〔万〕水火者，阴阳之迹也，坎离者，水火之位也，心肾者，坎离之配也，故水阴也，而生于阳，离中之阴，乃
真水也。火阳也，而生于阴，坎中之阳，乃真火也。阴根于阳，阳根于阴，互为其根，所以能变合而生万物也。孔子赞
易，以坎为血卦、为赤，离为鳖、为蟹、为螺、为蚌、为龟，其义可见。以人身言之，血阴也，气阳
也，心配离而生血，阳中有阴，乃真阴也，肾配坎而生气，阴中有阳，乃真阳也，故心中之血，即肾中之真水也，灌溉
滋濡，水之德也，肾中之气，即心中之真火也， 嘘鼓动，火之象也，然水善而火恶，老子曰∶上善若水，下愚如火。
善恶之分也。况人之两肾，左为水，右为火，经曰∶七节之旁，中有小心，小心者，命门相火也，
以其为君之相，故云小心，行君之令，故云命门也。夫以一水立乎二火之间，其不胜也，明矣，运之于中而使火不赫曦，
水不涸流者，有神以主之也，所谓神者，何物也，太虚之中，神之栖也。然水火不并立，各有所胜，盛衰之变，此其常
也。故盛则薄所不胜而乘所胜也，命曰气淫。衰则所胜妄行而所生受病，所不胜薄之也，
命曰气迫。疮疹之火，起于命门之下，二火相合，所谓得助者强也，相火复挟君火之势，肆其猖獗，销烁燔炳，
无所不至，可恃者心中之真水，尚有以制之，奈何阳道常饶，阴道常乏，赫曦者其气淫，涸流者其气迫，并真水亦亡
而已矣。经曰∶成败倚伏生乎动，动而不已则变作焉。真水既亡，津液暴绝，其气滞，其发燥，槁不
能润乎皮毛，滋乎腠理，而疮中之血亦干而黑矣，是则变黑者，血色本赤，而干则变黑也。谓之归肾者，血本
肾中之阴，血干则肾水亦干矣，此肾虚之证，岂有肾实为邪之理乎。邵子观物篇曰∶东赤，南白，西黄，北黑，
此正色也，验之于晓午暮夜之时，可见之矣，由是推之，婴儿始生而赤，长稍变而白，病则黄，老死而
黑，物生地下而赤，稍长而白，萎落则黄，枯槁而黑，凡物皆资一阳之气以生，此四色者，乃一阳之气色递变者也。
夫痘疮由出现而起发，起发而成浆，成浆而结痂，亦人身中一阳之气之流行也，其出现而赤，起发稍变而白，成
浆则黄，结痂则黑，此亦色之递变自然者，乃证之顺，未可全以变黑为不正之色也。夫以变黑为逆者，
以四时言之，春主生，夏主长，秋主收，冬主藏，此自然之序，递相成功者也，痘
疮之出，犹春之生也，起发犹夏之长也，成浆犹秋之收也，结痂犹冬之藏也，亦自然之序，苟出现而黑色，是春
行冬令矣，起发而黑色，是夏行冬令矣，成浆而黑色，是秋行冬令矣，不循递变之次，故谓之逆。黑者，肾之色也，
为起蛰封藏之本，故以变黑为归肾也。又肺主皮毛，心主血脉，脾主肌肉，肝主筋，肾主骨髓，疮疹之
毒，由内而外为顺，内者不出曰伏，已出复入曰陷，不能成浆谓之倒陷，不能结痂谓之倒靥，曰伏、曰陷、曰倒，
皆由外而内，入于骨髓，故曰归肾为逆也。
按∶钱仲阳为万世幼医之祖，而独以变黑归肾，为肾实之证，其失不小，万氏辟之，最为详明，故备引之。
盖耳 者，肾之部也，诸痛疮疡皆属于火，肾本属水，水不畏火，故疮疹之初，肾独无证，凡五脏之部、之色、之
证、见者皆为恶候，故曰善则不可见，恶则可见也。倘若小儿，肾水本亏，则火毒愈盛，水不足以制之，而火反侮
其所不胜，及其既久，火熬水热，于是肾之所部始病，而恶证见焉，钱氏以百祥丸下之者，大有至理，盖大戟者，
泻小肠之药也，心与小肠为表里，不直泻其心，而泻其合，使心火下降而肾水上升，得阴阳交媾之
道，有起骨加肉之功，然不救者，尚十有九，水火岂易抽添哉！盖非百祥丸则
无治也，毒瓦斯去而真气不绝者犹活，前人谓百祥丸泻膀胱之水，令脾土复旺，是不读《本草》而且大夫仲阳之旨也。
又，导赤散亦仲阳所制，亦泻小肠，但与百祥丸之功效有宽猛耳，四圣散用木通亦妙，世以大戟为猛，而易以其
他淡渗之药，反泻膀胱与肾者，是不刃而杀之矣。万氏以百祥丸下肾中毒瓦斯，是犹以为肾实而泻其子也，毫厘之差，
千里之谬，不可以不辨。
疮痘黑陷，分四证，详见起发证治陷伏条。薛云∶喜热饮食，手足并冷者，
乃脾胃亏损，阳气虚寒之证，宜用辛热之剂补之。喜冷冻饮料食，手足并热，乃阳气实热之证，宜用苦寒之剂泻之。外感
风寒者温散之。毒入腹者分利之。阳气虚者温补之。外寒触犯者熏解之。陈宿州先生用十二味异功散，以预保脾土于
未败之先，实发前人之未发，开万世之聋 也。
〔闻人〕人牙散 治痘疮方出，风寒外袭，或变黑，或青紫，宜温肌发散，使热气复行，而 自出。用人齿、
脱落者不拘多少，瓦罐固济， 过出火毒，研末。出不快而黑陷者， 猪血调下一钱，因服凉药血涩倒陷者，入麝香
温酒服之。
初虞世名回生散，用人牙灰入麝香少许，每服半钱，黄 、白芍药、煎汤调下。
钱氏方中用温酒调下。云岐方中用升麻、紫草煎汤调下。海藏云∶若平昔油腻肠垢者，通膈丸下之，朱砂为衣，与
宣风散相表里。一方，用鸡冠血调成膏，好酒半盏，人乳半盏，入葱白一茎，煎汤送下。彭氏云∶只用紫草汤，自
好疮痘，最怕麝香与酒气，触禁，不可用。凡服牙齿，不可过多，每服止三分，多则阳气尽出于表，恐痘斑
烂无血色，阴气内盛，必里寒而濡泄，急以四君子加芎、归服之。
〔汤〕治痘疮黑陷，药不能发者有验。用穿山甲一味，烧、存性，为细末，入麝香当门子少许，一岁五分，
三岁一钱，温酒调下。一服取效，虽半身黑陷欲绝者，亦能暂苏而发红色。但有目闭无魂者，不复生矣。
〔寇〕麻黄汤 用麻黄剪去根节五钱，用蜜一匙同炒良久，以水半升煎，候沸，去上沫，再煎去三分之一，
不用渣。病疮 倒靥黑者，乘热尽服之，避风，俟其疮复出。一法，用无灰酒煎更速，但小儿不能饮酒者难服，以
此药入表也。（世传此法累用有效。）
〔万〕凡痘子黑陷，古方用穿山甲者，取其穿肠透膜而善走也，用人牙者，取牙齿乃骨之余，肾主骨，可以入
肾也，此二物者，但借为向导，引解毒之剂以施
治则可，若军用之，何济于事哉，有用烧人屎者，盖屎大解疫毒，痘乃时疫所发，
故宜用之，若加入发表和中解毒汤内尤良。
上方，皆通表发肌之药，首一证感风寒，肌窍闭塞，血凝不行而黑陷者，宜之。
《活人》疮黑倒陷，猪尾汤、无比散、龙脑膏子无不验。（海藏云∶若用草药下之，似胜脑麝，
必不得已，而后用之可也）。
猪尾膏 治疮倒靥。用小猪尾尖刺血两点，入生脑子少许同研，新汲水调下，食后。立效。
龙脑膏子 治时疫发痘疮，及出疮子未透，心烦狂躁，气喘妄语，或见鬼神，或已发而陷伏，皆宜速治，
不治，其毒入脏，决死。用生龙脑一钱，研细，滴猪心血、和丸如豆子大。每服一丸。心烦狂躁者，用紫草汤化下。
若疮子陷伏者，用温酒化下，少时，心神便定，得睡，疮疹发透，根据常将息，取安。（海藏云∶此一法，证极、而
用，故《活人》云∶不得已也）
四粪散 治 疮倒靥黑陷。（出《御院药方》）歌曰∶人猫猪犬腊辰烧，每服三钱蜜水调，
选甚倒靥并黑陷，万两黄金也合消。（腊月辰日合此药，甚验）。
〔子和〕人中黄，腊月者最佳，通风处以火 成煤，水调下三五钱，陷者自出。丹溪
