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[Excerpts on Pulse Diagnosis] (The annotation states: The bladder is located in the "Gu Fu" (Solitary Vessel). This means that while other fu organs can discharge their contents independently without reliance, the bladder must wait for qi transformation to expel urine. Thus, it differs from other fu organs and is called the Solitary Vessel. Similarity constitutes a category; difference constitutes solitude.)

Pulse Observation (Where do Yin and Yang begin? In terms of Yin and Yang, these correspond to Zhang Zhongjing's classification where floating, surging, long, and slippery pulses are Yang, while deep, fine, short, and choppy pulses are Yin. ○ A pulse that is gentle and separated indicates a slow rate; if it connects continuously without separation, it indicates a rapid rate. Therefore, in Spleen disease, the pulse comes solid and becomes more rapid. ○ "Yan Yan" describes a harmonious and unchaotic quality; "She She" describes continuous connection without stopping, known as the Dai (intermittent) pulse; "Elm Catkins" describes lightness, floating, softness, and gentleness, used to describe the autumn pulse which is light, floating, harmonious, and connected. ○ A pulse coming like a bouncing stone indicates rigidity. In health, the pulse is deep and soft; in disease, it becomes rigid, contrary to the deep and soft state. This differs from the previously mentioned "bouncing stone," which combined urgency with rigidity; here, it refers only to rigidity. ○ The Spleen is the solitary Zang organ. Other Zang organs each govern one season, whereas the Spleen does not govern a single season exclusively but influences all four seasons, differing from other Zang organs, hence called solitary. ○ During late summer, a stomach Qi that is slightly soft and weak indicates a normal pulse. According to the previous two sections discussing the stomach, both the Mao (feather-like) and Shi (stone-like) pulses relate to the stomach; here, "soft and weak" refers to the presence of Stomach Qi, following this pattern. If weakness exceeds Stomach Qi, it indicates Spleen disease; if an intermittent pulse appears without Stomach Qi, it indicates death; if softness/weakness combines with a stone-like quality, it indicates winter disease; if weakness is severe, it indicates current illness. This section aligns with the principle stated earlier: "A slight hook quality in the summer stomach Qi indicates health." ○ A hair-like pulse containing a string-like quality indicates spring disease; a severe string-like quality indicates current illness. As the previous section noted that spring combining with autumn pulse implies autumn disease, this section notes that autumn combining with spring pulse implies spring disease. These are merely paired statements for mutual explanation, with no other meaning; pulse diagnosis follows this logic. ○ "Flowing like water" refers to floating and abundant qualities; "pecking like a bird" refers to fine and small qualities. Floating and abundance are excessive, while fineness and smallness are insufficient. ○ "Turbid Qi returns to the Heart." Turbid Qi refers to Yin Qi; "excessive essence enters the vessels." Essence here refers to Yang Essence. The vessel referred to is not the arterial pulse but the Jing-Luo vessels, referring to the Yin Qi and Yang Essence mentioned previously. ○ The section "Mao and Mai combine essence" discusses how the essence of the skin/hair combines with the essence of the Qi flowing through the vessels, moving Qi into the Qi Sea (Lower Dantian), which then distributes to the five Zang organs, allowing internal/external and upper/lower aspects to find their proper places and achieve balance. The character "Liu" should be read as "Liu" (flow). The subsequent section "Kui Du" takes the meaning of weighing/balancing. ○ "Transmission without passing through intervening Zang" refers to transmission skipping an intervening Zang, such as Heart transmitting to Liver. "Intervening Zang transmission" refers to transmission passing through an intervening Zang, such as Heart transmitting to Lung. However, even with intervening transmission, after seven transmissions, a meridian can no longer receive pathogenic factors. ○ There are five types of Yang. Five is the number associated with Earth. Since all five Zang organs rely on Stomach Qi, it is said that five times five equals twenty-five Yangs. ○ "Cannot reach the extreme of Heaven and Earth's essence." "Ji" (extreme/reach) here means centering or appropriateness; it fails to center appropriately regarding essence and Qi. ○ "All Yangs are thus." This means that when Yin internally blocks and repels Yang externally, the symptoms resemble Yang excess but actually belong to Yin deficiency. It cannot be treated as a Yang disease; the following text follows this logic. ○ Excess Yang causes body heat and absence of sweating. Sweat is Yin Qi. When Yin prevails and Yang is deficient, heat occurs without sweat.)

