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The eyes are the external manifestation of the Liver (Gan). The essence of the five Zang and six Fu organs ascends to nourish the eyes. If there is heat in the Zang and Fu organs, the Qi invades the Liver, rushes to and erupts in the eyes, causing heat qi to knot and accumulate; thus, sores grow on the surface of the eyeballs.

The eyes are the external manifestation of the Liver and the pathway for ascending fluids. Wind-heat pathogens lodge between the eyelids, where heat combats with blood, causing internal knotting and accumulation. Body fluids are affected by this and flow incessantly, resulting in pus that does not cease; this is called "Pus Leakage" (Nong Lou).

The eyes are the external manifestation of the Liver, and Liver Qi connects to the eyes. Wind-pathogen toxic vapors lodge between the skin of the eyelids, knotting and accumulating to form swelling. The swelling causes the eyelids to close and remain unopen, hence it is called "Sealed Blockage" (Feng Sai). However, externally there is wind-toxin knotting into swelling, while internally there is accumulated heat. If the swelling does not dissipate quickly, and the heat pathogen lingers, it will transform into conditions such as corneal opacity (Fu Yi), polyps (Rou), and white obstructions (Bai Zhang).

The eyes are the external manifestation of the Liver. When heat in the Zang and Fu organs is excessive, heat invades the Liver, Qi rushes to the eyes, and heat qi knots and accumulates, causing lesions resembling Ding sores (Ding) to arise within the eye.

In some people, a small hard nodule suddenly forms inside the eye, producing pus within three to five days; the world calls this "Stealing Needle" (Tou Zhen). This arises because heat pathogens lodge between the eyelids, and heat combats with body fluids to form it. Since the heat pathogen is mild, it only results in minor knotting; once the pus breaks and the heat subsides, the condition heals.

When the eyes grow Yin Fu (abnormal tissue growth) and Rou (polyps), their roots all begin gradually from the corners of the eyes. The essence of the five Zang and six Fu organs pours upward into the eyes. The eyes are the gathering place of the Zong Mai (Major Vessels) and the external manifestation of the Liver. The Liver stores Blood. Among the twelve Meridians, some originate at the inner canthus of the eye. When wind-heat Qi invades the Zang and Fu organs, generating heat, this heat steams the Liver, rushing to erupt in the eyes. Heat combats with blood, causing it to knot, thus generating Yin Fu and Rou. If cutting damages the meridians, it will cause unceasing pain and bleeding; in such cases, one must immediately use formulas and herbs to treat it.

The Classics state: "When Spleen transfers heat to the Liver, it results in fright and Bi Nie (epistaxis)." The Spleen is Earth, and the Liver is Wood. Normally, Wood controls Earth. Now, due to Spleen heat, Earth Qi becomes excessively strong and counter-intrudes upon Wood. This is because Wood is deficient and cannot control Earth, thus receiving the transferred heat from the Spleen. The spirit of the Liver is Hun (Ethereal Soul), which stores Blood. Deficient heat causes Hun and Shen (Spirit) to be unsettled, hence the fright. Generally, Blood and Qi nourish the Zang and Fu internally and circulate along the meridians externally, moving together through the body in a continuous cycle. Blood nature coagulates and stagnates when cold but flows and scatters when hot. Qi is governed by the Lung; the Lung opens into the nose. When heat invades the Lung, Qi also becomes hot. With both Blood and Qi hot, Blood follows Qi and erupts from the nose, constituting Bi Nie (epistaxis).

Diagnosing the Cun Kou (radial pulse) as slightly Kous (hollow) indicates epistaxis. The Cun position governs Blood; if it presents with a bitter-cold quality, it indicates epistaxis.

If the Cun pulse is weak and faint, and the Chi pulse is choppy (Se), weakness indicates fever, and choppiness indicates lack of Blood. The person will certainly experience Jue (cold extremities/shock) and slight vomiting. In cases of Jue, if dizziness is expected but absent, yet headache occurs, the pain indicates excess. This is deficiency below and excess above, inevitably leading to epistaxis.

A large Liver pulse predisposes to epistaxis. If the pulse is yin-yang disordered and floating, epistaxis will definitely occur. If the pulse is fine and rapid, with the rapidness manifesting primarily in the upper positions, according to the method, vomiting should occur but does not. If the patient has small red patches on the cheekbones, and fine red vessels like hairs are visible on the sclera of the eyes, extending toward the black pupil, epistaxis is imminent. If the patient's face lacks color, without aversion to cold or fever, and the pulse is deep and wiry, it indicates epistaxis.

Epistaxis occurring from spring to summer is called Tai Yang Bi Nie; from autumn to winter, it is called Yang Ming Bi Nie. If it continues for days without stopping, the pulse is lightly floating at the surface, the Chi position is self-floating, and the eyeballs appear turbid and yellow, the epistaxis has not yet stopped. If the turbid yellow clears and the eyes become bright and clear, one knows the epistaxis has now ceased.

A slippery, small, and weak pulse indicates survival; a solid and large pulse indicates death. Diagnosing an epistaxis patient, a small and slippery pulse indicates survival, while a large and restless pulse indicates untreatable death. For epistaxis, a deep and fine pulse indicates survival; a floating, large, and firm pulse indicates death.

The *Yang Sheng Fang* states: "Overthinking injures the Heart; Heart injury leads to hematemesis and epistaxis."