云∶子和，黑陷甚者用烧人屎，即此方也。
〔世〕治疹痘不透，干黑危困。用山楂肉一味为末，每服二钱，紫草酒送下，量儿大小加减，徐徐进三四服，
即红活。
〔海〕刘守真凉膈散，治小儿 疹黑陷亦妙，然止能治大便结硬、小便赤涩为当，
若大便小便已通，不宜用此，惟以易老去大黄、硝者，最为稳当。
〔钱〕凡痘疹重者，犹十活四五，黑者无问何如，十难救一，其候或寒战切牙，或身黄肿紫，宜急以百祥丸下之。
复恶寒不已，身冷出汗，耳尻反热者死。何以然？肾气大旺，脾虚不能治故也。下后身热气温欲饮水者，可治，以
脾气生，胜肾，寒去而温热也，治之宜解毒，不可妄下，妄下则内虚多归于肾。若能食而痂头焦起，或未焦而喘实者，
可下之，宜四顺饮。疮赤陷而耳尻反热者，为逆，用百祥丸、牛李膏、各三服，不愈者死。
百祥丸一名南阳丸 治疮疹黑陷寒战，切牙戛齿，身黄紫肿。
红牙大戟（不以多少，阴干，浆水煮软，去骨，日中曝干，复纳汁煮，汁尽，焙干，为末）
上，水丸如黍米大。每服一二十丸，研芝麻汤下。吐利同。无时。此方治戛齿甚妙。
牛李膏
用牛李子不以多少，取汁，石器内熬成膏。牛李子生野道边，至秋结实，黑子成穗，如无生者，以干者为末，水
熬代用。每服皂子大，煎杏胶汤化下。此药须于九月中取之。
睦亲宅一大王病疮疹，始用一李医，又召钱氏，钱留与抱龙丸三服。李以药下之，其疹稠密。钱氏见，大惊，曰
若非转下，则为逆病。王曰李已用药下之。钱曰疮疹始出，未有他证，不可下也，但当用平和药，频与乳食，不
受风冷可也，疮痂若起，能食者，大黄丸泻一二行，即止。令先下之，疮疹未能出尽而稠密甚，则难治，此误也，纵
得安，其病有三，一者疥，二者痈，三者目赤。李氏不能治。经三日，黑陷后复召钱，曰幸不发寒，病未困也，遂用
百祥丸为主，牛李膏为助，各二大服。至五日间，疮复红活，七日而愈。盖黑者，归肾水也，肾旺胜脾，土不克水，故
脾虚寒战，则难治。所用百祥丸者，以泻膀胱之腑，腑若不实，脏自不盛也。何以不泻肾，由肾主虚，不受泻，如二
服不效，即加寒而死矣。
〔子和〕治疮疹黑陷。铁脚葳灵仙为末炒，一钱，脑子一分，用温水调服，取下疮痂，为效。
《活人》无比散 治小儿疮疹恶候。
朱砂（先研，一两） 牛黄 麝香 樟脑 腻粉（细研。各一钱）
上，同研细。如有患者，小儿一字，大人五分，入水银少许，用小猪尾上血三两点，新水同调服。宁稳得睡者，然
后取转，下如烂鱼肠、葡萄穗之类涎臭恶物便安。小儿用乳汁调，妙。（海藏云∶此泻内热之极，不能开发于外则宜此，
内虽过泄，外亦开发，即透肌肤之药，与至宝丹同）。
小儿 疹黑陷方
干胭脂（三钱） 胡桃（一个，烧、存性）
上，为细末。煎胡荽酒调下药一钱，立效。
上，治死血黑陷。凡前方，用穿山甲及麝香等药治黑陷，皆为气滞者设也。
上方，皆里药，第二证所谓毒瓦斯太盛，内外蒸烁，毒复入里，必心烦狂躁，气喘妄言，如见鬼神，大小
便秘，渴而腹胀者所宜，选而用之者也。
〔阎〕紫草散 治疮痘黑陷，曾服此方愈。亢钱皆云，有枳壳难服。
紫草 甘草 糯米（亢云，此味极好，助胃气） 黄 （各等分）
上，水煎服。
〔丹〕痘疮黑陷二种，因气虚而毒瓦斯不能尽出者，用黄 、人参、酒炒紫草治之。
颜色正者，如上治法。（参 之补，佐以紫草之通利也）
〔魏〕变黑归肾，乃气弱不能蓄血，血亦不荣，故致枯萎而黑，只用保元汤加芎、桂、补提其气，气旺，
则黑者转而为黄矣。
上补虚例。第三证所谓内虚而不能使阳气以副云云者之所宜也。
吴氏云∶痘色初深红者，必变紫，紫必变黑，紫黑必至于干枯，此血热渐变，理势之一定不移者也，故初见
深红，失于解散，至于干枯黑陷，危殆极矣。治法，当以凉血退热为主，看其微甚，或利大便，或利小便，或
用解散之剂，顶虽平陷，
不可专以气虚例之，而惟用参 补剂，补则气愈盛，而血愈干涸矣。翁氏治血热证，七八日间有紫黑干枯，及青
灰干黑陷者，有夺命大造、谈笑博金、一字金、或百祥、牛李、猪尾等方，然早能凉血解毒，必无此患，患此而后
用此药，得全者少矣。若服凉解之药过多，以致泄泻滑脱，而成黑陷者，仍从陈氏法，以木香、异功
治之，又不得以血热为拘也。
夺命五毒丹 治痘黑陷倒靥，干枯不起者，神验。
月魄（蟾酥。少许） 吐月华（牛黄。二分） 银红（朱砂。一钱） 男王（雄黄。三分） 梅精（冰片。二分）
上五味，用 猪尾血、为丸如麻子大。薄荷汤下一丸，移时活动。
谈笑博金丹 治同上。
取用寅亥戌未四时四灵丹，加脐香下。（俱用天灵盖）
大造保童丸 治同上，兼治痘毒。亦妙。
一蛮子（人胎骨。炙过）二野狼子（狗胎骨。酥炙）三猫子（猫胎骨。炙过）
上，加脐香下。
一字金丹 治同上。
紫花地丁 金线重楼 山慈菇
至宝丹 治同上。
戌腹粮（即将大米、净室与犬食饱，取其粪洗净、炙干、研细，每一两、麝香一、二分）
一粒金丹 治同上，虚证虽死者，可立活。
腽肭脐（二） 鸦片（三） 冰片（二） 麝香（一） 原蚕蛾（二）
[Wan Quan] Water and fire are the external manifestations of Yin and Yang; the Kan (Water) and Li (Fire) trigrams represent the positional symbols of water and fire; the Heart and Kidney correspond to the Kan and Li trigrams in organ association. Therefore, water belongs to Yin but is generated from Yang (indicating that water contains Yang); the Yin line within the Li trigram constitutes the True Yin (True Water). Fire belongs to Yang but is generated from Yin (indicating that fire contains Yin); the Yang line within the Kan trigram constitutes the True Yang (True Fire). Yin roots in Yang, and Yang roots in Yin; they serve as mutual foundations, thereby enabling transformation and combination to generate all things. Confucius, in his commentary on the *I Ching* (Book