[Excerpts on Pathogenesis] Depriving oneself of physical exertion during autumn and winter leads to cold hands and feet. "Yong" means exerting force; "Zheng" means disharmony; pathogenic Qi here refers to Yin pathogens. The phrase "Qi becomes trapped in the middle" is suspected to be a textual error. "Ascending from below" refers to Yin pathogens ascending along counter-flowing Yang Qi. In autumn and winter, Yang declines and Yin flourishes. If one depletes Yang essence and Qi during these seasons, Upper Jiao Yang Qi further declines, becoming oppressed by flourishing Yin and rising upward in disharmony. Once Yang rises and does not descend, Lower Jiao shows increased Yang deficiency and Yin excess. Flourishing Yin overflows to become Yin pathogens. Yin pathogens counter-flowing with微弱 Yang cause cold to reverse from below upwards, resulting in Jue (reversal cold). Hands and feet are cold because they are the root of all Yang limbs; Yang deficiency and Yin prosperity cause cold hands and feet. ○ Qi gathers in the Spleen, representing the accumulation of Gu Qi (Grain Qi). ○ Malaria arises from wind lastly, implying malaria originates from Heat/Shu. Malaria typically results from initial Summer-Heat injury followed by Wind-Cold contraction. ○ Annotation: "Yang Qi descends to its extreme and then ascends; Yin Qi ascends to its extreme and then descends," hence "Yin and Yang contend above and below." This refers to external pathogenic invasion. Huicui excerpts: "Yang diseases ascend to their extreme and then descend; Yin diseases descend to their extreme and then ascend." This refers to intrinsic Qi pathology. Wind and Shu are Yang pathogens that preferentially injure Yang meridians. Receiving Yang pathogens leads to Yang extremity; when harmonious, Yang Qi descends, but at its extreme, it reverses to contend with Yin. Water and Cold are Yin pathogens that preferentially injure Yin meridians. Receiving Yin pathogens leads to Yin extremity; when harmonious, Yin Qi ascends, but at its extreme, it reverses to contend with Yang. This refers to the Yin/Yang of specific meridians (e.g., varying amounts of Qi and Blood in certain meridians), not the Ying (Nutrient) Qi within vessels and Wei (Defensive) Qi outside vessels. ○ Inside the skin and outside the intestines/stomach is where Ying Qi resides. Summer-Heat hides inside the skin, residing in Ying Qi. Later, inside the skin and outside the intestines/stomach is where Wei Qi resides. Wind-Water lodges in the skin, affecting Wei Qi. Thus, inside the skin is where Ying and Wei coexist. This also refers to the Ying/Wei of specific meridians. Their Qi is gentle and harmonious, making them susceptible to pathogens. Previously, Summer-Heat injured Ying; now, Wind-Cold injures Wei. Both Ying and Wei are injured and coexist. When Wei Qi moves outward into Yang branches, it contends with Yang; Yang deficiency causes cold. When Wei Qi moves inward into Yin branches, it contends with Yin; Yin deficiency causes heat. This refers to Wei Qi traveling through Yang during the day and Yin at night. The later section states "converging on Yang makes Yang prevail; converging on Yin makes Yin prevail," further elucidating the previous point about Yin/Yang contention above and below. ○ When disease reaches its extreme, it reverses. Things reverse when they reach their extreme. Thus, when Yang pathogens reach their extreme, cold stops; when Yin pathogens reach their extreme, heat stops. Moreover, when Wei Qi leaves the meridian where it received the pathogen and travels to another meridian, pathogen and righteous Qi separate, and cold/heat cease. ○ Malaria with only heat and no chills occurs because only Yang pathogens (Summer-Heat and Wind) were contracted, without Yin-Cold pathogens (Water/Cold). ○ Chills with jaw trembling occur because the jaw is traversed by the Stomach meridian; thirst and frequent drinking occur due to Stomach Heat. Thus, malaria often belongs to the Stomach. ○ Sheng (Overcoming) and Fu (Rebounding) Qi refers to either Overcoming Qi causing disease or Rebounding Qi causing disease, not necessarily a sequence of overcoming then rebounding (e.g., Yang pathogen overcoming, Yin pathogen rebounding). Xun Meng Zhao You (dizziness and instability) reaching severity enters the Liver. Scholar Xu states: Upper deficiency indicates Liver deficiency. Liver deficiency causes dizziness. Xun Meng feels like having something covering the head, swaying uncertainly; dizzy eyes, deaf ears are all signs of dizziness, named Gan Jue (Liver Jue) dizziness. ○ Jie Yin (Knotted Yin) causes hematochezia. *Baodian* states: If Yin Qi does not knot internally but flows externally without receiving support, it seeps into the intestines, causing hematochezia.)

