下陷，浊气上乘，清浊相干而兼湿热者，故二便不
调，飧泻脓血也。此汤与补中益气汤，虽互相发明，然其证脉则不可不分别也。内伤之
病，脾胃元气一虚，四脏失其调和，所以五脏之脉，交相混见，故肝弦、心洪、脾缓之
脉反见于上。按之沉涩，肺脉而反见于下也。身肢重倦，气不周也。骨节酸疼，血不荣也。
气少，中气乏也。心烦，心血少也。忽肥忽
瘦者，火乘土位，上并阳分。则血脉上行而上盛，故面赤红而肥；下并阴分，则血脉下
行而上虚，故面青白而瘦，即今之虚损病患，早则面青白瘦而恶寒，午后则面红赤肥而发
热者是也，口沫，谓口中沃沫，脾不散精也。食出，谓食入反出，胃虚不纳也，耳鸣聋，谓
耳鸣、耳聋，阴火上冲也。胸膈不快，浊气滞也，饮食无味，胃气伤也。二便不调，谓
大便时泻不泻，小便时利不利，脾湿不分也。飧，谓完谷不化之飧泻，脾虚湿不化也。血
脓，谓大便后或见脓见血，脾湿热酿成也。保元，谓保元汤，即人参、黄 、炙草，升麻、
柴胡、苍术，橘皮、黄柏也。去黄柏加木香，亦名调中益气汤，以热少气不和者宜之也。
升阳益胃汤
内伤升阳益胃汤，湿多热少抑清阳，倦怠懒食身重痛，口苦舌干便不常，洒洒恶寒
属肺病，惨惨不乐乃阳伤，六君白芍连泽泻，羌独黄 柴与防。
【注】内伤气虚，湿多热少，遏抑春生清气，不得上升，脾胃之证，宜服此汤。其证
倦怠懒食，身重而痛，口苦舌干。便不常，谓大便不调，小便频数不如常也，洒洒恶寒，卫
气不足，属肺皮毛之病也，惨惨不乐，面色不和，乃阳气伤而不伸也。六君，谓人参、白
术、茯苓、炙草、橘皮、半夏也。加白芍、黄连、泽泻、黄 、羌活，独活、柴胡、防风，
即是升阳益胃也。
补脾胃泻阴火升阳汤
补中升阳泻阴火，火多湿少困脾阳，虽同升阳益胃证，然无泻数肺阳伤。补脾胃气
参草，升阳柴胡升与羌，石膏芩连泻阴火，长夏湿令故加苍。
【注】内伤气虚，热多湿少，阴火困脾，阳气不得上升，脾胃之证，宜服此方。此方
所治，虽同升阳益胃之证，然无大便不调，小便频数，洒洒恶寒肺病，惨惨不乐阳伤之证
也。
内伤补中、调中。益胃等汤加减法∶
冬加姜桂草蔻益，秋芍白蔻缩槟榔，夏月气冲芩连柏，春加风药鼓清阳，长夏沉困
精神少，人参麦味泽苓苍。肺热咳嗽减参去。春加金沸款冬芳，夏加麦冬五味子，秋冬连
根节麻黄，头痛蔓荆甚芎入，巅脑 本苦细尝，沉重懒倦或呕逆，痰厥头疼半夏姜。口
干嗌干或表热，加葛生津清胃阳，大便燥涩元明粉，血燥归桃熟大黄。痞胀香砂连枳朴，
寒减黄连加炒姜。胃痛草蔻寒益智，气滞青皮白蔻香，腹痛芍草芩桂审，脐下痛桂熟地
黄。内外烦疼归和血，胁下痛急草柴良，身重脚软己苍柏，身疼发热 防羌。
【注】冬加干姜、官桂。草豆蔻、益智，助阳气也，秋加白芍，白豆蔻、缩砂仁、槟
榔，助燥收也。夏月加黄连、黄芩、黄柏，降阴火也。或腹中气上冲逆，属阴火冲上，虽
非夏月亦加之。春加风药，谓羌活、独活、防风， 本之类，佐参 之品；能鼓清阳之气
上升也。长夏身肢沉困，精神短少，加人参、麦冬、五味子，恐暑伤气也。加泽泻、茯苓、
苍术，去脾湿也。肺中有热咳嗽，减人参、远肺热也，春加金沸草、款冬花，散肺风也。夏
加麦冬、五味子，保肺气也。冬加连根节麻黄，散肺寒也。头痛加蔓荆子，引太阳也。痛
甚加川芎，上行捷也。巅痛脑痛加 本，入督脉也。苦头痛加细辛，走少阴也。痰厥头
痛，沉重懒倦，或呕逆痰涎，加半夏、生姜，治痰逆也。口干嗌干，或表发热，加葛根，生
津解肌也。大便燥涩加元明粉，血虚燥加当归，血实燥加桃仁，热实燥加大黄，心下痞
胀气不快加木香，食不消加砂仁，心下结热加黄连，心下结气加枳实，胃气壅塞加浓朴。
如胃中寒，或冬月，减去黄连，加炒干姜，胃痛加草豆蔻，胃寒或唾沫加益智，气满不快
加白豆蔻、青皮，腹痛加白芍、甘草。审其有热加黄芩，有寒加官桂。脐下痛加肉桂、熟
地黄。腹内身外刺痛，此属血涩不足，加当归以活血也，胁下痛或急缩，加甘草，柴胡，
以和肝也。身重脚软，加防己、苍术、黄柏，去湿热在内也。身痛发热，加 本、防风、羌活，疏风在表也。
清暑益气汤 清燥汤
长夏湿暑交相病，暑多清暑益气功，汗热烦渴倦少气，恶食尿涩便溏行，补中去柴
加柏泽，麦味苍曲甘葛青，湿多痿厥清燥地，猪茯柴连减葛青。
【注】长夏之令，暑湿炎蒸，交相为病。暑多湿少为病，其证则自汗身热，心烦口渴，
倦困少气恶食，小便涩少，大便稀溏，宜清暑益气汤，即补中益气汤去柴胡，加黄柏、泽
泻、麦冬、五味子、苍术、神曲、甘葛，青皮也。若湿多暑少为病，则成痿厥之证。腰
以下痿软，难于转动，行走不正，两足欹侧，宜清燥汤。即本方更加生地、猪苓、茯苓、柴
胡、黄连，减去甘葛、青皮也。
升阳散火汤 火郁汤
血虚胃弱过食凉，阳郁于脾散火汤，肌肤筋骨肢困热，扪之烙手热非常，羌独芍防
升柴葛，人参二草枣生姜，火郁加葱减参独，恶寒沉数发之方。
【注】二草，炙甘草、生甘草。恶寒，谓身虽有如是烙手之热而反恶寒。脉来沉数，则
可知火郁肌里，宜以此方发之。
白术附子汤 加味理中汤
内伤水来侮土病，寒湿白术附子汤，涎涕腹胀时多尿，足软无力痛为殃，腰背胛眼
脊背痛，丸冷阴阴痛不常，苍附五苓陈半朴，虚宜理中附苓苍。
【注】东垣内伤热中之病，用补中益气汤；寒中之病，用白术附子汤。寒中为水来侮土，
寒湿之病，其证内则腹胀多尿涎涕，外则足软胛脊腰背睾丸痛。脾胃寒湿而气不虚者，宜
用是方，即五苓散加苍术、附子、陈皮、半夏、浓朴也。若脾胃寒湿而气虚者，则宜用
理中汤加附子、茯苓、苍术是也。
人参资生丸
资生脾胃俱虚病，不寒不热平补方，食少难消倒饱胀，面黄肌瘦倦难当。
【注】缪仲醇制资生丸方，为脾胃俱虚，不寒不热平补之药，其所治之证，乃饮食减