of Changes), stated that the Kan trigram represents the Blood Gua and the color red, while the Li trigram represents animals such as turtles, crabs, snails, clams, and tortoises; the underlying principles can be discerned from this. Regarding the human body, blood is Yin and Qi is Yang. The Heart, associated with the Li trigram, generates blood; Yang containing Yin constitutes the True Yin. The Kidney, associated with the Kan trigram, generates Qi; Yin containing Yang constitutes the True Yang. Thus, the blood in the Heart is equivalent to the True Water in the Kidney, possessing the virtue of irrigation and moistening, which is the nature of water. The Qi in the Kidney is equivalent to the True Fire in the Heart, exhibiting the phenomenon of blowing and stirring, which is the characteristic of fire. However, water is benevolent while fire is malevolent. Laozi said: "The highest good is like water; the lowest is like fire." This denotes the distinction between good and evil. Furthermore, regarding the two kidneys, the left belongs to water and the right to fire. The medical classics state: "Beside the seventh vertebra, there is a 'Small Heart' (Xin Xiao)." This 'Small Heart' refers to the Ministerial Fire of the Gate of Life (Mingmen). Because it assists the Sovereign (the Heart), it is called 'Small Heart'; because it executes the orders of the Sovereign, it is called the Gate of Life. With one water standing between two fires, it is evident that water cannot overcome fire. The operation in the middle prevents the fire from becoming excessive (scorching) and the water from drying up, which is governed by the 'Shen' (Spirit). What is this 'Shen'? It resides in the Great Void. However, water and fire cannot both be in extreme abundance; each has its dominance, and changes in prosperity and decline are normal. When one aspect is excessive, it bullies what it cannot overcome and exploits what it overcomes, termed 'Qi Indulgence' (Qi Yin). When one aspect is deficient, what it overcomes acts recklessly, what it generates suffers disease, and what cannot overcome it bullies it, termed 'Qi Compulsion' (Qi Po). The fire of smallpox and chickenpox originates below the Gate of Life. The two fires combine, meaning that support leads to strength. The Ministerial Fire, carrying the momentum of the Sovereign Fire, runs rampant, scorching and burning everywhere. The only reliance is the True Water in the Heart, which can still restrain it. Unfortunately, the Path of Yang is often abundant, while the Path of Yin is often deficient. Scorching indicates Qi Indulgence; drying up indicates Qi Compulsion. Even the True Water perishes. The classics state: "Success and failure lie hidden in movement; continuous movement generates transformation." Once the True Water perishes, body