[Excerpts on Treatment Principles] "An Er Shou Zhi" means massage to gather and secure. ○ What is meant by "Jia" (false)? It refers to using cold herbs in winter without being prohibited by winter cold. "Gao Zhe Yi Zhi" (Suppress what is high) generally explains the meaning of controlling and depriving mentioned earlier. ○ The section "When Qi Prevails" is identical to the later Yunqi excerpt "When Qi Prevails." One must stabilize the Host and Guest, referring to the Host and Guest of the Six Qi additions. "Ni" (Reverse) refers to the Six Qi; "Cong" (Follow) refers to the Five Movements. ○ "Disease is distant, but treat via the middle path with subtle flavors/aromas." The "middle path" refers to medicines with subtle flavors/aromas. If the disease is in the Kidney or Liver, the distance is far. Using medicines with subtle flavors/aromas requires large doses administered at once, conforming to the principles of Yi Fang. Annotation: "Shi Er Ling Zu" means sufficient food, i.e., large and numerous doses. However, "Ji Guo Zhi" means administering at once. ○ "Proceed according to what is beneficial," e.g., Pungent flavors benefit dispersion. ○ "Calm palpitations." Calm the mind and regulate Qi first, then administer medicine. This treats external fright. If internal movement agitates the Spirit, one must use medicine to balance the excess/deficiency of Yin/Yang so the Spirit can be安定 (stable) and Will determined. ○ "Must subdue that which dominates." "Fu" means to subdue. To subdue pathogens and prevent harm, one must first know methods like "treat heat with cold administration." Tong (Same) means treating cold with heat initially seems the same; Zhong (End/Different) means taking hot medicine cold changes its nature. Taking hot medicine cold avoids rejection. Breaking accumulations and dissipating hardness... is appropriate. Internal or external treatment, or reducing by affiliation, each follows what is suitable. ○)

[Excerpts on Color Diagnosis] "He Yu Shen Ming" means aligning with the changes of Heaven and Earth's divine spirit.