少，过时不化，倒饱胀闷，面色痿黄，肌肉渐瘦，困倦无力也。方见诸书，故不录药味。
清胃理脾汤
清胃理脾治湿热，伤食平胃酌三黄，大便粘秽小便赤，饮食爱冷口舌疮。
【注】清胃理脾汤，即平胃散加黄连、黄芩、大黄也。酌三黄者，谓有热滞而不实者，
不可入大黄也。伤食，谓伤食病证，如痞胀、哕呕、不食、吞酸。恶心、噫气之类。更兼
大便粘臭，小便赤涩，饮食爱冷，口舌生疮，皆伤醇酒浓味，湿热为病之证也。
理中汤
理中治虚寒湿伤，食少喜热面青黄，腹痛肠鸣吐冷沫，大便腥秽似鸭溏。
【注】白术附子汤，治脾胃寒湿形气实者也。理中汤，治脾胃寒湿形气虚者也，虚者，
其证食少，喜食热物，面色青黄，腹痛肠鸣，吐冷涎沫，大便腥秽不臭，似鸭粪澄澈清溏
也，故宜此汤。
消食健脾丸
胃强脾弱脾胃病，能食不化用消食，平胃炒盐胡椒共，麦柏楂曲白蒺藜。
【注】脾胃病中，有胃强脾弱一证，胃强所以能食，脾弱不能消化，宜服消食健脾汤
丸，助其消化。用苍术、陈皮、浓朴、甘草、炒盐、胡椒、山楂、神曲、麦芽、白蒺藜，末，
蜜丸服之，更节其饮食，自然脾胃和而能健运矣。
开胃进食汤
开胃进食治不食，少食难化胃脾虚，丁木藿香莲子朴，六君砂麦与神曲。
【注】此方治不思饮食，少食不能消化，脾胃两虚之证。方即六君子汤，加丁香、木
香、藿香、莲子、浓朴、缩砂、麦芽、神曲也。
平胃散
一切伤食脾胃病，痞胀哕呕不能食，吞
酸恶心并噫气，平胃苍朴草陈皮，快膈枳术痰苓半，伤谷二芽缩神曲，肉滞山楂面莱菔。
滞热芩连柏大宜。
【注】伤食等证，宜用平胃散，即苍术、浓朴、甘草、陈皮也。快膈加枳实、白术，有
痰加半夏、茯苓。伤谷滞者，加麦芽、谷芽、缩砂、神曲，伤肉滞者，加山楂。伤面滞者，
加莱菔。有热者，加黄芩。黄连、黄柏、大黄，酌而用之。
葛花解酲汤
葛花解酲发酒汗，懒食热倦呕头疼，参葛四苓白蔻缩，神曲干姜陈木青。
【注】伤酒宜用葛花解酲汤汗之，汗出立愈。其证头痛懒食，呕吐身热，倦怠而烦，似
乎外感而实非外感，皆因酒所致也。方即人参、葛花、白术、茯苓、猪苓、泽泻、白蔻、
缩砂、神曲、干姜、陈皮，木香、青皮。
秘方化滞丸
秘方化滞寒热滞，一切气积痛攻方，巴豆醋制棱莪术，青陈连半木丁香。
【注】秘方化滞丸，治不论寒热一切气滞积痛，攻下之妙药也。即巴豆、三棱、
莪术、青皮、陈皮、黄连、半夏、木香、丁香也，此方出《丹溪心法附余》书中，屡试屡验，按
证随引，量其老少虚实增损进退。以意用之，久久自得其效。
Internal injury caused by overwork damages the Spleen Qi, while improper diet damages the Stomach and the physical form. Damage to the form results from irregular lifestyle and excessive exposure to heat or cold; damage to Qi involves damp-heat, summerheat, fire stagnation, or cold invasion.
[Note] Overwork damages Qi, specifically Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi). Improper diet damages the Form, specifically the Stomach organ. For Qi damage, tonification is indicated, differentiated into hot-center, damp-heat, summerheat, fire stagnation, and cold-center patterns. For Form damage, resolution/digestion is indicated, differentiated into dietary irregularities and excessive consumption of warm or cold substances.
In internal injury, the pulse is prominent at the Qi Kou (Cunkou/Inknot), whereas in external contraction, the pulse is prominent at the Ren Ying (Human Welcome point on the neck). Headache in internal injury is intermittent, while in external contraction it is constant. Chills in internal injury resolve with warmth, whereas chills in external contraction persist even near intense heat. Fever in internal injury originates deep in the muscles, feeling as if heat radiates from within; fever in external contraction is superficial on