fluids suddenly cease, Qi stagnates, and dryness arises. The skin and hair become withered and cannot be moistened; the interstices (Cou Li) cannot be nourished. Consequently, the blood within the lesions dries and turns black. This explains why blackening occurs: blood color is originally red, but upon drying, it turns black. It is termed 'Returning to the Kidney' because blood originates from the Yin of the Kidney; when blood dries, Kidney Water also dries. This is a syndrome of Kidney Deficiency, not Kidney Excess with pathogenic factors. Shao Yong's *Guanwu Pian* states: East is red, South is white, West is yellow, North is black; these are the primary colors. This can be verified at dawn, noon, dusk, and night. By inference, infants are born with a ruddy complexion, which gradually turns white as they grow; during illness, it turns yellow; upon old age and death, it turns black. Plants growing underground are red, turn white as they grow, yellow as they wither, and black when dried. All things rely on a single breath of Yang Qi for generation; these four colors represent the progressive change of this Yang Qi's hue. Smallpox progresses from eruption to development, then to pustule formation, and finally to scabbing. This is also the circulation of Yang Qi in the body. Eruption appears red; development slightly whitens; pustules appear yellow; scabs appear black. This is a natural progression of color, representing a favorable prognosis (Shun). One cannot entirely consider blackening as an abnormal color. If blackening is considered adverse (Ni), it is based on the seasons: Spring governs growth, Summer governs development, Autumn governs harvesting, and Winter governs storage. This is the natural order, succeeding one another. The eruption of smallpox is like Spring's growth; development is like Summer's growth; pustule formation is like Autumn's harvest; scabbing is like Winter's storage. This is also the natural order. If eruptions are black, it is Spring executing Winter's command; if development is black, it is Summer executing Winter's command; if pustules are black, it is Autumn executing Winter's command. Failing to follow the progressive order is termed 'Adverse'. Black is the color of the Kidney, the root of hibernation and storage; thus, blackening is called 'Returning to the Kidney'. Additionally, the Lungs govern skin and hair, the Heart governs blood vessels, the Spleen governs muscles, the Liver governs sinews, and the Kidneys govern bone marrow. For lesions, toxicity moving from inside to outside is favorable. Toxicity remaining inside without emerging is called 'Depression' (Fu); emerging and then sinking back is called 'Collapse' (Xian); failure to form pustules is 'Reverse Collapse' (Dao Xian); failure to form scabs is 'Reverse Scabbing' (Dao Ye). 'Fu', 'Xian', and 'Dao' all indicate movement from outside to inside, penetrating into the bone marrow; hence, 'Returning to the Kidney' is adverse.