[Excerpts on Acupuncture] "Guan Shi Zhi Bian" means observing changes with a quiet mind and understanding, transforming and adjusting pathological changes. ○ Do not puncture and drain when encountering the peak. At water mark 1, 3, 5, 7, Qi is in the Three Yang meridians; at marks 2, 4, 6, 8, Qi is in the Yin divisions. When Qi is in Yang, Yang division is exclusively prosperous; when Qi is in Yin, Yin division is exclusively prosperous. Seeing exclusive prosperity and identifying it as evil to drain with needles harms True Qi, hence the following text. Wang's commentary says at water mark 1, Qi is in Taiyang; mark 3, Shaoyang; mark 3, Yangming; mark 4, Yin division. If so, Qi circulates only 25 cycles in a day/night, contradicting *Ling Shu* stating 50 cycles. This error is evident. Furthermore, "Fen Yin" refers to the Yin division of the Three Yang meridians, not the inner Zang Yin divisions. At noon, water mark 1, Qi is in the Three Yang cycle; in the Yang division, it is also the Yang division of the Three Yin meridians, not the outer Fu Yang divisions. Thus, Fu have Yin/Yang, and Zang have Yin/Yang. This specifically refers to Wei Qi. ○ "Beside the seventh vertebra lies the Xiao Xin (Lesser Heart)." According to *Jing Du Pian* commentary on the Heart meridian: The Heart connections are two. One connects upward to the lungs, entering between the two large lung lobes. The other descends from the lung connection, curving backward, connecting finely along the spine and diaphragm, penetrating the spinal cord and communicating with the Kidneys, right at the seventh vertebra. Does the scripture refer to this? ○ "Draw from Yin to lead Yang, draw from Yang to lead Yin." Head is Yang, Feet are Yin; Heat is Yang, Cold is Yin. Disease in the head is treated by lower points; disease in the feet by upper points. For Yang diseases leading heat to Yin to cool, and Yin diseases leading cold to Yang to warm, all are correct. This aligns with *Lun Zhi Chao*: "For Yang diseases with reversed Qi, disease above is treated below, disease below is treated above, disease in the middle is treated laterally.")

[Excerpts on Yin and Yang] The ability of all things, meaning the beginning of life depends on it, and the beginning of death also depends on it. ○ Flavor returns to Form; Form consumes Flavor. Qi generates Form; Form/Qi consume [Flavor/Qi]. Not only does Flavor generate Form, but Qi also generates Form. ○ Qi returns to Essence; Essence returns to Transformation; Transformation generates Essence; Essence consumes Qi. This states Qi not only generates Form but also Essence. ○ Flavor injures Form; Qi injures Essence. Although Flavor generates Form, Form can be injured by Flavor; although Qi generates Essence, Essence can be injured by Qi. ○ Essence transforms into Qi. Qi not only generates Essence through transformation, but Essence can also generate Qi, hence "mutually benefiting." ○ Qi is injured by Flavor. Not only is Form injured by Flavor, but Qi is also injured by Flavor, hence "mutually damaging." ○ Heavenly movements depend on sunlight. Heavenly movements are incessant because sunlight makes Yang Qi prosperous. If humans preserve their Yang, they live long; if they deplete Yang, they die early. ○ "Evening gathering and rejecting" section instructs on nourishing Yang. ○ Pulse flow is thin and rapid; convergence leads to mania. "Bo Ji" indicates Yin deficiency; "Bing" indicates Yang excess and solidity.)

[Excerpts on Root and Branch] Successful treatment is "Cong" (following/compliance). "De" means compliance. Treating heat with heat is compliant with the disease.

[Excerpts on Climate and Movement] Qi Shu: Qi refers to Yin/Yang Qi; Shu refers to Three Yin/Three Yang. Annotation: Qi Shu refers to generative Qi, the numbers Nine of Tian 1 and Di 6. ○ "What is overcome is mild; what overcomes is severe." This refers to the Direct Year's Qi as the Overcoming Qi. If the Overcoming Qi is interfered with by pathogens, the Direct Year's Qi remains victorious and pathogens are not victorious, so disease is mild. If the Direct Year's Qi is not victorious (insufficient), and is interfered with by pathogens, it is severe. ○ "Not in its season is mild." E.g., Wood year but Fire Qi arrives. Direct Year Wood Qi is strong, so although Fire Qi arrives, it is out of season, so disease manifests mildly two years later. ○ "In its season is severe." E.g., Direct Wood year, Wood Qi is strong. Now intercepted by pathogens, Wood Qi is deficient and receives pathogens, hence "what overcomes is severe" (Wood Qi is deficient). Also "in its season is severe" means in a Direct Wood year, Wood is diseased by pathogens, so disease is severe. ○ "Stabilize屈复 (Quiescence and Rebound)." If Overcoming Qi is harmonious, calm it; if Overcoming Qi is severe, deprive it. Follow the severity of Overcoming Qi to calm or deprive, stabilizing it to make it quiescent.)