the skin, feeling lighter upon palpation. Spontaneous sweating in internal injury is accompanied by shortness of breath, weakness, and a faint voice; spontaneous sweating in external contraction is accompanied by robust breathing and a loud voice. In internal injury, the palms are hot; in external contraction, the backs of the hands are hot. Nasal respiration in internal injury is short and weak; in external contraction, it is rapid and wheezy. Loss of appetite in internal injury is due to lack of taste in the mouth; in external contraction, it is due to aversion to the smell of food. Thirst in internal injury appears early with small intake; thirst in external contraction appears later (often after three days) with large intake.
[Note] Both internal injury and external contraction can present with a large pulse. However, in internal injury, the Qi Kou pulse is larger than the Ren Ying pulse, unlike external contraction where the Ren Ying pulse is larger than the Qi Kou. Both conditions involve headache, but internal injury headache is intermittent, unlike the constant, unceasing headache of external contraction. Both involve chills, but internal injury chills resolve with warmth, unlike external contraction chills which persist despite proximity to fire. Both involve fever, but internal injury fever is deep in the muscles, felt as heat radiating inward-outward upon touch, unlike external contraction fever which is superficial on the skin and feels lighter. Both involve spontaneous sweating, but internal injury sweating is associated with shortness of breath and a weak voice, unlike external contraction sweating which is associated with robust breathing and a loud voice. Both involve hand heat, but internal injury presents with hot palms, unlike external contraction which presents with hot backs of hands. Both involve nasal discomfort, but internal injury presents with short, weak breathing, unlike external contraction which presents with rapid, wheezing breathing. Both involve anorexia, but internal injury anorexia is due to loss of taste, unlike external contraction anorexia which is due to aversion to food odors. Both involve thirst, but internal injury thirst occurs early with little drinking, unlike external contraction thirst which occurs later with heavy drinking.