Commentary: Qian Yi (courtesy name Zhongyang) is the ancestor of pediatric medicine for ten thousand generations, yet he uniquely attributed blackening to the Kidney as an Excess syndrome, a significant error. Wan Quan refuted this most clearly and comprehensively, so I quote him fully. The ears are the external manifestation of the Kidney. All pain and sores belong to Fire. The Kidney inherently belongs to Water, and Water does not fear Fire. Therefore, in the early stages of lesions, the Kidney alone shows no symptoms. Whenever the manifestations, colors, or symptoms of any Zang organ appear, they are ominous signs. Thus, it is said: "Auspicious signs should not appear; ominous signs may appear." If a child has inherent Kidney Water deficiency, Fire-Toxin becomes even more vigorous. Water is insufficient to restrain Fire, and Fire reversely insults what it cannot overcome. After a long time, Fire boils the Water, causing pathology in the Kidney's domain, and ominous signs appear. Qian Yi's use of Baixiang Pill (Hundred-Relief Pill) for purging is highly logical. Daji (Euphorbiae Humifusae Radix) is a herb that drains the Small Intestine. The Heart and Small Intestine are exterior-interior pairs. Instead of directly draining the Heart, it drains its paired organ, causing Heart Fire to descend and Kidney Water to ascend, achieving the Tao of Yin-Yang interaction, with the power to restore life. However, nine out of ten cases remain untreatable. Can Water and Fire easily be added or subtracted! Without Baixiang Pill, there is no treatment. If the toxin is removed and the True Qi remains intact, survival is possible. Predecessors claimed Baixiang Pill drains Bladder Water to strengthen Spleen Earth; this shows a lack of reading the *Bencao* (Materia Medica) and a misunderstanding of Zhongyang's intent. Daoye San (Guide Out the Red Powder), also formulated by Qian Yi, also drains the Small Intestine, but differs from Baixiang Pill in being milder versus stronger. Six-Sheng San uses Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), which is also effective. People consider Daji too harsh and substitute it with other bland-draining herbs, which instead drain the Bladder and Kidney, effectively killing without a blade. Wan Quan uses Baixiang Pill to purge Kidney toxin, treating it as Kidney Excess and draining its 'Son' (Water generates Wood, but here referring to the Five Elements relationship where draining the output reduces excess, though technically Kidney is Water, its son is Wood; Wan treats it as draining the effect). A difference of a hair leads to a mistake of a thousand miles; this must be distinguished.