[Excerpts on Compilation] "Thus the Sage transmits Spirit" means inheriting internal Spirit without destruction, accepting Heavenly True Qi without opposition, so Divine Spirit flows freely without internal/external obstruction. ○ "Its color must be wan." Previous text discussed pulse; this says color should also be observed. ○ "Like Can Chun" indicates disease. Can Chun means heavy/light, fast/slow are equal. If only the Middle position pulse is harmonious (not large/rapid), but Upper/Lower positions are large/rapid, death ensues. Or if Upper/Lower are large/rapid but Middle is small, death ensues. ○ "One Hou later indicates disease; later indicates victory." Pulses vary in size and speed. Large refers to former/small refers to latter; rapid refers to former/slow refers to latter. ○ "Uniquely small indicates disease." Unique refers to highlighting one Hou among all observations, similar to the meaning of "one Hou later." )

Qi Bo said: Kidney transfers Cold to Spleen, causing abscesses/swelling and shortness of breath. (Kidney injured by Cold transmits to Spleen. Spleen governs flesh; Cold governs flesh, condensing into hardness, hardening into pus, causing abscesses. Blood injury causes shortage, hence shortness of breath.) Spleen transfers Cold to Liver, causing abscesses/swelling and tendon spasms. (Spleen governs flesh, Liver governs tendons. Warm flesh relaxes tendons; cold flesh tightens tendons, causing spasms. Cold flesh causes Wei Qi aggregation, causing swelling/abscesses.) Liver transfers Cold to Heart, causing madness and chest blockage. (Heart is a Yang Zang housing Spirit. Cold oppression confuses Spirit, causing madness. Yang Qi and Cold oppose each other, causing blockage and mid-body obstruction.) Heart transfers Cold to Lung, causing Lung Xiao (Consumption). Lung Xiao involves drinking one unit and urinating two units; death is incurable. (Heart is Yang Zang but receives Cold. Cold stagnates and transforms into Heat, scorching Metal internally. Metal receives Fire evil, causing Middle Xiao. Lung consumption destroys Qi support, leading to drinking one and urinating two. Metal and Fire destroy each other; death is incurable.) Lung transfers Cold to Kidney, causing Yong Shui (Surging Water). Yong Shui presents as non-tender abdomen upon pressure. Water Qi lodges in Large Intestine; rapid walking causes gurgling sounds like a bag wrapping浆 (paste). (Lung Cold enters Kidney; Kidney Qi surplus rushes to Lung, hence Surging Water. Large Intestine is Lung's Fu. Water lodges in Large Intestine. Kidney receives condensation, failing to transform fluids; Large Intestine accumulates water without circulation, causing disease...) Spleen transfers Heat to Liver, causing fright and epistaxis. (Liver stores Blood and governs fright. Heat oppression causes fright and nosebleed.) Liver transfers Heat to Heart, leading to death. (Two Yangs combine, Fire and Wood scorch each other. Liver Heat entering Heart leads to death.) Heart transfers Heat to Lung, transmitting to Ge Xiao (Diaphragm Consumption). (Between Heart Fu layers lies a diagonal diaphragm membrane, connecting internally to the horizontal diaphragm. Heart Heat entering Lung, over time transforms, internally transmitting Diaphragm Heat, causing thirst and polydipsia.) Lung transfers Heat to Kidney, transmitting to Rou Gu (Soft Tendons/Hard Bones). (Rou means soft tendons; Gu Qiang means hard bones. Qi and Bone are hot, Marrow does not fill internally, so bones are hard/unlifted, tendons are soft/weak.) Kidney transfers Heat to Spleen, transmitting to Xu Chang ... Death is incurable. (Spleen Earth controls Wood. Kidney transferring Heat to it means Earth cannot control Wood and becomes diseased, leading to chronic deficiency. ... Death occurs because Kidney governs Lower Jiao, symbolizing Water/Cold. Transferring Heat means Essence dissipates internally; Lower Jiao has no master to guard, causing ... expulsion and uncontrolled Qi.) Bao (Uterus/Bladder) transfers Heat to Bladder, causing Lin (Strangury) and bloody urine. (Bladder is Treasury of Fluids; Bao is repository of reception. Bao Heat transfers to Bladder, causing Yin collaterals to overflow internally, preventing urination and causing bloody urine.) Bladder transfers Heat to Small Intestine, causing intestinal blockage/inconvenience and mouth ulcers above. (Small Intestine meridian connects to Heart, passes throat, crosses diaphragm to Stomach. Heat causes intestinal/diaphragmatic blockage/inconvenience; above, it causes mouth sores/ulcers.) Small Intestine transfers Heat to Large Intestine, causing ... Zha (Masses) and Chen (Depression/Sinking). (Small Intestine Heat transfers to Large Intestine; two Heats combine, causing blood overflow forming Fu Zha (hidden masses). Blood fullness and obstruction cause menstrual stagnation, hence Fu Zha and Chen. ... is synonymous with Fu.) Large Intestine transfers Heat to Stomach, causing polyphagia with emaciation, also called Shi Yi (Eating and Changing). (Stomach is Sea of Water/Grain, nourishing muscles externally. Heat consumes Water/Grain and dries muscles, causing polyphagia/emaciation. Shi Yi means food passes through without generating flesh. Yi means change.) Stomach transfers Heat to Gallbladder, also called Shi Yi. (Meaning same as above.) Gallbladder transfers Heat to Brain, causing sinus pain and Bi Yuan (Nasal Spring). Bi Yuan is continuous dripping of turbid mucus. Transmitting to ... Mn Mu (Epistaxis/Closed Eyes). (Brain fluid seeps down as turbid mucus, dripping endlessly like a spring, hence Bi Yuan. ... refers to nasal bridge. Foot Taiyang meridian starts at inner eye, crosses forehead, connects to brain. Yangming meridian starts at nose, crosses nasal bridge, encircles Taiyang. Brain heat causes Taiyang reversal, combining with Yangming at nasal bridge, causing nasal pain. ... refers to drunken pain. Heat excess causes Yang collaterals to overflow, causing epistaxis/sweating blood. ... refers to sweating blood. Severe blood loss causes Yangming/Taiyang decline, failing to nourish eyes, causing dark/closed eyes.) Thus, these arise from Qi Jue (Qi Reversal). (Jue means Qi reversal; all result from Qi reversal, from Qi Jue Lun.)