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction)
Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang raises Yang and clears deficiency heat, treating severe deficiency with a large, surging pulse caused by heat damaging Qi and causing sinking. Symptoms include headache, exterior heat, spontaneous sweating, irritability, thirst, aversion to wind, fatigue, reluctance to speak, and lack of strength, with panting and rapid speech upon exertion. This formula uses the "Bao Yuan" (Protect the Primordial Qi) principle of Ginseng, Astragalus, and Licorice, employing sweet-warm methods to remove great heat, returning blood to Qi, with Atractylodes and Angelica tonifying the Spleen channel. Citrus Peel descends turbidity and disperses stagnation; Cimicifuga and Bupleurum guide Yang upward from the Stomach. If Yin Fire causes Kidney restlessness, add Rehmannia and Phellodendron; if Yang heat causes irritability, combine with Cinnabar Calming the Spirit Pill to purge fire and calm the spirit.
[Note] Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang treats internal injury characterized by sinking of Clear Yang due to excessive labor, where heat damages Yuan Qi, resulting in a deficient, large, and surging pulse. Internal injury headache comes and goes. Internal injury exterior heat often accompanies spontaneous sweating. Irritability is due to Qi deficiency and aversion to mental labor. Thirst is due to Qi sinking failing to vaporize fluids. Aversion to cold and wind is due to exterior Qi deficiency failing to defend the surface. Fatigue and reluctance to speak are due to middle Qi deficiency failing to circulate. Exertional panting is due to insufficient Lung Qi. "Bao Yuan" refers to Ginseng, Astragalus, and Licorice, named Bao Yuan Tang. As minister herbs, Angelica harmonizes Spleen Blood, and Atractylodes benefits Spleen Qi; as assistant herbs, Citrus Peel descends turbidity and disperses chest stagnation, while Cimicifuga and Bupleurum raise clear Qi, guiding Yang from the Stomach. If Yin Fire manifests as occasional heat and restlessness, add Phellodendron and Rehmannia to nourish water and save Yin. If Yang heat causes day-and-night irritability, combine with Cinnabar Calming the Spirit Pill to purge fire and calm the spirit.
Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Regulate the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction)
Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang is indicated for wiry, large, slow, deep, or choppy pulses, accompanied by damp-heat, body fatigue, bone soreness, shortness of breath, irritability, fluctuating weight, salivation, tinnitus/deafness, chest oppression, loss of taste, bowel/bladder dysfunction, and diarrhea with pus/blood. The formula contains Bao Yuan ingredients (Ginseng, Astragalus, Licorice), Cimicifuga, Bupleurum, Atractylodes, Citrus Peel, and Phellodendron. Removing Phellodendron and adding Costus Root also yields Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang.
[Note] Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang also treats internal injury. It addresses sinking of Clear Qi and rising of Turbid Qi, where clear and turbid interfere with each other combined with damp-heat, leading to bowel/bladder dysfunction and dysentery with pus/blood. Although this formula elucidates similar principles to Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, the syndromes and pulses must be distinguished. In internal injury, when Spleen-Stomach Yuan Qi is deficient, the four Zang organs lose harmony, causing mixed Zang pulses: Liver wiry, Heart large, and Spleen slow pulses appear above, feeling deep and choppy upon pressure, while Lung pulses appear below. Heavy limbs and fatigue indicate Qi failure to circulate. Bone/joint soreness indicates Blood failing to nourish. Shortness of breath indicates middle Qi deficiency. Irritability indicates Heart Blood deficiency. Fluctuating weight is due to Fire invading the Earth position: ascending to Yang levels causes upper excess (red face, obesity); descending to Yin levels causes upper deficiency (pale face, emaciation), typical of consumptive diseases (morning pallor/cold, afternoon redness/fever). Salivation indicates Spleen failing to distribute essence. Regurgitation indicates Stomach deficiency failing to receive. Tinnitus/deafness indicates Yin Fire rushing upward. Chest oppression indicates Turbid Qi stagnation. Loss of taste indicates Stomach Qi injury. Bowel/bladder dysfunction indicates Spleen dampness failing to separate. Loose stools with undigested food indicate Spleen deficiency and dampness failure. Pus/blood in stool indicates Spleen damp-heat fermentation. "Bao Yuan" refers to Ginseng, Astragalus, and Roasted Licorice. Cimicifuga, Bupleurum, Atractylodes, Citrus Peel, and Phellodendron are included. Removing Phellodendron and adding Costus Root is also named Tiao Zhong Yi Qi Tang, suitable for cases with less heat and Qi disharmony.
Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang (Raise Yang and Benefit the Stomach Decoction)
Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang is used for internal injury with abundant dampness and scant heat suppressing Clear Yang. Symptoms include fatigue, reluctance to eat, heavy painful body, bitter taste, dry tongue, and irregular bowels. Chills belong to Lung disease; depression belongs to Yang injury. The formula uses Liu Jun Zi Tang (Ginseng, Atractylodes, Poria, Licorice, Citrus Peel, Pinellia) plus White Peony, Coptis, Alisma, Astragalus, Notopterygium, Saussurea, Bupleurum, and Saposhnikovia.
[Note] Internal injury Qi deficiency with abundant dampness and scant heat suppresses the spring-like Clear Qi, preventing its ascent, constituting a Spleen-Stomach syndrome suitable for this decoction. Symptoms include fatigue, reluctance to eat, heavy painful body, bitter taste, dry tongue. Irregular bowels refer to bowel dysfunction and frequent urination. Shivering chills indicate insufficient Wei Qi, belonging to Lung/skin/hair pathology. Depression and unfavorable complexion indicate injured Yang unable to extend. "Liu Jun" refers to Ginseng, Atractylodes, Poria, Roasted Licorice, Citrus Peel, and Pinellia. Adding White Peony, Coptis, Alisma, Astragalus, Notopterygium, Saussurea, Bupleurum, and Saposhnikovia constitutes Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang.
Bu Pi Wei Xie Yin Huo Sheng Yang Tang (Tonify Spleen-Stomach, Purge Yin Fire, and Raise Yang Decoction)
This formula tonifies, raises Yang, and purges Yin Fire, treating cases with abundant fire and scant dampness trapping Spleen Yang. Although similar to Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang, it lacks bowel/bladder dysfunction, shivering chills (Lung disease), and depression (Yang injury). Ingredients include Ginseng and Licorice to tonify Spleen-Stomach Qi; Bupleurum, Cimicifuga, and Notopterygium to raise Yang; Gypsum, Scutellaria, and Coptis to purge Yin Fire; and Atractylodes added for late summer dampness.
[Note] Internal injury Qi deficiency with abundant heat and scant dampness traps Spleen Yang with Yin Fire, preventing Yang ascent, constituting a Spleen-Stomach syndrome suitable for this formula. Although similar to Sheng Yang Yi Wei Tang, it lacks bowel/bladder dysfunction, shivering chills, and depression.
Modifications for Bu Zhong, Tiao Zhong, and Yi Wei Decoctions:
Winter: Add Ginger, Cinnamon, Cardamom, and Alpinia to benefit Yang.
Autumn: Add White Peony, White Cardamom, Amomum, and Areca Nut to aid dryness and astringency.
Summer: Add Scutellaria, Coptis, and Phellodendron for Qi rushing upward (Yin Fire); or add these even outside summer if Qi rushes up.
Spring: Add Wind-dispelling herbs (Notopterygium, Saussurea, Saposhnikovia, Ligusticum) to assist Ginseng/Astragalus in raising Clear Yang.
Late Summer: For heaviness and low spirit, add Ginseng, Ophiopogon, Schisandra (for summerheat damaging Qi); add Alisma, Poria, Atractylodes (to remove Spleen dampness).
Lung Heat/Cough: Reduce Ginseng, avoid Lung heat; Spring: add Boilweed and Winterflower to disperse Lung wind; Summer: add Ophiopogon and Schisandra to protect Lung Qi; Winter: add Ephedra with roots/rhizomes to disperse Lung cold.
Headache: Add Vitex to guide to Taiyang; severe pain add Ligusticum for rapid ascent; vertex/head pain add Ligusticum to enter Du Mai; severe pain add Asarum to traverse Shaoyin.
Phlegm-Vomit Headache/Heaviness/Nausea: Add Pinellia and Ginger to treat phlegm reversal.
Dry Mouth/Throat/Exterior Heat: Add Kudzu to generate fluids and release muscle layer.