Black collapse of smallpox/chickenpox is divided into four syndromes; see details under "Development Syndrome Treatment for Collapse". Xue Ji stated: Those who prefer hot drinks/food with cold hands and feet have Spleen-Stomach deficiency and Yang-Qi Cold; treat with acrid-hot tonics. Those who prefer cold drinks/food with hot hands and feet have Yang-Qi Excess Heat; treat with bitter-cold purgatives. For external Wind-Cold, use warm dispersal. For toxin entering the abdomen, use separation and drainage (diuresis/bowel movement). For Yang-Qi deficiency, use warm tonification. For external cold invasion, use fumigation and resolution. Mr. Chen Suzhou used Twelve-Ingredient Yigong San to protect Spleen Earth before it fails, truly expanding upon predecessors' insights and enlightening future generations.
[Wenren Shi] Renya San (Human Tooth Powder): Treats smallpox just erupted, attacked by external Wind-Cold, turning black or cyan-purple. Use warming-muscle dispersal to restore heat flow so eruptions emerge naturally. Use human teeth or shed teeth, unspecified amount. Seal in a clay pot, calcine to remove fire toxicity, grind to powder. For slow emergence with black collapse, mix with pig blood and take 1 qian. For collapse due to cooling herbs causing blood stasis, add Musk and take with warm wine.
Chu Yushi's Huisheng San (Life-Restoring Powder): Use calcined human tooth ash with a little Musk. Take 0.5 qian per dose, mixed with decoction of Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba).
Qian Yi's formula uses warm wine. Yunqi's formula uses Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma) decoction. Haizang said: For those with habitual greasy intestinal waste, use Tongge Wan (Diaphragm-Unblocking Pill) coated with Cinnabar, acting as exterior-interior with Xuanfeng San. Another formula uses rooster comb blood made into a paste, taken with half a cup of good wine and half a cup of human milk, plus one stem of scallion white, decocted and taken as soup. Peng Shi said: Only Zicao Tang (Arnebia Decoction) is needed; the rash will heal itself. Musk and alcohol smell are strictly forbidden. When using tooth preparations, do not exceed 3 fen per dose. Excess causes Yang Qi to escape to the surface, risking ulcerated lesions without blood color, internal Yin excess, interior cold, and loose stools. Immediately administer Sizijun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix).
[Tang] Effective for black collapse where medicines fail to erupt. Use only Chanshunjia (Manis Pentadactyla scales), calcined to retain property, ground to fine powder. Add a little Musk (Dangmenzi). Dosage: 5 fen for 1-year-old, 1 qian for 3-year-old. Mix with warm wine. One dose brings effect; even half-body black collapse nearing death can temporarily revive and turn red. However, if eyes are closed and soulless, recovery is impossible.
[Kou] Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction): Use 5 qian of Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) with root nodes removed. Stir-fry with 1 spoon of honey for a long time. Decoct with half a sheng of water. Boil, skim foam, boil further until one-third evaporates. Do not discard dregs. For inverted/black scabs, drink hot immediately. Avoid wind. Wait for eruptions to reappear. Alternative: Decoct with pure wine for faster action, but difficult for children who cannot drink alcohol, as this is a releasing exterior formula. (This method is widely circulated and effective.)
[Wan Quan] For black collapse, ancient formulas use Chanshunjia for its penetrating and mobile nature, or Renya (Human Teeth) because teeth are surplus of bone, and Kidneys govern bone, allowing entry into the Kidney. These two substances serve only as guides to lead detoxifying agents; using them as main troops is useless. Calcined human feces are used because feces resolves epidemic toxins. Since smallpox is caused by epidemics, this is appropriate, especially when added to exterior-releasing, middle-regulating, and detoxifying soups.
The above formulas are all exterior-releasing and muscle-penetrating drugs. They suit the first syndrome: Wind-Cold invasion, blocked pores, stagnant blood causing black collapse.
*Huoren* book mentions Zhutui Tang (Pig Tail Soup), Wubi San (Peerless Powder), and Longnao Gao (Borneol Ointment) for black inverted collapse, all effective. (Haizang said: Herbal purgatives seem superior to Borneol/Musk, but use only when absolutely necessary.)
Zhutui Gao (Pig Tail Ointment): Treats inverted scabs. Prick tip of pig tail for two drops of blood. Mix with a little raw Borneol. Take with fresh well-water after meals. Immediate effect.
Longnao Gaozi (Borneol Pills): Treats epidemic smallpox, incomplete eruption, mental restlessness, mania, panting, delirium, hallucinations, or eruption followed by collapse. Urgent treatment is required; otherwise, toxin enters viscera and death ensues. Use 1 qian raw Borneol, finely ground. Mix with pig heart blood to make pills the size of beans. Take one pill per dose. For mental restlessness/manic behavior, dissolve in Zicao Tang. For collapsed eruptions, dissolve in warm wine. Calmness and sleep follow shortly, eruptions penetrate thoroughly. Rest normally for recovery. (Haizang said: This method is for extreme syndromes; *Huoren* says: use only when necessary.)