Emperor said: Initially developing Dian disease, what is its name? Qi Bo said: Named Tai Bing (Fetal Disease). It is acquired in the womb when the mother suffers great fright. Qi ascends and does not descend; Essence and Qi congregate, causing the child to develop Dian disease. (Essence/Qi refers to Yang Essence. ○ From Chu Qi Bing Lun.)

Qi Bo said: Yang deficiency causes exterior cold. Yang receives Qi from Upper Jiao to warm skin and muscle intervals. Now Cold is external, blocking Upper Jiao. Upper Jiao blockage causes Cold to remain solely externally, hence chills/shivering. Yin deficiency generates interior Heat. Labor/fatigue causes Form/Qi depletion and insufficient Gu Qi. Upper Jiao fails to move; Lower Wan is blocked. Stomach Qi becomes hot, steaming the chest, causing interior Heat. (Wang Andao states: This "Yin" refers to bodily Yin and Grain flavors. Labor/fatigue involves excessive movement belonging to Fire. Form/Qi depletion means Strong Fire consumes Qi. Insufficient Gu Qi means labor damages Yuan Qi, reducing food intake and Qi. Upper Jiao failure means Clear Yang does not ascend. Lower Wan blockage means Turbid Yin does not descend. Stomach receives grains, ascending Clear Yang and descending Turbid Yin to transmit/nourish the body. Now Stomach cannot accept, Gu Qi declines, Clear Yang has nothing to ascend, Turbid Yin has nothing to descend. Hence "Upper fails, Lower blocked," not absolute blockage but relative to health. Failure/blockage leads to stagnation. Stagnation turns Mild Fire into Strong Fire. Stomach is between Upper Jiao and Lower Wan. Stomach Qi heats, rising to steam chest, causing interior Heat. This is Dong Yuan's theory of labor-damage and diet irregularity causing heat. The concept of internal injury originates here.)