Dry Stool: Add Mirabilite for dryness; Angelica/Peach Kernel/Rhubarb for Blood dryness (deficiency/excess/heat).
Fullness/Stagnation: Add Cyperus and Amomum for Qi; Coptis for Heat knot; Zhi Shi for Qi knot; Magnolia Bark for Stomach congestion. Cold Stomach/Winter: reduce Coptis, add Fried Ginger.
Stomach Pain: Add Cardamom; Cold/Saliva: add Alpinia; Qi fullness: add White Cardamom and Green Tangerine Peel.
Abdominal Pain: Assess heat (Scutellaria) or cold (Cinnamon); add White Peony and Licorice.
Hypogastric Pain: Add Cinnamon and Prepared Rehmannia.
Internal/External Pain: Add Angelica to harmonize Blood.
Hypochondriac Pain/Tightness: Add Licorice and Bupleurum to harmonize Liver.
Heavy Body/Weak Legs: Add Stephania, Atractylodes, and Phellodendron to remove internal damp-heat.
Body Pain/Fever: Add Ligusticum, Saposhnikovia, and Notopterygium to dispel Wind at the exterior.
[Note] Winter additions (Dried Ginger, Official Cinnamon, Greater Galangal, Alpinia) assist Yang Qi. Autumn additions (White Peony, White Cardamom, Amomum, Areca Nut) assist dryness and contraction. Summer additions (Coptis, Scutellaria, Phellodendron) descend Yin Fire; add even in non-summer months if Qi rushes up. Spring additions (Wind herbs like Notopterygium, Saussurea, Saposhnikovia, Ligusticum) assist Ginseng/Astragalus to raise Clear Yang. Late summer heaviness/low spirit requires Ginseng, Ophiopogon, Schisandra (fearing summerheat damage) and Alisma, Poria, Atractylodes (removing Spleen dampness). Lung heat cough requires reducing Ginseng; Spring adds Boilweed/Winterflower (dispersing Lung wind); Summer adds Ophiopogon/Schisandra (protecting Lung Qi); Winter adds Ephedra (dispersing Lung cold). Headache adds Vitex (guiding to Taiyang); severe pain adds Ligusticum (rapid ascent); vertex pain adds Ligusticum (entering Du Mai); severe pain adds Asarum (traversing Shaoyin). Phlegm-vomit headache/heaviness/nausea adds Pinellia/Ginger (treating phlegm reversal). Dry mouth/throat/exterior heat adds Kudzu (generating fluids/releasing muscle). Dry stool adds Mirabilite; Blood deficiency dryness adds Angelica; Blood excess dryness adds Peach Kernel; Heat excess dryness adds Rhubarb. Epigastric fullness/Qi stagnation adds Cyperus; indigestion adds Amomum; Epigastric heat knot adds Coptis; Epigastric Qi knot adds Zhi Shi; Stomach congestion adds Magnolia Bark. Cold Stomach/Winter: reduce Coptis, add Fried Ginger. Stomach pain adds Cardamom; Cold/Saliva adds Alpinia; Qi fullness adds White Cardamom/Green Tangerine Peel. Abdominal pain adds White Peony/Licorice; assess heat (Scutellaria) or cold (Cinnamon). Hypogastric pain adds Cinnamon/Prepared Rehmannia. Stabbing pain indicates Blood stasis/deficiency, add Angelica to invigorate Blood. Hypochondriac pain/tightness adds Licorice/Bupleurum to harmonize Liver. Heavy body/weak legs adds Stephania/Atractylodes/Phellodendron to remove damp-heat. Body pain/fever adds Ligusticum/Saposhnikovia/Notopterygium to dispel exterior Wind.
Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Augment Qi Decoction) & Qing Zao Tang (Clear Dryness Decoction)
Late summer damp-summerheat interplay causes disease. Summerheat-dominant cases use Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang for sweating, fever, irritability, thirst, fatigue, shortness of breath, anorexia, dysuria, and loose stools. Formula: Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang minus Bupleurum, plus Phellodendron, Alisma, Ophiopogon, Schisandra, Atractylodes, Medicated Leaven, Kudzu, and Green Tangerine Peel. Dampness-dominant cases cause Wei-Jue (flaccidity-cold) syndrome: lower body flaccidity, difficulty moving, abnormal gait, tilted feet. Use Qing Zao Tang: Base formula plus Rehmannia, Polyporus, Poria, Bupleurum, Coptis; minus Kudzu and Green Tangerine Peel.