Sifen San (Four Feces Powder): Treats inverted black collapse. (*Yu Yuan Yao Fang*). Verse: Human, cat, pig, dog feces burned on Chen day in December. Take 3 qian with honey water. Regardless of inversion or black collapse, worth ten thousand gold. (Prepared on Chen day in December; very effective.)
[Zihe Zheng] Renzhonghuang (Human Middle Yellow): Best from December. Burn in ventilated area to coal. Take 3-5 qian with water. Collapsed eruptions emerge naturally. Danxi said: Zhenghe's use of calcined human feces for severe black collapse is this formula.
[Shi] Treats non-erupting, dry-black, critical rash. Use Shan Zha Rou (Crataegi Fructus) powder, 2 qian per dose. Take with Zicao Jiu (Arnebia Wine). Adjust dosage by age. Slowly take 3-4 doses. Rash becomes red and vibrant.
[Haizang] Liu Shouzhen's Liangge San (Cooling Diaphragm Powder) is excellent for pediatric rash black collapse, but only suitable for hard stool and red/scanty urine. If bowels/bladder are open, do not use. Replacing Rhubarb and Mirabilite with aged versions is safest.
[Qian Yi] Severe smallpox/rash: 4-5 survive out of 10. Black cases: less than 1 in 10 survives. Symptoms: chills, grinding teeth, yellow/swollen/purple body. Urgently purge with Baixiang Pill. If chills persist, cold body, sweating, but ears/tailbone feel hot, death ensues. Why? Kidney Qi is hyperactive, Spleen deficiency fails to control. Post-purge: fever, warm pulse, thirst indicates treatability (Spleen Qi rises, overcoming Kidney, cold leaves, warmth returns). Treat with detoxification; do not purge blindly, as blind purging empties interior and burdens Kidney. If eating well with scorched scabs, or panting/excess without scabs, purge with Sishun Yin. Red collapse with hot ears/tailbone is adverse. Use Baixiang Pill and Niuli Gao, 3 doses each. Failure means death.
Baixiang Pill (Nanyang Pill): Treats rash black collapse, chills, teeth grinding, yellow/purple swelling.
Hongya Daji (Red-toothed Euphorbia Root): Amount unspecified. Dry in shade. Soften in grain water, remove bones. Sun-dry. Re-boil in juice until dry. Grind to powder.
Make water pills sized like millet seeds. Take 10-20 pills per dose with sesame seed decoction. Same for vomiting/diarrhea. Anytime. Excellent for teeth grinding.
Niuli Gao (Ox Plum Ointment): Extract juice from Niuzi (Ox Plums), amount unspecified. Boil in stone mortar to ointment. Grows by wild roads, fruits black in autumn. If fresh unavailable, use dried powder boiled in water. Take size of soap bean, dissolved in Apricot Gum Decoction. Harvest in mid-9th lunar month.
Prince of Mubei Residence: King suffered rash. Initially treated by Dr. Li, then Qian Yi summoned. Qian left Baolong Wan (Embrace Dragon Pills) x3 doses. Dr. Li purged, making rash dense. Qian shocked: "If not purged, it becomes adverse." King: "Li already purged." Qian: "Rash just emerged, no other symptoms, do not purge. Use mild meds, frequent feeding, avoid cold/wind. If scabs form and eating well, purge once/twice with Dahuang Wan, then stop." Premature purging prevented full eruption, causing density, making it hard to treat. Error. Even if stable, sequelae: scabies, abscesses, red eyes. Dr. Li failed. Three days later, black collapse returned. Qian: "Fortunately no chills, not exhausted." Used Baixiang Pill as main, Niuli Gao as assistant, large doses twice. Day 5: rash red/vibrant. Day 7: cured. Black returns to Kidney Water. Kidney wins Spleen. Earth fails to control Water. Spleen deficiency causes chills, hard to treat. Baixiang Pill drains Bladder Fu. If Fu not excess, Zang not hyperactive. Why not drain Kidney? Kidney governs deficiency, cannot tolerate purging. Two doses ineffective leads to cold death.
[Zihe Zheng] Treats rash black collapse. Tieji Weilingxian (Smilax glabra root) powder, stir-fried, 1 qian. Naozi (Borneol) 1 fen. Take with warm water. Effect indicated by falling scabs.
*Huoren* Wubi San (Peerless Powder): Treats pediatric rash ominous signs.
Zhusha (Cinnabar, pre-ground, 1 liang) Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis) Shexiang (Moschus) Zhangnao (Camphora) Nifen (Calomelas, finely ground). Each 1 qian.