Yang excess generates exterior heat. Upper Jiao blockage makes skin dense, pores closed, Xuan Fu blocked. Wei Qi cannot vent, causing exterior heat. (External Cold toxicity presses internal Yang. External Cold excess causes skin contraction, pore density, Wei Qi accumulation without flow. External Cold presses, internal Yang contends, accumulated fire burns internally, generating exterior heat.)

Yin excess generates interior cold. Jue Qi reverses upward; Cold accumulates in Chest/Middle without discharge. Without discharge, Warm Qi departs, Cold remains alone. Blood coagulates, vessels obstruct. Pulse is large and choppy, hence interior cold. (Warm Qi is Yang Qi. Yin reversal fills internally, driving Yang Qi to skin exterior. ○ From Tiao Jing Lun.)

*Ling Shu* (*Bing Chuan Pian*): "Seven transmissions" should be "Sequential transmission," transmitting to what it overcomes (e.g., Heart to Lung, Lung to Liver). "Inter-transmission" refers to skipping Zangs to transmit to what overcomes it (e.g., Heart to Liver, Liver to Kidney). ○ *Gen Jie Pian*: If Form/Qi are deficient but Disease Qi is excessive, consider draining. Form refers to skin/flesh/bones/blood/vessels; Qi refers to nasal/oral breathing. Form excess is robust; deficiency is emaciated. Assess nasal/oral Qi: unchanged by labor means Qi excess; panting/shortness of breath means Qi deficiency. Drain/tonify depends not just on this, but on whether Disease Qi/Spirit increases during paroxysms (excess/Evil wins, drain with cold/bitter/sour); or decreases (deficiency/True Qi wins, tonify with pungent/warm/damp-draining). If Form/Qi deficient and Disease Qi deficient at onset, this is total Yin deficiency. Needles are contraindicated; tonify with medicine. If medicine fails, take... umbilical points.)

○ Headache lasting years without relief suggests major Cold invasion reaching marrow. Marrow is governed by Brain. Brain reversal causes headache and toothache. (From Chu Qi Bing Lun)

○ Frequent urination (dozens of times daily) indicates deficiency (later pulse fine as hair). Body heat like charcoal, neck/chest like a barrier, Renying pulse restless/rapid, panting/reverse Qi indicate excess. Taiyin pulse fine as hair indicates deficiency (Five exterior excesses, Two interior deficiencies). What disease? Qi Bo said: Disease in Taiyin, excess in Stomach, partly in Lung. Named Jue, death is incurable. (Five exterior Yin [symptoms] but Hand Taiyin pulse should be surging/rapid, now fine as hair. Pulse contradicts symptoms. Lung Qi rebellion oppresses Stomach, causing Renying rapidity. Disease in Taiyin, excess in Stomach. Panting/reverse Qi partly in Lung. Disease/Qi/Symptoms mismatch leads to death. Why? Exterior disease has two interior deficiencies; Interior disease has five exterior excesses. Exterior/Interior cannot guide treatment; tonification/draining difficult. Death is clear.)

○ Dian disease named Tai Bing, acquired in womb from maternal fright. Qi ascends, Essence/Qi congregate, causing fetal Dian. (Yang Essence. ○ From Chu Qi Bing Lun)

○ Swollen like water, pulse large/tight, body painless, form not emaciated, unable to eat/eats little. Disease originates in Kidney, named Ren Feng (Wind of Kidney). (Pulse like bowstring, large/tight. Large indicates Qi, Tight indicates Cold. Cold presses internally but painless. Labor Qi accumulates internally, Cold contends, Labor/Cold transform into Wind, Wind overcomes Stomach...)