[Note] Late summer season features steaming summerheat and dampness. Summerheat-dominant disease presents with sweating, fever, irritability, thirst, fatigue, shortness of breath, anorexia, scanty/difficult urination, and loose stools, suitable for Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang minus Bupleurum, plus Phellodendron, Alisma, Ophiopogon, Schisandra, Atractylodes, Medicated Leaven, Kudzu, Green Tangerine Peel). Dampness-dominant disease leads to Wei-Jue syndrome (lower body flaccidity, mobility issues, abnormal gait, tilted feet), suitable for Qing Zao Tang (Base formula plus Rehmannia, Polyporus, Poria, Bupleurum, Coptis; minus Kudzu, Green Tangerine Peel).
Sheng Yang San Huo Tang (Raise Yang and Disperse Fire Decoction) / Huo Yu Tang (Fire Stagnation Decoction)
Blood deficiency and weak Stomach from excessive cold food lead to Yang stagnation in the Spleen, treated with Sheng Yang San Huo Tang. Symptoms: heat sensation in skin/muscles/bones/limbs, burning to touch. Formula: Notopterygium, Saussurea, White Peony, Saposhnikovia, Cimicifuga, Bupleurum, Kudzu, Ginseng, Licorice (roasted/raw), Jujube, Ginger. For Fire Stagnation: add Scallion, reduce Ginseng/Saussurea. Indicated for chills with deep-rapid pulse (fire trapped in muscle interior).
[Note] "Two Licorices" refer to Roasted and Raw Licorice. Chills here mean feeling cold despite burning heat. Deep-rapid pulse indicates fire trapped in muscle interior, suitable for this formula to disperse it.
Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction) & Jia Wei Li Zhong Tang (Modified Center-Regulating Decoction)
Internal injury where Water insults Earth (Cold-Damp) uses Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang. Symptoms: excessive saliva/phlegm, abdominal distension, frequent urination, weak legs, pain, back/shoulder/spine/testicular pain, cold scrotum, intermittent阴-yin pain. Formula: Atractylodes, Aconite, Wu Ling San, Citrus Peel, Pinellia, Magnolia Bark. For deficiency: Li Zhong Tang plus Aconite, Poria, Atractylodes.
[Note] Dongyuan states internal injury Hot-Center uses Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang; Cold-Center uses Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang. Cold-Center is Water insulting Earth (Cold-Damp): internal symptoms include abdominal distension, frequent urination, saliva/phlegm; external symptoms include weak legs, back/shoulder/spine/testicular pain. For Spleen-Stomach Cold-Damp without Qi deficiency, use this formula (Wu Ling San plus Atractylodes, Aconite, Citrus Peel, Pinellia, Magnolia Bark). For Spleen-Stomach Cold-Damp with Qi deficiency, use Li Zhong Tang plus Aconite, Poria, Atractylodes.
Ren Shen Zi Sheng Wan (Ginseng Nourishing Life Pill)
Zi Sheng Wan treats dual Spleen-Stomach deficiency, a neutral tonifying formula. Symptoms: poor appetite, difficult digestion, postprandial fullness, sallow complexion, emaciation, severe fatigue.
[Note] Miao Zhongchun formulated Zi Sheng Wan as a neutral tonifier for dual Spleen-Stomach deficiency. Indications: reduced appetite, delayed digestion, postprandial fullness, sallow complexion, progressive emaciation, fatigue. Formula details omitted as they appear in other texts.
Qing Wei Li Pi Tang (Clear Stomach and Regulate Spleen Decoction)
Treats damp-heat and food stagnation using Ping Wei San adjusted with Three Yellows (Scutellaria, Coptis, Rhubarb). Symptoms: sticky/foul stool, red urine, craving cold drinks, oral ulcers.
[Note] Qing Wei Li Pi Tang is Ping Wei San plus Coptis, Scutellaria, and Rhubarb. "Adjusting Three Yellows" means omitting Rhubarb if there is heat stagnation without solid accumulation. Food stagnation includes fullness, hiccups, anorexia, acid regurgitation, nausea, belching. Combined with sticky/foul stool, red urine, craving cold, and oral ulcers, these indicate damp-heat from rich foods/alcohol.
Li Zhong Tang (Center-Regulating Decoction)
Treats deficiency-cold-damp injury. Symptoms: poor appetite, preference for hot foods, sallow-green face, abdominal pain, borborygmus, vomiting cold saliva, fishy-smelling duck-like loose stools.