Grind together. Pediatric dose: 1 zi (approx 0.1-0.3g); Adult: 5 fen. Add little Mercury. Mix with 2-3 drops of pig tail blood and fresh water. Administer. Preferably let patient sleep peacefully, then expectoration/transformation occurs. Discharge foul slime/feces like rotten fish intestines or grape clusters. Peace follows. Pediatric dose mixed with breast milk is excellent. (Haizang said: Drains extreme internal heat unable to vent externally. Internal purge allows external venting; penetrates skin/muscles. Similar to Zhibao Dan.)
Pediatric Rash Black Collapse Formula
Gan Yanzhi (Dry Carmine, 3 qian) Hetao (Walnut, 1 piece, calcined)
Grind to fine powder. Decoct Huisu Jiu (Coriander Wine). Take 1 qian. Immediate effect.
Treats dead-blood black collapse. Previous formulas using Chanshunjia and Musk target Qi stagnation.
Above formulas are Interior drugs. Suit second syndrome: Toxin excessively strong, steaming internally/externally, toxin re-entering interior. Symptoms: mental restlessness, mania, panting, delirium, hallucinations, constipation, urinary difficulty, thirst, abdominal distension. Select and use accordingly.
[Yan] Zicao San (Arnebia Powder): Treats rash black collapse. Cured with this. Kang and Qian noted Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus) is hard to tolerate.
Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) Nuomi (Oryza Sativa Glutinosa) Huangqi (Astragali Radix). Equal parts.
Decoct in water and take.
[Danxi] Two types of black collapse: Due to Qi deficiency preventing toxin expulsion. Use Huangqi, Renshen (Ginseng Radix), and Zicao fried in wine.
Normal color: Treat as above. (Renshen tonifies, assisted by Zicao's unblocking/draining).
[Wei] Black returning to Kidney: Qi weak, unable to store blood; blood fails to nourish. Results in withering/blackening. Use Baoyuan Tang (Preserve Origin Decoction) plus Chuanxiong and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) to tonify and lift Qi. When Qi is robust, black turns yellow.
Above: Tonifying deficiency example. Suits third syndrome: Internal deficiency failing to support Yang Qi.
Wu Shi said: Deep red rash turns purple, purple turns black, black turns dry. This gradual blood-heat change is inevitable. Initial deep red, if not dispersed, leads to dry black collapse, extremely critical. Treatment: Cool blood and reduce heat primarily. Assess severity: promote bowel movement, urination, or use dispersing agents. Even if flat/collapsed, do not assume only Qi deficiency and use only Renshen/Huangqi tonics. Tonification increases Qi, drying blood further. Weng Shi treated blood-heat syndrome: Days 7-8, purple-black dry, or cyan-gray dry collapse. Formulas: Dueming Dazao, Tanxiao Bojin, Yizi Jin, Baixiang, Niuli, Zhutui. Early cooling blood/detoxification prevents this. Using these after onset yields few survivors. Overuse of cooling/dispersing causes diarrhea/slippage leading to black collapse. Follow Chen Shi's method: Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) and Yigong San. Do not be rigid about blood-heat.
Dueming Wudu Dan (Life-Snatching Five-Toxin Pill): Treats black collapse, inverted scabs, dry/non-rising. Divine efficacy.
Yuepo (Chan Su, Toad Venom, little) Tuo Yuehua (Niu Huang, Calculus Bovis, 2 fen) Yin Hong (Zhu Sha, Cinnabar, 1 qian) Nan Wang (Xiong Huang, Realgar, 3 fen) Mei Jing (Bing Pian, Borneolum Syntheticum, 2 fen)
Five ingredients. Make pills with pig tail blood, size of hemp seeds. Take one pill with Mint Decoction. Activity resumes after some time.
Tanxiao Bojin Dan: Treats same as above.
Use Si Ling Dan (Four Spirit Pill) from Yin, Hai, Xu, Wei hours. Add Navel Fragrance (Tianlinggai, Human Skull Cap).
Dazao Baotong Wan: Treats same as above, also smallpox toxin. Excellent.
Yimanzi (Human Fetus Bone, roasted) Er Yelangzi (Dog Fetus Bone, butter-roasted) San Maozi (Cat Fetus Bone, roasted)
Add Navel Fragrance.
Yizi Jin Dan (One-Character Gold Pill): Treats same as above.
Zihua Diding (Violariae Herba) Jinxian Chonglou (Paridis Rhizoma) Shancigu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus)
Zhibao Dan (Precious Treasure Pill): Treats same as above.
Xu Fuliang (Rice fed to dog in clean room, feces washed, roasted, ground. 1 liang + 1-2 fen Musk)
Yili Jin Dan (One-Pill Gold Pill): Treats same as above. Even dead from deficiency can revive instantly.
Wanaqi (Ottonis Testis) Yapian (Opium) Bingpian (Borneol) Shexiang (Moschus) Yuancang'e (Bombyx Batryticatus)