[Note] Bai Zhu Fu Zi Tang treats Spleen-Stomach Cold-Damp with robust constitution. Li Zhong Tang treats Spleen-Stomach Cold-Damp with deficient constitution. Deficient symptoms: poor appetite, preference for hot foods, sallow-green face, abdominal pain, borborygmus, vomiting cold saliva, fishy-smelling non-foul stool resembling duck feces, hence suitable for this decoction.
Xiao Shi Jian Pi Wan (Digest Food and Strengthen Spleen Pill)
For Stomach Strong/Spleen Weak syndrome (able to eat but cannot digest). Uses Xiao Shi Jian Pi Wan. Ingredients: Ping Wei San (Atractylodes, Magnolia Bark, Licorice, Citrus Peel), fried salt, pepper, Hawthorn, Medicated Leaven, Malt, Tribulus.
[Note] Stomach Strong/Spleen Weak syndrome: Stomach strong allows eating, Spleen weak fails to digest. Treat with Xiao Shi Jian Pi Wan to aid digestion. Ingredients: Atractylodes, Citrus Peel, Magnolia Bark, Licorice, fried salt, pepper, Hawthorn, Medicated Leaven, Malt, Tribulus, powdered and honey-pilled. Combine with dietary regulation for natural Spleen-Stomach harmony.
Kai Wei Jin Shi Tang (Open Stomach and Promote Appetite Decoction)
Treats anorexia and poor digestion due to Spleen-Stomach deficiency. Ingredients: Dingxiang, Muxiang, Huoxiang, Lotus Seed, Magnolia Bark, plus Liu Jun Zi Tang plus Amomum, Malt, Medicated Leaven.
[Note] Treats anorexia and poor digestion due to dual Spleen-Stomach deficiency. Formula: Liu Jun Zi Tang plus Clove, Costus Root, Patchouli, Lotus Seed, Magnolia Bark, Amomum, Malt, Medicated Leaven.
Ping Wei San (Peaceful Stomach Powder)
Treats all food-stagnation Spleen-Stomach diseases: fullness, hiccups, vomiting, anorexia, acid regurgitation, nausea, belching. Base: Atractylodes, Magnolia Bark, Licorice, Citrus Peel. For diaphragm relief: add Zhi Shi, Atractylodes. For phlegm: add Pinellia, Poria. For grain stagnation: add Malt, Rice Sprout, Amomum, Medicated Leaven. For meat stagnation: add Hawthorn. For noodle stagnation: add Radish. For heat stagnation: add Scutellaria, Coptis, Phellodendron, Rhubarb.
[Note] Suitable for food stagnation etc., base is Atractylodes, Magnolia Bark, Licorice, Citrus Peel. Diaphragm relief adds Zhi Shi/Atractylodes; phlegm adds Pinellia/Poria. Grain stagnation adds Malt/Rice Sprout/Amomum/Medicated Leaven; meat stagnation adds Hawthorn; noodle stagnation adds Radish. Heat adds Scutellaria/Coptis/Phellodendron/Rhubarb, used judiciously.
Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang (Kudzu Flower Relieve Intoxication Decoction)
Relieves alcohol intoxication via sweating. Treats anorexia, heat-fatigue, vomiting, headache. Ingredients: Ginseng, Kudzu Flower, Si Ling (Poria, Polyporus, Alisma, Atractylodes), White Cardamom, Amomum, Medicated Leaven, Dried Ginger, Citrus Peel, Costus Root, Green Tangerine Peel.
[Note] Alcohol injury should be treated with Ge Hua Jie Cheng Tang to induce sweating for immediate relief. Symptoms: headache, anorexia, vomiting, fever, fatigue, irritability, resembling external contraction but not so, caused by alcohol. Ingredients: Ginseng, Kudzu Flower, Atractylodes, Poria, Polyporus, Alisma, White Cardamom, Amomum, Medicated Leaven, Dried Ginger, Citrus Peel, Costus Root, Green Tangerine Peel.
Mi Fang Hua Zhi Wan (Secret Formula Resolve Stagnation Pill)
Treats all Qi accumulation pain regardless of cold/heat. Ingredients: Croton Seed (vinegar-processed), Burreed, Curcuma, Atractylodes, Green Tangerine Peel, Citrus Peel, Coptis, Pinellia, Costus Root, Clove.
[Note] Secret Formula Resolve Stagnation Pill treats all Qi stagnation/accumulation pain regardless of cold/heat, a potent purgative. Ingredients: Croton Seed, Burreed, Curcuma, Green Tangerine Peel, Citrus Peel, Coptis, Pinellia, Costus Root, Clove. From *Danxi Xinfa Fuyu*, proven effective. Adjust dosage based on age, constitution, and condition.